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EXIT_FAILURE AND EXIT_SUCCESS

2014-05-09 00:00 281 查看
EXIT_FAILURE
, either in a return statement in
main
or as an argument to
exit()
, is the only portable way to indicate failure in a C or C++ program.
exit(1)
can actually signal successful termination on VMS, for example.
If you're going to be using
EXIT_FAILURE
when your program fails, then you might as well use
EXIT_SUCCESS
when it succeeds, just for the sake of symmetry.
On the other hand, if the program never signals failure, you can use either
0
or
EXIT_SUCCESS
. Both are guaranteed by the standard to signal successful completion. (It's barely possible that
EXIT_SUCCESS
could have a value other than 0, but it's equal to 0 on every implementation I've ever heard of.)
Using
0
has the minor advantage that you don't need
#include <stdlib.h>
in C, or
#include <cstdlib>
in C++ (if you're using a
return
statement rather than calling
exit()
) -- but for a program of any significant size you're going to be including stdlib directly or indirectly anyway.
For that matter, in C starting with the 1999 standard, and in all versions of C++, reaching the end of
main()
does an implicit
return 0;
anyway, so you might not need to use either
0
or
EXIT_SUCCESS
explicitly. (But at least in C, I consider an explicit
return 0;
to be better style.)
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