1064. Complete Binary Search Tree
2018-02-20 12:51
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Complete Binary Search Tree
A Binary Search Tree (BST) is recursively defined as a binary tree which has the following properties:* The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node’s key.
* The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than or equal to the node’s key.
* Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.
A Complete Binary Tree (CBT) is a tree that is completely filled, with the possible exception of the bottom level, which is filled from left to right.
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains a positive integer N (<=1000). Then N distinct non-negative integer keys are given in the next line. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space and are no greater than 2000.
Output Specification:
For each test case, print in one line the level order traversal sequence of the corresponding complete binary search tree. All the numbers in a line must be separated by a space, and there must be no extra space at the end of the line.
Sample Input:
10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Sample Output:
6 3 8 1 5 7 9 0 2 4
题意
创建二叉搜索树,且该树同时为完全二叉树。
思路
创建BST一般方法是链表插入,但注意到是完全二叉树,其特殊性质是在数组中,若根节点下标为i,则2i为左子树根节点下标,2i+1为右子树根结点下标(两下标皆不超过节点数n),所以可以考虑使用数组进行创建比较简便。
要想创建树,要么知道中序序列以及其他遍历序列中的一种,要么知道一种遍历序列以及树的整体框架,显然本题是后面一种。由于二叉查找树的中序遍历序列是有序的,且完全二叉树的空框架可以用数组表示,那么只要在中序遍历时依次填入数据,即可构建完全二叉查找树。
代码实现
#include <cstdio> #include <queue> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; const int maxn = 1001; int cbt[maxn], n; // 完全二叉树框架,结点个数 int data[maxn], index = 0; // 结点数据,已使用结点个数 void inOrder(int i) // 中序遍历 { if (i > n) return; inOrder(2 * i); cbt[i] = data[index++]; // 访问根结点时填入数据 inOrder(2 * i + 1); } void levelOrder() // 层序遍历 { bool flag = true; // flag用来控制空格输出 queue<int> q; q.push(1); while(!q.empty()) { int now = q.front(); q.pop(); if (flag) flag = false; else printf(" "); printf("%d", cbt[now]); if (2 * now <= n) q.push(2 * now); if (2 * now + 1 <= n) q.push(2 * now + 1); } } int main() { scanf("%d", &n); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &data[i]); sort(data, data + n); // 读取完数据后排序,以便在中序遍历中使用 inOrder(1); levelOrder(); return 0; }
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