iOS面试题系列之常见算法

iOS面试中熟悉常见算法

1、 对以下一组数据进行降序排序（冒泡排序）。“24，17，85，13，9，54，76，45，5，63”

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int array[10] = {24, 17, 85, 13, 9, 54, 76, 45, 5, 63};
int num = sizeof(array)/sizeof(int);
for(int i = 0; i < num-1; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < num - 1 - i; j++) {
if(array[j] < array[j+1]) {
int tmp = array[j];
array[j] = array[j+1];
array[j+1] = tmp;
}
}
}

for(int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
printf("%d", array[i]);
if(i == num-1) {
printf("\n");
}
else {
printf(" ");
}
}
}

2、 对以下一组数据进行升序排序（选择排序）。“86, 37, 56, 29, 92, 73, 15, 63, 30, 8”

void sort(int a[],int n)
{
int i, j, index;
for(i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
index = i;
for(j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
if(a[index] > a[j]) {
index = j;
}
}
if(index != i) {
int temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[index];
a[index] = temp;
}
}
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
int numArr[10] = {86, 37, 56, 29, 92, 73, 15, 63, 30, 8};
sort(numArr, 10);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
printf("%d, ", numArr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

3、 快速排序算法

void sort(int *a, int left, int right) {
if(left >= right) {
return ;
}
int i = left;
int j = right;
int key = a[left];
while (i < j) {
while (i < j && key >= a[j]) {
j--;
}
a[i] = a[j];
while (i < j && key <= a[i]) {
i++;
}
a[j] = a[i];
}
a[i] = key;
sort(a, left, i-1);
sort(a, i+1, right);
}

4、 归并排序

void merge(int sourceArr[], int tempArr[], int startIndex, int midIndex, int endIndex) {
int i = startIndex;
int j = midIndex + 1;
int k = startIndex;
while (i != midIndex + 1 && j != endIndex + 1) {
if (sourceArr[i] >= sourceArr[j]) {
tempArr[k++] = sourceArr[j++];
} else {
tempArr[k++] = sourceArr[i++];
}
}        while (i != midIndex + 1) {
tempArr[k++] = sourceArr[i++];
}        while (j != endIndex + 1) {
tempArr[k++] = sourceArr[j++];
}        for (i = startIndex; i <= endIndex; i++) {
sourceArr[i] = tempArr[i];
}
}

void sort(int souceArr[], int tempArr[], int startIndex, int endIndex) {
int midIndex;
if (startIndex < endIndex) {
midIndex = (startIndex + endIndex) / 2;
sort(souceArr, tempArr, startIndex, midIndex);
sort(souceArr, tempArr, midIndex + 1, endIndex);
merge(souceArr, tempArr, startIndex, midIndex, endIndex);
}
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
int numArr[10] = {86, 37, 56, 29, 92, 73, 15, 63, 30, 8};
int tempArr[10];
sort(numArr, tempArr, 0, 9);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
printf("%d, ", numArr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

5、 实现二分查找算法（编程语言不限）

int bsearchWithoutRecursion(int array[],int low,int high,int target) {
while(low <= high) {
int mid = (low + high) / 2;
if(array[mid] > target)
high = mid - 1;
else if(array[mid] < target)
low = mid + 1;
else  //findthetarget
return mid;
}
//the array does not contain the target
return -1;
}
//----------------------------------------
//递归实现
int binary_search(const int arr[],int low,int high,int key){
int mid=low + (high - low) / 2;
if(low > high)
return -1;
else{
if(arr[mid] == key)
return mid;
else if(arr[mid] > key)
return binary_search(arr, low, mid-1, key);
else
return binary_search(arr, mid+1, high, key);
}
}

6、 如何实现链表翻转（链表逆序）？思路：每次把第二个元素提到最前面来。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct NODE {
struct NODE *next;
int num;
}node;

node *createLinkList(int length) {
if (length <= 0) {
return NULL;
}
node *head,*p,*q;
int number = 1;
head = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node));
head->num = 1;
head->next = head;
p = q = head;
while (++number <= length) {
p = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node));
p->num = number;
p->next = NULL;
q->next = p;
q = p;
}
return head;
}

void printLinkList(node *head) {
if (head == NULL) {
return;
}
node *p = head;
while (p) {
printf("%d ", p->num);
p = p -> next;
}
printf("\n");
}

node *reverseFunc1(node *head) {
if (head == NULL) {
return head;
}
node *p,*q;
p = head;
q = NULL;
while (p) {
node *pNext = p -> next;
p -> next = q;
q = p;
p = pNext;
}
return q;
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
node *head = createLinkList(7);
if (head) {
printLinkList(head);
node *reHead = reverseFunc1(head);
printLinkList(reHead);
free(reHead);
}
free(head);
return 0;
}

7、 实现一个字符串“how are you”的逆序输出（编程语言不限）。如给定字符串为“hello world”,输出结果应当为“world hello”。

int spliterFunc(char *p) {
char c[100][100];
int i = 0;
int j = 0;

while (*p != '\0') {
if (*p == ' ') {
i++;
j = 0;
} else {
c[i][j] = *p;
j++;
}
p++;
}

for (int k = i; k >= 0; k--) {
printf("%s", c[k]);
if (k > 0) {
printf(" ");
} else {
printf("\n");
}
}    return 0;
}

8、 给定一个字符串，输出本字符串中只出现一次并且最靠前的那个字符的位置？如“abaccddeeef”,字符是b,输出应该是2。

char *strOutPut(char *);

int compareDifferentChar(char, char *);

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
char *inputStr = "abaccddeeef";
char *outputStr = strOutPut(inputStr);
printf("%c \n", *outputStr);
return 0;
}

char *strOutPut(char *s) {
char str[100];
char *p = s;
int index = 0;
while (*s != '\0') {
if (compareDifferentChar(*s, p) == 1) {
str[index] = *s;
index++;
}
s++;
}
return &str;
}

int compareDifferentChar(char c, char *s) {
int i = 0;
while (*s != '\0' && i<= 1) {
if (*s == c) {
i++;
}
s++;
}
if (i == 1) {
return 1;
} else {
return 0;
}
}

9、 二叉树的先序遍历为FBACDEGH,中序遍历为：ABDCEFGH,请写出这个二叉树的后序遍历结果。 ADECBHGF

先序+中序遍历还原二叉树：先序遍历是：ABDEGCFH 中序遍历是：DBGEACHF

首先从先序得到第一个为A，就是二叉树的根，回到中序，可以将其分为三部分：

左子树的中序序列DBGE，根A，右子树的中序序列CHF 接着将左子树的序列回到先序可以得到B为根，这样回到左子树的中序再次将左子树分割为三部分： 左子树的左子树D，左子树的根B，左子树的右子树GE 同样地，可以得到右子树的根为C 类似地将右子树分割为根C，右子树的右子树HF，注意其左子树为空 如果只有一个就是叶子不用再进行了，刚才的GE和HF再次这样运作，就可以将二叉树还原了。
10、 打印2-100之间的素数。

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++) {
int r = isPrime(i);
if (r == 1) {
printf("%ld ", i);
}
}
return 0;
}

int isPrime(int n){
int i, s;
for(i = 2; i <= sqrt(n); i++)
if(n % i == 0)  return 0;
return 1;
}

11、
求两个整数的最大公约数。

int gcd(int a, int b) {
int temp = 0;
if (a < b) {
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
while (b != 0) {
temp = a % b;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
return a;
}

</pre><pre code_snippet_id="1772593" snippet_file_name="blog_20160720_12_9985683" name="code" class="cpp"><span style="font-family:PT Serif, Georgia, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18.4px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);">转载于</span></span><span style="font-family:PT Sans, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15.64px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);">杨社兵的技术博客：http://yangshebing.github.io/blog/2016/04/24/iosmian-shi-ti-xi-lie-zhi-chang-jian-suan-fa/</span></span>