各大主流.Net的IOC框架性能测试比较

在上一篇中，我简单介绍了下Autofac的使用，有人希望能有个性能上的测试，考虑到有那么多的IOC框架，而主流的有：Castle Windsor、微软企业库中的Unity、Spring.NET、StructureMap、Ninject等等。本篇文章主要针对这些IOC框架编写测试程序。

Autofac下载地址：http://code.google.com/p/autofac/

Castle Windsor下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/castleproject/files/Windsor/2.5/Castle.Windsor.2.5.3.zip/download

Unity下载地址：http://entlib.codeplex.com/

Spring.NET下载地址：http://www.springframework.net/

StructureMap下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/structuremap/files/

Ninject下载地址：http://ninject.org/download

其中，测试程序均采用最新的类库。

基础工作

1、程序还是引用上一篇的示例作为测试背景。

2、编写一个性能计数器，这里我采用老赵写的一个CodeTimer的类，具体介绍见：http://www.cnblogs.com/JeffreyZhao/archive/2009/03/10/codetimer.html

使用方式类似于：

int iteration = 100 * 1000;string s = ""; CodeTimer.Time("String Concat", iteration, () => { s += "a"; }); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); CodeTimer.Time("StringBuilder", iteration, () => { sb.Append("a"); });

3、编写一个IRunner运行接口：

public interface IRunner { void Start(RunType runType); }

以及RunnerBase抽象基础运行类：



public abstract class RunnerBase { private int _iteration = Convert.ToInt32(System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["Iteration"] ?? "10000"); internal int Iteration { get { return _iteration; } }
internal void Time(Action action) { CodeTimer.Time(Name, Iteration, action); }
protected abstract string Name { get; } }



这里_iteration表示测试运行次数，通过配置文件来设置值。Time方法通过计数器对action方法进行Iteration次迭代。

编写一个RunManager的运行管理器：



public class RunManager { public static void Start(IRunner runner) { Start(runner, RunType.Transient); }
public static void Start(IRunner runner, RunType runType) { runner.Start(runType); } }



在测试中，我采用两种方式的性能比较，一个是单例状态，一个是非单例状态：



/// <summary> /// 运行状态 /// </summary> public enum RunType { /// <summary> /// 单例 /// </summary> Singleton,
/// <summary> /// 瞬时 /// </summary> Transient }



好了，现在我的程序只要继承RunnerBase以及IRunnre接口，就可以实现各个IOC框架的初始化装配的工作了。基础工作已经做好。

各个IOC框架测试程序

1、Autofac：



public class AutofacRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner { protected override string Name { get { return "Autofac"; } }
public void Start(RunType runType) { var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
//if (runType == RunType.Singleton) // builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>().SingleInstance(); //else // builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(); //builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>(); ////builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofac")); builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>(); if (runType == RunType.Singleton) builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>())).SingleInstance(); else builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>()));
var container = builder.Build();
Time(() => { var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>(); manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER"); });
container.Dispose(); } }



2、Castle Windsor：



public class WindsorRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner { protected override string Name { get { return "Castle Windsor"; } }
public void Start(RunType runType) { var container = new WindsorContainer(); if(runType == RunType.Singleton) container.Register(Component.For(typeof(DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Singleton); else container.Register(Component.For(typeof(DatabaseManager)).LifeStyle.Transient);
container.Register(Component.For(typeof(IDatabase)).ImplementedBy(typeof(SqlDatabase)));
Time(() => { var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>(); manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER"); }); } }



3、Unity：



public class UnityRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner { protected override string Name { get { return "Unity"; } }
public void Start(RunType runType) { var container = new UnityContainer(); if(runType == RunType.Singleton) container.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager()); else container.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(new TransientLifetimeManager()); container.RegisterType<IDatabase, SqlDatabase>();
Time(() => { var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>(); manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER"); }); } }



4、Spring.NET：



public class SpringRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner { protected override string Name { get { return "Spring.NET"; } }
public void Start(RunType runType) { string databaseManagerName; if (runType == RunType.Singleton) databaseManagerName = "DatabaseManager_Singleton"; else databaseManagerName = "DatabaseManager_Transient";
Time(() => { IApplicationContext context = ContextRegistry.GetContext(); var manager = (DatabaseManager)context.GetObject(databaseManagerName); manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER"); }); } }



5、StructureMap：



public class StructureMapRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner { protected override string Name { get { return "StructureMap"; } }
public void Start(RunType runType) { ObjectFactory.Initialize(container => { if (runType == RunType.Singleton) container.ForRequestedType<DatabaseManager>().Singleton(); else container.ForRequestedType<DatabaseManager>(); container.ForRequestedType<IDatabase>().TheDefaultIsConcreteType<SqlDatabase>(); });
Time(() => { var manager = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<DatabaseManager>(); manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER"); }); } }



6、Ninject：



public class NinjectRunner : RunnerBase, IRunner { protected override string Name { get { return "Ninject"; } }
public void Start(RunType runType) { IKernel kernel = new StandardKernel(new MyNinjectModule(runType));
Time(() => { var manager = kernel.Get<DatabaseManager>(); manager.Search("SELECT * FROM USER"); }); } }



客户端测试程序



static void Main(string[] args) { CodeTimer.Initialize();
Console.WriteLine("IOC - Singleton"); // Autofac Singleton RunManager.Start(new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Singleton); // Castle Windsor RunManager.Start(new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Singleton); // Unity RunManager.Start(new UnityRunner(), RunType.Singleton); // Spring.NET RunManager.Start(new SpringRunner(), RunType.Singleton); // StructureMap RunManager.Start(new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Singleton); // Ninject RunManager.Start(new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Singleton);
Console.WriteLine("==================================="); Console.WriteLine("IOC - Transient"); // Autofac Singleton RunManager.Start(new AutofacRunner(), RunType.Transient); // Castle Windsor RunManager.Start(new WindsorRunner(), RunType.Transient); // Unity RunManager.Start(new UnityRunner(), RunType.Transient); // Spring.NET RunManager.Start(new SpringRunner(), RunType.Transient); // StructureMap RunManager.Start(new StructureMapRunner(), RunType.Transient); // Ninject RunManager.Start(new NinjectRunner(), RunType.Transient);
Console.ReadKey(); }



通过修改App.config的Iteration配置值，来设置迭代次数。

<appSettings> <add key="Iteration" value="100000" /> </appSettings>

运行结果

1、Iteration=1000：





分析：在千数量级时，Autofac，CastleWindsor、StructureMap基本差不多，效率上比其他的要高。

2、Iteration=10000：





分析：在万数量级时，Autofac，CastleWindsor，StructureMap基本效率还是差不多，其中StructureMap效率稍稍有些下降；Spring.NET以及Ninject的性能比较低。

3、Iteration=100000：





分析：在十万数量级时，CastleWindsor的效率开始下降，而在Transient方面，StructureMap和Autofac基本差不多。

4、Iteration=1000000：





分析：在百万数量级时，Autofac和StructureMap两者还是保持比较高的效率，并且在Transient方面，StructureMap已经超过了Autofac。

总结：从测试中，可以看出Autofac和StructureMap在性能上面还是体现出比较大的优势，Ninject可以说性能上较低。而Spring.NET不仅仅专注于IOC方面，它还专注于其他方方面面的功能，所以在IOC方面的性能不是太高。另外，微软的Unity中规中矩，性能较为稳定，也是一个不错的选择。另外，可能测试程序会有所偏差，希望大家也能够指出问题！

测试程序源代码：IOCPerformanceTest.rar