expect ssh ftp

expect是一种能够按照脚本内容里面设定的方式与交互式程序进行“会话”的程序。根据脚本内容，Expect可以知道程序会提示或反馈什么内容以及
什么是正确的应答。它是一种可以提供“分支和嵌套结构”来引导程序流程的解释型脚本语言。 shell功能很强大,但是不能实现有交互功能的多机器之前的操作,例如ssh和ftp.而expect可以帮助我们来实现.
一,安装expectyum install expect

其实expect根bash形势上差不多的.二,实例1,ssh实现自动登录,并停在登录服务器上

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] //接收第一个参数,并设置IP

set password [lindex $argv 1 ] //接收第二个参数,并设置密码

set timeout 10 //设置超时时间

spawn ssh root@$ip //发送ssh请滶

expect { //返回信息匹配

"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue} //第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续

"*password:" { send "$password\r" } //出现密码提示,发送密码

}

interact //交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面.

运行结果如下:

root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./test.exp 192.168.1.130 admin

spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130

Last login: Fri Sep 7 10:47:43 2012 from 192.168.1.142

[root@linux ~]#

这个例子有统一的接口,根据IP和密码可以连接到不同的机器.如果你嫌输入IP和密码麻烦,看下面的例子

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

set ip 192.168.1.130

set password admin

set timeout 10

spawn ssh root@$ip

expect {

"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}

"*password:" { send "$password\r" }

}

interact

运行结果如下:

root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./web.exp

spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130

Last login: Fri Sep 7 12:59:02 2012 from 192.168.1.142

[root@linux ~]#

2,ssh远程登录到服务器,并且执行命令,执行完后并退出

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

set ip 192.168.1.130

set password admin

set timeout 10

spawn ssh root@$ip

expect {

"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}

"*password:" { send "$password\r" }

}

expect "#*"

send "pwd\r"

send "exit\r"

expect eof

运行结果如下:

root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./test3.exp

spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130

root@192.168.1.130's password:

Last login: Fri Sep 7 14:05:07 2012 from 116.246.27.90

[root@localhost ~]# pwd

/root

[root@localhost ~]# exit

logout

Connection to 192.168.1.130 closed.

3,远程登录到ftp,并且下载文件

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]

set dir [lindex $argv 1 ]

set file [lindex $argv 2 ]

set timeout 10

spawn ftp $ip

expect "Name*"

send "zwh\r"

expect "Password:*"

send "zwh\r"

expect "ftp>*"

send "lcd $dir\r"

expect {

"*file" { send_user "local $_dir No such file or directory";send "quit\r" }

"*now*" { send "get $dir/$file $dir/$file\r"}

}

expect {

"*Failed" { send_user "remote $file No such file";send "quit\r" }

"*OK" { send_user "$file has been download\r";send "quit\r"}

}

expect eof

运行结果如下:

root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./test2.exp 192.168.1.130 /var/www/www aaa.html

spawn ftp 192.168.1.130

Connected to 192.168.1.130.

220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)

Name (192.168.1.130:root): zwh

331 Please specify the password.

Password:

230 Login successful.

Remote system type is UNIX.

Using binary mode to transfer files.

ftp> lcd /var/www/www

Local directory now /var/www/www

ftp> get /var/www/www/aaa.html /var/www/www/aaa.html

local: /var/www/www/aaa.html remote: /var/www/www/aaa.html

200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.

150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for /var/www/www/aaa.html (66 bytes).

226 File send OK.

66 bytes received in 0.00 secs (515.6 kB/s)

quit aaa.html has been download

221 Goodbye.