mysql的安装、配置、优化
2020-02-01 11:06
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mysql的安装、配置、优化
通过yum的方式来进行mysql的数据库安装
1、输入命令 yum list | grep mysql查看yum上提供的MySQL数据库可下载的版本
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# yum list | grep mysql akonadi-mysql.x86_64 1.9.2-4.el7 base apr-util-mysql.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base calligra-kexi-driver-mysql.x86_64 2.9.10-2.el7 epel collectd-mysql.x86_64 5.8.1-1.el7 epel dmlite-plugins-mysql.x86_64 1.13.2-2.el7 epel dovecot-mysql.x86_64 1:2.2.36-3.el7_7.1 updates dpm-copy-server-mysql.x86_64 1.13.0-1.el7 epel dpm-name-server-mysql.x86_64 1.13.0-1.el7 epel dpm-server-mysql.x86_64 1.13.0-1.el7 epel dpm-srm-server-mysql.x86_64 1.13.0-1.el7 epel dspam-mysql.x86_64 3.10.2-12.el7 epel exim-mysql.x86_64 4.92.3-1.el7 epel freeradius-mysql.x86_64 3.0.13-10.el7_6 base fts-mysql.x86_64 3.8.4-2.el7 epel gnokii-smsd-mysql.x86_64 0.6.31-17.el7 epel holland-mysql.noarch 1.1.18-1.el7 epel holland-mysqldump.noarch 1.1.18-1.el7 epel holland-mysqllvm.noarch 1.1.18-1.el7 epel lfc-server-mysql.x86_64 1.13.0-1.el7 epel libdbi-dbd-mysql.x86_64 0.8.3-16.el7 base libgda-mysql.x86_64 1:5.2.2-7.el7 epel libnss-mysql.x86_64 1.5-19.el7 epel libodb-mysql.x86_64 2.3.0-1.el7 epel libodb-mysql-devel.x86_64 2.3.0-1.el7 epel lighttpd-mod_authn_mysql.x86_64 1.4.54-1.el7 epel lighttpd-mod_mysql_vhost.x86_64 1.4.54-1.el7 epel mysql++.x86_64 3.1.0-12.el7 epel mysql++-devel.x86_64 3.1.0-12.el7 epel mysql++-manuals.x86_64 3.1.0-12.el7 epel mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:5.1.25-3.el7 base mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 5.2.5-8.el7 base mysql-connector-python.noarch 1.1.6-1.el7 epel mysql-mmm.noarch 2.2.1-15.el7 epel mysql-mmm-agent.noarch 2.2.1-15.el7 epel mysql-mmm-monitor.noarch 2.2.1-15.el7 epel mysql-mmm-tools.noarch 2.2.1-15.el7 epel mysql-proxy.x86_64 0.8.5-2.el7 epel mysql-proxy-devel.x86_64 0.8.5-2.el7 epel mysql-utilities.noarch 1.3.6-1.el7 epel mysqlreport.noarch 3.5-11.el7 epel mysqltuner.noarch 1.7.13-1.git.59e5f40.el7 epel nagios-plugins-mysql.x86_64 2.2.2-2.20190926git1b8ad57.el7 epel nextcloud-mysql.noarch 10.0.4-2.el7 epel nodejs-mysql.noarch 2.3.2-1.el7 epel opendbx-mysql.x86_64 1.4.6-6.el7 epel opensips-mysql.x86_64 1.10.5-4.el7 epel owncloud-mysql.noarch 9.1.5-1.el7 epel pcp-pmda-mysql.x86_64 4.3.2-3.el7_7 updates pdns-backend-mysql.x86_64 4.1.11-1.el7 epel perdition-mysql.x86_64 2.2-2.el7 epel perl-Test-mysqld.noarch 0.21-1.el7 epel php-mysql.x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates php-mysqlnd.x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates php-pear-MDB2-Driver-mysql.noarch 1.5.0-0.8.b4.el7 epel php-pear-MDB2-Driver-mysqli.noarch 1.5.0-0.8.b4.el7 epel poco-mysql.x86_64 1.6.1-3.el7 epel preludedb-mysql.x86_64 5.0.0-1.el7 epel proftpd-mysql.x86_64 1.3.5e-7.el7 epel python36-mysql.x86_64 1.3.12-2.el7 epel python36-mysql-debug.x86_64 1.3.12-2.el7 epel qt-mysql.i686 1:4.8.7-3.el7_6 base qt-mysql.x86_64 1:4.8.7-3.el7_6 base qt5-qtbase-mysql.i686 5.9.7-2.el7 base qt5-qtbase-mysql.x86_64 5.9.7-2.el7 base redland-mysql.x86_64 1.0.16-6.el7 base root-sql-mysql.x86_64 6.18.04-1.el7 epel rsyslog-mysql.x86_64 8.24.0-41.el7_7.2 updates soci-mysql.x86_64 3.2.3-1.el7 epel soci-mysql-devel.x86_64 3.2.3-1.el7 epel tcl-mysqltcl.x86_64 3.052-1.el7 epel voms-mysql-plugin.x86_64 3.1.7-5.el7 epel wt-dbo-mysql.x86_64 3.3.9-1.el7 epel zabbix22-dbfiles-mysql.noarch 2.2.23-1.el7 epel zabbix22-proxy-mysql.x86_64 2.2.23-1.el7 epel zabbix22-server-mysql.x86_64 2.2.23-1.el7 epel zabbix22-web-mysql.noarch 2.2.23-1.el7 epel zabbix30-dbfiles-mysql.noarch 3.0.22-2.el7 epel zabbix30-proxy-mysql.x86_64 3.0.22-2.el7 epel zabbix30-server-mysql.x86_64 3.0.22-2.el7 epel zabbix30-web-mysql.noarch 3.0.22-2.el7 epel zabbix40-dbfiles-mysql.noarch 4.0.12-1.el7 epel zabbix40-proxy-mysql.x86_64 4.0.12-1.el7 epel zabbix40-server-mysql.x86_64 4.0.12-1.el7 epel zabbix40-web-mysql.noarch 4.0.12-1.el7 epel [root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]#
2、然后输入yum install -y mysql-server mysql mysql-devel 命令将mysql mysql-server mysql-devel都安装好
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# yum install -y mysql-server mysql mysql-devel
3、启动MySQL服务，输入service mysqld start命令可启动MySQL服务。
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# service mysqld start 初始化 MySQL 数据库： WARNING: The host 'xiaoluo' could not be looked up with resolveip. This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work. This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames when specifying MySQL privileges ! Installing MySQL system tables... OK Filling help tables... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h xiaoluo password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with: cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe & You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd /usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script![确定] 正在启动 mysqld： [确定]
4、现在我们可以查看一下MySQL服务是否为开机自启动
命令：chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
此时mysqld并不是开机自启动，我们可以将其设置为开机自启动。
命令：chkconfig mysqld on
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
这样我们就不必每次都手动启动了。
5、MySQL 数据库安装完以后只会有一个root管理员账号，此时的root账号并没有密码，所以需要给我们的root账号设置密码。
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 'root02' //设置密码为root02
此时可以使用账号密码登陆mysql数据了
命令： mysql -u root -p**
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.5.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
6、如何修改root密码
方法1： 用SET PASSWORD命令
mysql -u root
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpass');
方法2：用mysqladmin
已设置密码：mysqladmin -u root password "newpass"
未设置密码：mysqladmin -u root password oldpass "newpass"
方法3： 用UPDATE直接编辑user表
mysql -u root
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpass') WHERE user = 'root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
在丢失root密码的时候，可以这样
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables&
mysql -u root mysql
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD("new password") WHERE user='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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