Django+Vue实现WebSocket连接
近期有一需求：前端页面点击执行任务，实时显示后端执行情况，思考一波；发现WebSocket最适合做这件事。

效果
测试ping www.baidu.com效果

点击连接建立ws连接

socket.gif

后端实现
所需软件包

后端主要借助DjangoChannels实现socket连接，官网文档链接

这里想实现每个连接进来加入组进行广播，所以还需要引入channels-redis。

pip

channels2.2.0
channels-redis2.4.0
引入

settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
‘django.contrib.admin’,
‘django.contrib.auth’,
‘django.contrib.contenttypes’,
‘django.contrib.sessions’,
‘django.contrib.messages’,
‘django.contrib.staticfiles’,
‘rest_framework.authtoken’,
‘rest_framework’,
…
‘channels’,
]

Redis配置

REDIS_HOST = ENV_DICT.get(‘REDIS_HOST’, ‘127.0.0.1’)
REDIS_PORT = ENV_DICT.get(‘REDIS_PORT’, 6379)
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
“default”: {
“BACKEND”: “channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer”,
“CONFIG”: {
“hosts”: [(REDIS_HOST, REDIS_PORT)],
},
},
}
代码

apps/consumers.py

新建一个消费处理

实现： 默认连接加入组，发送信息时的处理。

from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer

class MyConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
def connect(self):
“”"
每个任务作为一个频道
默认进入对应任务执行频道
“”"
self.job_name = self.scope[‘url_route’][‘kwargs’][‘job_name’]
self.job_group_name = ‘job_%s’ % self.job_name
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)(
self.job_group_name,
self.channel_name
)
self.accept()

def disconnect(self, close_code):
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)(
self.job_group_name,
self.channel_name
)

# job.message类型处理
def job_message(self, event):

# 默认发送收到信息
self.send(text_data=event["text"])

apps/routing.py

ws类型路由

实现：ws/job/<job_name>由MyConsumer去处理。

from . import consumers
from django.urls import path
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from channels.sessions import SessionMiddlewareStack

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
‘websocket’: SessionMiddlewareStack(
URLRouter(
[
path(‘ws/job/str:job_name’, consumers.MyConsumer)
]
)
),
})
apps/views.py

在执行命令中获取webSocket消费通道，进行异步推送

使用异步推送async_to_sync是因为在连接的时候采用的异步连接，所以推送必须采用异步推送。
因为执行任务时间过长，启动触发运行时加入多线程，直接先返回ok，后端运行任务。
from subprocess import Popen,PIPE
import threading

def runPopen(job):
“”"
执行命令,返回popen
“”"
path = os.path
Path = path.abspath(path.join(BASE_DIR, path.pardir))
script_path = path.abspath(path.join(Path,‘run.sh’))
cmd = “sh %s %s” % (script_path, job)
return Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)

def runScript(job):
channel_layer = get_channel_layer()
group_name = “job_%s” % job

popen = runPopen(job)
while True:
output = popen.stdout.readline()
if output == '' and popen.poll() is not None:
break

if output:
output_text = str(output.strip())
async_to_sync(
channel_layer.group_send
)(
group_name,
{"type": "job.message", "text": output_text}
)
else:
err  = popen.stderr.readline()
err_text = str(err.strip())
async_to_sync(
channel_layer.group_send
)(
group_name,
{"type": "job.message", "text": err_text}
)
break

class StartJob(APIView):
def get(self, request, job=None):
run = threading.Thread(target=runScript, args=(job,))
run.start()
return HttpResponse(‘ok’)
apps/urls.py

get请求就能启动任务

urlpatterns = [
…
path(‘start_job/str:job’, StartJob.as_view())
]
前端实现
所需软件包

vue-native-websocket
代码实现

plugins/vueNativeWebsocket.js

import Vue from ‘vue’
import VueNativeSock from ‘…/utils/socket/Main.js’

export default function ({ store }) {
Vue.use(VueNativeSock, ‘http://localhost:8000/ws/job’, {connectManually: true,});
}
nuxt.config.js

配置文件引入， 这里我使用的是nuxt框架

plugins: [
{
src: ‘@/plugins/vueNativeWebsocket.js’,
***: false
},
],
封装socket

export default (connection_url, option) => {
// 事件
let event = [‘message’, ‘close’, ‘error’, ‘open’];

// 拷贝选项字典
let opts = Object.assign({}, option);

// 定义实例字典
let instance = {

// socket实例
socket: '',

// 是否连接状态
is_conncet: false,

// 具体连接方法
connect: function() {
if(connection_url) {
let scheme = window.location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss' : 'ws'
connection_url = scheme + '://' + connection_url.split('://')[1];
this.socket = new WebSocket(connection_url);
this.initEvent();
}else{
console.log('wsurl為空');
}
},

// 初始化事件
initEvent: function() {
for(let i = 0; i < event.length; i++){
this.addListener(event[i]);
}
},

// 判断事件
addListener: function(event) {
this.socket.addEventListener(event, (e) => {
switch(event){
case 'open':
this.is_conncet = true;
break;
case 'close':
this.is_conncet = false;
break;
}
typeof opts[event] == 'function' && opts[event](e);
});
},

// 发送方法，失败则回调
send: function(data, closeCallback) {
console.log('socket ---> ' + data)
if(this.socket.readyState >= 2) {
console.log('ws已经关闭');
closeCallback && closeCallback();
}else{
this.socket.send(data);
}
}

};

// 调用连接方法
instance.connect();
return instance;

}
index.vue

具体代码

x2Str方法，因为后端返回的是bytes，格式b’xxx’，编写了方法对其进行转换。

<el-button type="primary" @click="runFunction" >执行</el-button>
<el-button type="primary"  @click="connectWebSock" >显示</el-button>

<div class="socketView">
<span v-for="i in socketMessage" :key="i">{{i}}</span>
</div>

}

至此，实现前后端websocket通讯。