name: play2
hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
vars:
var_name: value
tasks:

name: echo
shell: "echo {{var_name}}"

name: echo
shell: "echo {{var_name}}"

.在变更时执行操作（handlers）
notify：在任务结束时触发
handlers：由特定条件触发Tasks

hosts: webservers
gather_facts: no

tasks:

• name: Copy nginx configuration file
  copy:
  src: ./site.conf
  dest: /etc/nginx/conf.d/site.conf
  notify:

  reload nginx ------》当配置文件改变时通知重启nginx服务

handlers:

• name: reload nginx
  service: name=nginx state=reloaded

.任务控制（tags）
在每一个任务中添加tags标签，可以根据指定的tags运行相应的任务。

• hosts: webservers
  gather_facts: no
  vars:
  hello: Ansible

  tasks:

  name: Add repo
  yum_repository:
  name: nginx
  description: nginx repo
  baseurl: http://nginx.org/packages/centos/2/$basearch/
  gpgcheck: no
  enabled: 1
• name: Install nginx
  yum:
  name: nginx
  state: latest
  tags: install
• name: Copy nginx configuration file
  copy:
  src: ./site.conf
  dest: /etc/nginx/conf.d/site.conf
  tags: congiuration
• name: Start nginx
  service:
  name: nginx
  state: started
• name: Create wwwroot directory
  file:
  dest: /var/www/html
  state: directory
• name: Create test page index.html
  shell: echo "hello {{hello}}" > /var/www/html/index.html
  指定tags运行：
  [root@salt-master ansible-playbook]# ansible-playbook nginx.yml --tags "congiuration"

PLAY [webservers] ***

TASK [Copy nginx configuration file] ****
ok: [192.128.132.12]
ok: [192.128.132.14]

PLAY RECAP **
192.128.132.14 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.128.132.12 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0

.Playbook文件调试
语法检查：ansible-playbook main.yml --syntax-check

打印语句：

• hosts: webservers
  tasks: debug:
  msg: {{group_names}}
• debug:
  msg: {{inventory_hostname}}
• debug:
  msg: {{ansible_hostname}}

.案例：自动部署Tomcat

• hosts: 192.128.132.12
  gather_facts: no
  vars:
  tomcat_version: 8.1.33
  tomcat_install_dir: /usr/local

  tasks:

  name: Install jdk1.8
  yum: name=java-1.8.0-openjdk state=present

• name: Download tomcat
  get_url: url=http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v{{ tomcat_version }}/bin/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}.tar.gz dest=/tmp

• name: Unarchive tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}.tar.gz
  unarchive:
  src: /tmp/apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }}.tar.gz
  dest: "{{ tomcat_install_dir }}"
  copy: no

• name: Start tomcat
  shell: cd {{ tomcat_install_dir }} &&
  mv apache-tomcat-{{ tomcat_version }} tomcat8 &&
  cd tomcat8/bin && nohup ./startup.sh &

第 2 章 Playbook定义变量与使用

.命令行
.在Inventory中定义
.在Playbook中定义

在Playbook中定义变量

hosts: webservers
gather_facts: no
vars:
var_name: value
var_name: value
tasks:

• name: hello
  shell: "echo {{var_name}}"

.在Role中定义
.注册变量（register）

注册变量

• hosts: webservers
  gather_facts: no
  tasks: name: Get date
  command: date +"%F_%T"
  register: date_output
• name: Echo date_output
  command: touch /tmp/{{date_output.stdout}}

.系统信息变量（facts）

系统变量

hosts: webservers
tasks:

• name: Get hostname
  debug: msg={{ansible_hostname}}

  第 3 章 Playbook文件复用

  .include & import 区别
  include（动态）：在运行时导入
  • --list-tags，--list-tasks不会显示到输出
  • 不能使用notify触发来自include内处理程序名称（handlers）

import*（静态）：在Playbook解析时预先导入
• 不能与循环一起使用
• 将变量用于目标文件或角色名称时，不能使用inventory（主机/主机组等）中的变量

import_playbook

includetasks & importtasks

4. 第 4 章 Playbook流程控制

条件

• hosts: webservers

  tasks:

  name: Host 192.168.132.16 run this task
  debug: msg="{{ansible_default_ipv4.address}}"
  when: ansible_default_ipv4.address == '192.168.132.16'
  只执行该任务，跳过其他主机。

根据不同发行版安装apache服务

• hosts: webservers

  tasks:

  name: Update apache version - yum
  yum: name=httpd state=present
  when: ansible_pkg_mgr == 'yum'
  notify: restart httpd

• name: Update apache version - apt
  apt: name=apache2 state=present update_cache=yes
  when: ansible_pkg_mgr == 'apt'
  notify: restart apache2

handlers:

• name: restart httpd
  service: name=httpd state=restared
  handlers:
• name: restart apache2
  service: name=apache2 state=restared
  tasks:

name: "shut down CentOS 6 systems"
command: /sbin/shutdown -t now
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS"
• ansible_distribution_major_version == "6"

循环

• name: with_list
  debug:
  msg: "{{ item }}"
  with_list:

  one
• two

one
• two

name: with_items
debug:
msg: "{{ item }}"
with_items: "{{ items }}"

name: with_list
user: name={{item}} state=present
with_list: test1
• test2

  5. 第 5 章 Playbook模板（jinja2）

  5.1 .条件和循环

  test.yml

hosts: webservers
vars:
hello: Ansible

tasks:

template: src=f.j2 dest=/tmp/f.j2

f.j2

{% set list=['one', 'two', 'three'] %}

{% for i in list %}
{% if i == 'two' %}
-> two
{% elif loop.index == 3 %}
-> 3
{% else %}
{{i}}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}

{{ hello }}
{% set dict={'zhangsan': '26', 'lisi': '25'} %}
{% for key, value in dict.iteritems() %}
{{key}} -> {{value}}
{% endfor %}

5.2 .案例：管理Nginx配置文件

main.yml

• hosts: webservers
  gather_facts: no
  vars:
  http_port: 80
  server_name: www.ctnrs.com

  tasks:

  name: Copy nginx configuration file
  template: src=site.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/conf.d/www.ctnrs.com.conf
  notify: reload nginx

handlers:

• name: reload nginx
  service: name=nginx state=reloaded

site.conf.j2

{% set list=[10, 12, 13, 25, 31] %}
upstream {{server_name}} {
{% for i in list %}
server 192.168.1.{{i}}:80;
{% endfor %}
}
server {
listen {{ http_port }};
server_name {{ server_name }};

location / {
proxy_pass http://{{server_name}};
}

}