您的位置：首页 > 其它

1121Selenium web自动化测试经验分享-模拟键盘操作的三种类；推荐使用pykeyboard包

2018-11-21 13:11 405 查看

在Web自动化测试中，有时候会用键盘来输入内容，没那么常用，但分享下我爬的坑。

第一个：keys模块
WebDriver中对键盘的操作都封装在Keys类中；

一直到20号前我还没接触过下面讲的pykeyboard模块，所以一直有几个问题没能搞定：

1.CTRL + 数字键切换标签页；2. F11全屏和F5刷新；

第二个：PyKeyboard类推荐掌握
https://github.com/SavinaRoja/PyUserInput 项目地址

早上接触个把小时，尝试、实践之后，就决定尽快分享出来。目前我所想到的所有键盘操作，都能做到，真的好强大！

第三个：action_chains模块

22号晚上坐公交回家，看到有人问到ActionChains类下key_down()、key_up()方法没能实现键盘操作，我才留意到这个类下面也有类似的方法，23号早上来实践、分享下。

一）Keys类(keys模块)

selenium 本身提供了一整套的模拟键盘操作事件，
需要先导入键盘模块：from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

一）单个键盘按键

输入TAB、ENTER、PageDown、PageUp、BACKSPACE、 SPACE、HOME、END、DELETE、ARROW_DOWN、ARROW_UP、ARROW_LEFT、ARROW_RIGHT

键盘 F1 到 F12：send_keys(Keys.F1) 把 F1 改成对应的快捷键

a）BACKSPACE

def test_36b1(self):
"""BACK_SPACE、BACKSPACE 删除键"""
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('https://github.com/login')
driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('zyoooo12')
time.sleep(1)

# BACKSPACE = '\ue003'
# BACK_SPACE = BACKSPACE
driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys(Keys.BACK_SPACE)
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys(Keys.BACKSPACE)
time.sleep(2)
driver.quit()

b）ENTER、PageDown、PageUp

def test_36d(self):
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('Python')

self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
time.sleep(2)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.PAGE_UP)
time.sleep(1)
driver.quit()

c） SPACE、HOME、END、DELETE

def test_36b2(self):
"""SPACE HOME END DELETE"""
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.get('https://github.com/login')

driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('zy123')
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys(Keys.SPACE)
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('aaa')
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys(Keys.SPACE)
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('987')
time.sleep(1)

driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys(Keys.HOME)
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id("login_field").send_keys(Keys.DELETE)
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('一下')
driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys(Keys.SPACE)
time.sleep(1)

driver.find_element_by_id("login_field").send_keys(Keys.END)
driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys(Keys.SPACE)
driver.find_element_by_id("login_field").send_keys('再试试')
time.sleep(1)

driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys(Keys.HOME)
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id("login_field").send_keys(Keys.DELETE)
time.sleep(1)
driver.quit()

e）F1到F12

下图是失败的

def test_37(self):
"""键盘F1到F12：send_keys(Keys.F1) 把F1改成对应的快捷键"""
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# driver.maximize_window()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('Python')
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').click()
time.sleep(2)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.F11)      # 谷歌浏览器的F11是全屏
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

f）方向键 ARROW_DOWN、ARROW_UP、ARROW_LEFT、ARROW_RIGHT

def test_fangxiang1(self):
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('Python')
time.sleep(1)

self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN)

time.sleep(1)

self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)

time.sleep(1)

self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)

time.sleep(1)

self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_RIGHT)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_RIGHT)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_RIGHT)

time.sleep(1)
driver.quit()

def test_fangxiang2(self):
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.set_window_size(900, 700)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('Python')
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').click()
time.sleep(2)

self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN)

time.sleep(1)

self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)

time.sleep(1)

self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_RIGHT)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_RIGHT)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_RIGHT)

time.sleep(1)

self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
time.sleep(1)

driver.quit()

d）Tab

模拟tab按键的操作，需要对前面输入框send_keys(Keys.TAB,‘XXXX’) 'XXXX’是后面输入框要输入的内容

def test_36tab(self):
"""tab"""
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.maximize_window()
self.driver.get("https://mail.qq.com/")
self.driver.switch_to.frame('login_frame')
self.xin_find_element(self.driver, By.ID, 'switcher_plogin').click()
self.xin_find_element(self.driver, By.ID, 'u').send_keys('6666')

self.xin_find_element(self.driver, By.ID, 'u').send_keys(Keys.TAB, 'abcd')
time.sleep(2)
self.driver.quit()

下图是失败的

def test_36tab1(self):
"""tab 失败 没能实现预期结果"""
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.maximize_window()
self.driver.get("https://mail.qq.com/")
self.driver.switch_to.frame('login_frame')
self.xin_find_element(self.driver, By.ID, 'switcher_plogin').click()
self.xin_find_element(self.driver, By.ID, 'u').send_keys('6666')

self.xin_find_element(self.driver, By.ID, 'u').send_keys(Keys.TAB)
self.xin_find_element(self.driver, By.ID, 'u').send_keys('cuowu')

time.sleep(2)
self.driver.quit()

不建议掌握，容易混淆：

def test_36b3(self):
"""一次发送多个按键命令"""
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.get('https://github.com/login')
driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('zy123')
time.sleep(1)

driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys(Keys.HOME, Keys.DELETE, Keys.NUMPAD0, Keys.SPACE, '你')
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys(Keys.BACKSPACE, Keys.NUMPAD8)
time.sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id("login_field").send_keys(Keys.END, Keys.SPACE, '再试试', Keys.NUMPAD5)
time.sleep(1)
driver.quit()

二）组合按键

复制 Ctrl+C：send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,‘c’)
粘贴 Ctrl+V：send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,‘v’)
全选 Ctrl+A：send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,‘a’)
剪切 Ctrl+X：send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,‘x’)

def test_38(self):
"""复制粘贴全选剪切"""
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('Python')
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'a')
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'c')
time.sleep(1)

self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').clear()
time.sleep(1)

self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'v')
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'a')
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'x')
time.sleep(1)
driver.quit()

三）其他思路

不导入keys模块，使用特定字符串来实现操作

Keys类源码：

class Keys(object):
"""
Set of special keys codes.
"""

NULL = '\ue000'
CANCEL = '\ue001'  # ^break
HELP = '\ue002'
BACKSPACE = '\ue003'
BACK_SPACE = BACKSPACE
TAB = '\ue004'
CLEAR = '\ue005'
RETURN = '\ue006'
ENTER = '\ue007'
SHIFT = '\ue008'
LEFT_SHIFT = SHIFT
CONTROL = '\ue009'
LEFT_CONTROL = CONTROL
ALT = '\ue00a'
LEFT_ALT = ALT
PAUSE = '\ue00b'
ESCAPE = '\ue00c'
SPACE = '\ue00d'
PAGE_UP = '\ue00e'
PAGE_DOWN = '\ue00f'
END = '\ue010'
HOME = '\ue011'
LEFT = '\ue012'
ARROW_LEFT = LEFT
UP = '\ue013'
ARROW_UP = UP
RIGHT = '\ue014'
ARROW_RIGHT = RIGHT
DOWN = '\ue015'
ARROW_DOWN = DOWN
INSERT = '\ue016'
DELETE = '\ue017'
SEMICOLON = '\ue018'
EQUALS = '\ue019'

NUMPAD0 = '\ue01a'  # number pad keys
NUMPAD1 = '\ue01b'
NUMPAD2 = '\ue01c'
NUMPAD3 = '\ue01d'
NUMPAD4 = '\ue01e'
NUMPAD5 = '\ue01f'
NUMPAD6 = '\ue020'
NUMPAD7 = '\ue021'
NUMPAD8 = '\ue022'
NUMPAD9 = '\ue023'
MULTIPLY = '\ue024'
ADD = '\ue025'
SEPARATOR = '\ue026'
SUBTRACT = '\ue027'
DECIMAL = '\ue028'
DIVIDE = '\ue029'

F1 = '\ue031'  # function  keys
F2 = '\ue032'
F3 = '\ue033'
F4 = '\ue034'
F5 = '\ue035'
F6 = '\ue036'
F7 = '\ue037'
F8 = '\ue038'
F9 = '\ue039'
F10 = '\ue03a'
F11 = '\ue03b'
F12 = '\ue03c'

META = '\ue03d'
COMMAND = '\ue03d'

def test_te(self):
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('Python')
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'su').send_keys('\ue007')  # enter
time.sleep(2)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('\ue00f')  # PageDown
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('\ue00e')  # PageUp
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('\ue011')  # Home
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('\ue017')  # Delete
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('\ue010')  # End
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('\ue00d')  # Space
time.sleep(1)
self.xin_find_element(driver, By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('123')
time.sleep(2)
driver.quit()

二）PyKeyboard类 (pykeyboard包、PyUserInput项目)

这个模块很好使，很推荐，但是有几个坑：

1.这个Python库是跨平台支持的，但是对应不同平台，需要先安装依赖库。
其中 Windows - pywin32, pyHook

2.pyHook安装
直接pip install pyHook是找不到相关包的。
https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pyhook 可以下载适合你电脑Python版本的.whl文件，再进行安装

3.安装PyUserInput

4.语法

键盘操作：tap_key() 单个输入和 press_keys() 组合输入
输入内容 type_string() 中文输入感觉有问题

[下方源码]

def tap_key(self, character='', n=1, interval=0):
"""Press and release a given character key n times."""
for i in range(n):
self.press_key(character)
self.release_key(character)
time.sleep(interval)

def press_keys(self,characters=[]):
"""Press a given character key."""
for character in characters:
self.press_key(character)
for character in characters:
self.release_key(character)

def type_string(self, char_string, interval=0):
"""
A convenience method for typing longer strings of characters. Generates
as few Shift events as possible."""
shift = False
for char in char_string:
if self.is_char_shifted(char):
if not shift:  # Only press Shift as needed
time.sleep(interval)
self.press_key(self.shift_key)
shift = True
#In order to avoid tap_key pressing Shift, we need to pass the
#unshifted form of the character
if char in '<>?:"{}|~!@#$%^&*()_+':
ch_index = '<>?:"{}|~!@#$%^&*()_+'.index(char)
unshifted_char = ",./;'[]\\`1234567890-="[ch_index]
else:
unshifted_char = char.lower()
time.sleep(interval)
self.tap_key(unshifted_char)
else:  # Unshifted already
if shift and char != ' ':  # Only release Shift as needed
self.release_key(self.shift_key)
shift = False
time.sleep(interval)
self.tap_key(char)

[下方实例，没有写setUp和tearDown，直接写的用例]

BACKSPACE

def test_1(self):
"""BACK_SPACE、BACKSPACE 删除键"""
self.driver.get('https://github.com/login')
self.driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('zyoooo12')
time.sleep(1)

k11 = PyKeyboard()
k11.tap_key(k11.backspace_key)
time.sleep(1)
k11.tap_key(k11.backspace_key)
time.sleep(1)

def test_1b(self):
"""BACK_SPACE、BACKSPACE 删除键"""
self.driver.get('https://github.com/login')
self.driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('zyoooo12')
time.sleep(1)

k11 = PyKeyboard()
k11.tap_key(k11.backspace_key, n=2, interval=2)
time.sleep(1)

ENTER、PageDown、PageUp

def test_2(self):
"""ENTER、PageDown、PageUp"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('Python')

k12 = PyKeyboard()
k12.tap_key(k12.enter_key)
time.sleep(2)
k12.tap_key(k12.page_down_key)
time.sleep(1)
k12.tap_key(k12.page_up_key)
time.sleep(1)

SPACE、HOME、END、DELETE

def test_3(self):
"""SPACE、HOME、END、DELETE"""
self.driver.get('https://github.com/login')
self.driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('zy123zy')
time.sleep(1)

k13 = PyKeyboard()
k13.tap_key(k13.space_key)
time.sleep(1)

k13.type_string('987WO')      # 中文输入有问题
time.sleep(1)

k13.tap_key(k13.home_key)
time.sleep(1)

self.driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('我')
time.sleep(1)

k13.tap_key(k13.delete_key)
time.sleep(1)

k13.tap_key(k13.end_key)
time.sleep(1)

k13.type_string('nnn难难难')   # 中文输入有问题
time.sleep(1)

Chrome F5刷新 F11全屏 F1技术支持 F12开发者工具

def test_4(self):
"""Chrome F5刷新 F11全屏 F1技术支持 F12开发者工具"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")

k14 = PyKeyboard()
k14.tap_key(k14.function_keys[11])
time.sleep(1)
k14.tap_key(k14.function_keys[11])
time.sleep(1)

PyKeyboard().tap_key(k14.function_keys[5])
time.sleep(1)

k14.tap_key(k14.function_keys[12])
time.sleep(1)
k14.tap_key(k14.function_keys[12])
time.sleep(1)

k14.tap_key(k14.function_keys[1])
time.sleep(1)

def test_4b(self):
"""Chrome F5刷新 F11全屏 F1技术支持 F12开发者工具"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")

k14 = PyKeyboard()
k14.tap_key(k14.function_keys[11], n=2, interval=2)
time.sleep(1)

PyKeyboard().tap_key(k14.function_keys[5])
time.sleep(1)

k14.tap_key(k14.function_keys[12], 2, 2)
time.sleep(1)

k14.tap_key(k14.function_keys[1])
time.sleep(1)

方向键

def test_5(self):
"""方向键"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
self.driver.set_window_size(900, 700)
self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('Python')
self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
time.sleep(2)

k15 = PyKeyboard()
k15.tap_key(k15.down_key)
time.sleep(1)
k15.tap_key(k15.down_key)
time.sleep(1)
k15.tap_key(k15.down_key)
time.sleep(1)

k15.tap_key(k15.up_key)
time.sleep(1)
k15.tap_key(k15.up_key)
time.sleep(1)
k15.tap_key(k15.up_key)
time.sleep(1)

k15.tap_key(k15.right_key)
time.sleep(1)
k15.tap_key(k15.right_key)
time.sleep(1)
k15.tap_key(k15.right_key)
time.sleep(1)

k15.tap_key(k15.left_key)
time.sleep(1)
k15.tap_key(k15.left_key)
time.sleep(1)
k15.tap_key(k15.left_key)
time.sleep(1)

def test_5b(self):
"""方向键"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
self.driver.set_window_size(900, 700)
self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('Python')
self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
time.sleep(2)

k15 = PyKeyboard()
k15.tap_key(k15.down_key, n=3, interval=1)
time.sleep(1)

k15.tap_key(k15.up_key, n=3, interval=1)
time.sleep(1)

k15.tap_key(k15.right_key, 3, 1)
time.sleep(1)

k15.tap_key(k15.left_key, 3, 1)
time.sleep(1)

def test_6(self):
"""tab"""
self.driver.get("https://mail.qq.com/")
self.driver.switch_to.frame("login_frame")
self.driver.find_element_by_id("switcher_plogin").click()
self.driver.find_element_by_id("u").send_keys('987')

k16 = PyKeyboard()
k16.type_string('123@#$wwwWWW')

k16.tap_key(k16.tab_key)
time.sleep(1)

k16.type_string('abcdef')
time.sleep(1)

组合复制粘贴全选剪切

def test_7(self):
"""复制粘贴全选剪切"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
self.driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('python')

k17 = PyKeyboard()
k17.press_keys([k17.control_key, 'a'])
time.sleep(1)

k17.press_keys([k17.control_key, 'c'])
time.sleep(1)

self.driver.find_element_by_id('kw').clear()
time.sleep(1)

k17.press_keys([k17.control_key, 'v'])
time.sleep(1)

k17.press_keys([k17.control_key, 'a'])
k17.press_keys([k17.control_key, 'x'])
time.sleep(1)

谷歌浏览器其他快捷操作

def test_8(self):
"""谷歌浏览器 其他快捷操作"""
self.driver.get("https://mail.qq.com/")
time.sleep(1)

js6 = 'window.open("https://www.baidu.com/")'
self.driver.execute_script(js6)
time.sleep(1)

js8 = 'window.open("https://blog.csdn.net/zyooooxie")'
self.driver.execute_script(js8)
time.sleep(1.5)

k1 = PyKeyboard()
k1.press_keys([k1.control_key, '1'])    # 切换标签页
time.sleep(1)

k1.press_keys([k1.control_key, k1.shift_key, 'o'])  # 书签
time.sleep(1)

k1.press_keys([k1.control_key, k1.function_keys[4]])    # 关闭当前窗口
time.sleep(1)

k1.press_keys([k1.control_key, k1.shift_key, 't'])  # 恢复刚才网页
time.sleep(1)

三）ActionChains类(action_chains模块)

知道这个类，还是因为WebDriver操作鼠标方法学习到的。没想到这个类下面的某些方法，也能够模拟键盘操作。
“经验主义”害死人啊。

1.key_down() （和Keys类结合）

源码:

def key_down(self, value, element=None):
"""
Sends a key press only, without releasing it.
Should only be used with modifier keys (Control, Alt and Shift).

:Args:
- value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in `Keys` class.
- element: The element to send keys.
If None, sends a key to current focused element.

Example, pressing ctrl+c::

ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()

"""
if element:
self.click(element)
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.key_down(value)
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.pause()
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT,
{"value": keys_to_typing(value)}))
return self

通过注释可以了解到：key_down()这个方法 1. 只可以用到 keys (Control, Alt and Shift) ； 2.key_down()只是按下去；想恢复release，要结合key_up()；3.可以发送值到 current focused element，或者某个WebElement；

2.key_up()（和Keys类结合）

源码：

def key_up(self, value, element=None):
"""
Releases a modifier key.

:Args:
- value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class.
- element: The element to send keys.
If None, sends a key to current focused element.

Example, pressing ctrl+c::

ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()

"""
if element:
self.click(element)
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.key_up(value)
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.pause()
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT,
{"value": keys_to_typing(value)}))
return self

A.组合按键
结合这两个方法的举例，实践如下：

def test10b(self):
"""ActionChains类 组合按键"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
self.driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('python')
time.sleep(1)

action1 = ActionChains(self.driver)
action1.key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('a').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
time.sleep(1)

action1.key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('x').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
time.sleep(1)

action1.key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('v').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
time.sleep(1)

3.send_keys()（和Keys类结合）

源码：

def send_keys(self, *keys_to_send):
"""
Sends keys to current focused element.

:Args:
- keys_to_send: The keys to send.  Modifier keys constants can be found in the
'Keys' class.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.send_keys(keys_to_send)
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT, {'value': keys_to_typing(keys_to_send)}))
return self

通过注释可以了解到：send_keys()这个方法：发送值到 current focused element

在我理解中，current focused element 就是当前聚焦元素。

那么问题来了，打开浏览器，访问某网站后，current focused element 有吗？我感觉没有；查找定位某元素后呢，我感觉就有了。所以，send_keys() 发送的值是可以给浏览器吗？就是说send_keys() 是否可以实现对浏览器的操作呢？我的实践是不能。没能实现F5 F11 快捷操作。

B.单个按键
运用send_keys() 实践如下

def test10a7(self):
"""ActionChains类 send_keys(Keys.TAB,‘XXXX’)"""
self.driver.get("https://mail.qq.com/")
self.driver.switch_to.frame('login_frame')
self.driver.find_element_by_id('switcher_plogin').click()
self.driver.find_element_by_id('u').send_keys('6666')

action1 = ActionChains(self.driver)
action1.send_keys(Keys.TAB, 'abcdef').perform()
time.sleep(1)

方向键

def test10a62(self):
"""ActionChains类 方向键 上下左右 单步执行可以，结合一起容易出错"""
self.driver.get('https://github.com/login')
self.driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('zy123zy')
time.sleep(1)

action1 = ActionChains(self.driver)

action1.send_keys(Keys.HOME).perform()
time.sleep(1)

action1.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_RIGHT).perform()
time.sleep(1)
action1.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_RIGHT).perform()
time.sleep(1)

def test10a61(self):
"""ActionChains类 方向键 上下左右 单步执行可以，结合一起容易出错"""
self.driver.get('https://github.com/login')
self.driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('zy123zy')
time.sleep(1)

action1 = ActionChains(self.driver)
action1.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT).perform()
time.sleep(1)
action1.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT).perform()
time.sleep(1)

def test10a52(self):
"""ActionChains类 方向键 上下左右 单步执行可以，结合一起容易出错"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
self.driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('python')
self.driver.find_element_by_id('su').click()
time.sleep(2)
self.driver.find_element_by_id('su').send_keys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN)
time.sleep(1)

action1 = ActionChains(self.driver)
action1.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP).perform()
time.sleep(1)
action1.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP).perform()
time.sleep(1)

def test10a51(self):
"""ActionChains类 方向键 上下左右 单步执行可以，结合一起容易出错"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
self.driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('python')
self.driver.find_element_by_id('su').click()
time.sleep(2)

action1 = ActionChains(self.driver)
action1.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).perform()
time.sleep(1)
action1.send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).perform()
time.sleep(1)

PAGE_DOWN、PAGE_UP、ENTER

def test10a3(self):
"""ActionChains类 PAGE_DOWN PAGE_UP ENTER"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
self.driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('python')

action1 = ActionChains(self.driver)
action1.send_keys(Keys.ENTER).perform()
time.sleep(2)

action1.send_keys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN).perform()
time.sleep(1)

action1.send_keys(Keys.PAGE_UP).perform()
time.sleep(1)

BACKSPACE

def test10a2(self):
"""ActionChains类 BACKSPACE"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
self.driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('python')
time.sleep(1)

action1 = ActionChains(self.driver)
action1.send_keys(Keys.BACKSPACE).perform()
time.sleep(1)
action1.send_keys(Keys.BACKSPACE).perform()
time.sleep(1)

HOME、DELETE、END、SPACE

def test10a11(self):
"""ActionChains类 使用send_keys()发送 HOME END正常，但和send_keys()、Delete、Space结合就容易出问题"""
self.driver.get('https://github.com/login')
self.driver.find_element_by_id('login_field').send_keys('zy123zy')
time.sleep(1)

action1 = ActionChains(self.driver)
action1.send_keys(Keys.HOME).perform()
time.sleep(1)
action1.send_keys(Keys.DELETE).perform()
time.sleep(1)

action1.send_keys('987654').perform()
time.sleep(2)

def test10a1(self):
"""ActionChains类 使用send_keys()发送 HOME END正常，但和send_keys()、Delete、Space结合就容易出问题"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
self.driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('python')
time.sleep(1)

action1 = ActionChains(self.driver)
action1.send_keys(Keys.HOME).perform()
time.sleep(1)

action1.send_keys(Keys.END).perform()
time.sleep(1)

action1.send_keys(Keys.SPACE).perform()
time.sleep(1)
action1.send_keys('987654').perform()

time.sleep(2)

send_keys()简单运用

def test10(self):
"""ActionChains类 使用send_keys()发送"""
self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
self.driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('python')
time.sleep(1)

action1 = ActionChains(self.driver)
action1.send_keys('567').perform()
time.sleep(1)
action1.send_keys('abc').perform()

time.sleep(3)

ActionChains类没能成功模拟浏览器的快捷操作，就不做分享。

总结

ActionChains类的用例虽执行成功，但结果坑太多太多，不推荐使用。Keys类本该最简单，但是我始终找不准可以send_keys值的元素，所以也不推荐使用。

目前我只使用PyKeyboard类实现了我的所有键盘操作，就多推荐下。

交流技术欢迎+QQ 153132336 zy
欢迎关注微信公众号：紫云小站

内容来自用户分享和网络整理，不保证内容的准确性，如有侵权内容，可联系管理员处理

标签：

相关文章推荐

新的分享

章节导航