使用UI Automation实现自动化测试--7.1 （模拟键盘输入数据在自动化测试中的应用)

Chapter 7 Simulated keyboard

7.1模拟键盘输入

7.1.1 Introduction

此部分我们通过System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys类中的Send方法来模拟通过键盘输入数据到相应的控件中。

7.1.2 SendKeys Class Introduction（MSDN）

使用 SendKeys 将键击和组合键击发送到活动应用程序。此类无法实例化。若要发送一个键击给某个类并立即继续程序流，请使用Send。若要等待键击启动的任何进程，请使用SendWait。

每个键都由一个或多个字符表示。若要指定单个键盘字符，请使用该字符本身。例如，若要表示字母 A，请将字符串“A”传递给方法。若要表示多个字符，请将各个附加字符追加到它之前的字符的后面。若要表示字母 A、B和
C，请将参数指定为“ABC”。

加号 (+)、插入符号 (^)、百分号 (%)、波浪号 (~)以及圆括号 ( )
对 SendKeys具有特殊含义。若要指定这些字符中的某个字符，请将其放在大括号 ({})
内。例如，若要指定加号，请使用“{+}”。若要指定大括号字符，请使用“{{}”和“{}}”。中括号 ([ ])对
SendKeys 没有特殊含义，但必须将它们放在大括号内。在其他应用程序中，中括号具有特殊含义，此含义可能会在发生动态数据交换 (DDE)时起重要作用。

7.1.3 SendKeys Method（MSDN）

SendKeys有两个重要的方法：

1.
Send方法：向活动应用程序发送击键。

2.
SendWait方法：向活动应用程序发送给定的键，然后等待消息被处理。

有关SendKeys的参考： 英文站点：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8c6yea83(VS.85).aspx 中文站点：http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.windows.forms.sendkeys_methods(VS.80).aspx

下面我们通过一个实例来演示通过SendKeys类来模拟键盘操作进行数据输入和快捷菜单的打开：

using System; using System.Text; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Automation; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace UIATest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Process process = Process.Start(@"E:\WorkBook\ATP\WpfApp\bin\Debug\WpfApp.exe"); int processId = process.Id; AutomationElement element = FindElementById(processId,"textBox1"); SendKeys sendkeys =new SendKeys(); sendkeys.Sendkeys(element, "Sending keys to input data"); Console.WriteLine(sendkeys.ToString()); sendkeys.Sendkeys(element, sendkeys.ContextMenu); Console.WriteLine(sendkeys.ToString()); Console.WriteLine("Test finised."); } ///<summary> /// Get the automation elemention of current form. ///</summary> ///<param name="processId">Process Id</param> ///<returns>Target element</returns> public static AutomationElement FindWindowByProcessId(int processId) { AutomationElement targetWindow =null; int count = 0; try { Process p = Process.GetProcessById(processId); targetWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle); return targetWindow; } catch (Exception ex) { count++; StringBuilder sb =new StringBuilder(); string message = sb.AppendLine(string.Format("Target window is not existing.try #{0}", count)).ToString(); if (count > 5) { throw new InvalidProgramException(message, ex); } else { return FindWindowByProcessId(processId); } } } ///<summary> /// Get the automation element by automation Id. ///</summary> ///<param name="windowName">Window name</param> ///<param name="automationId">Control automation Id</param> ///<returns>Automatin element searched by automation Id</returns> public static AutomationElement FindElementById(int processId,string automationId) { AutomationElement aeForm = FindWindowByProcessId(processId); AutomationElement tarFindElement = aeForm.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, automationId)); return tarFindElement; } } }

我们自定义一个SendKeys类来对已有的SendKeys类进行优化，代码如下：

using System; using System.Windows.Automation; using System.Threading; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace UIATest { public class SendKeys { StringBuilder builder =new StringBuilder(); public string Alt = "%"; public string ContextMenu = "+{F10}"; public string Ctrl = "^"; public string Shift = "+"; public string Enter = "{Enter}"; public string Delete = "{Del}"; public string Save = "^S"; public string SaveAll = "^+S"; public string Copy = "^C"; public string Cut = "^X"; public string Paste = "^V"; public string Undo = "^Z"; public string Redo = "^Y"; public string Print = "^P"; public string Help = "{F1}"; public string New = "^N"; public string[] Keys{ get; set; } public void Sendkeys(AutomationElement element,string[] keys) { this.Keys = keys; try { element.SetFocus(); } catch (Exception exception) { throw new Exception("Cannot set focus to this element.", exception); } string myKeys = ""; foreach (string str2in this.Keys) { myKeys = myKeys + str2; } Thread.Sleep(200); if ((this.ContainsUnescapedKey(myKeys,'^') || this.ContainsUnescapedKey(myKeys,'%')) || this.ContainsUnescapedKey(myKeys,'+')) { myKeys = myKeys.ToLower(); } System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait(myKeys); Thread.Sleep(0x3e8); } public void Sendkeys(AutomationElement element,string myKeys) { this.Keys = new string[1]; this.Keys[0] = myKeys; try { element.SetFocus(); } catch (Exception exception) { throw new Exception("Cannot set focus to this element.", exception); } Thread.Sleep(200); if ((this.ContainsUnescapedKey(myKeys,'^') || this.ContainsUnescapedKey(myKeys,'%')) || this.ContainsUnescapedKey(myKeys,'+')) { myKeys = myKeys.ToLower(); } System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait(myKeys); Thread.Sleep(0x3e8); } private bool ContainsUnescapedKey(string keys, char key) { for (int i = 0; i < keys.Length; i++) { if (keys[i] == key) { if ((i == 0) || (i == (keys.Length - 1))) { return true; } if ((keys[i - 1] !='{') || (keys[i + 1] != '}')) { return true; } } } return false; } private string KeysToString(string[] keys) { if (keys != null) { for (int i = 0; i < keys.Length; i++) { string str = keys[i]; if (str == null) { builder.Append(keys[i]); } int length = keys.Length - 1; switch (str) { case "^": builder.Append("Ctrl"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; case "+{F10}": builder.Append("Open Context Menu"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; case "%": builder.Append("Alt"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; case "+": builder.Append("Shift"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; case "^S": builder.Append("Save"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; case "^X": builder.Append("Cut"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; case "^C": builder.Append("Copy"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; case "^V": builder.Append("Paste"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; case "^+S": builder.Append("Save All"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; case "^P": builder.Append("Print"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; case "^Z": builder.Append("Undo"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; case "^Y": builder.Append("Redo"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; case "^N": builder.Append("New"); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; default: builder.Append(keys[i]); IsEquals(i, length, builder); break; } } } return builder.ToString(); } void IsEquals(int i,int length, StringBuilder builder) { if(i<length) builder.Append("+"); } #region Public Method public override string ToString() { return string.Format("Sendkeys to input data or operator with keys = '{0}'", this.KeysToString(Keys)); } #endregion } }

如下代码为对应的WPF窗体XAML代码：

<Window x:Class="WpfApp.SendKeysInputData" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="SendKeysInputData" Height="250" Width="367"> <Grid> <TextBox Margin="28,80,41,101" Name="textBox1"> <TextBox.ContextMenu> <ContextMenu> <MenuItem Header="Open" /> <MenuItem Header="Save" /> <MenuItem Header="New" /> <MenuItem Header="Save As" /> <MenuItem Header="Load" /> <MenuItem Header="ReLoad" /> </ContextMenu> </TextBox.ContextMenu> </TextBox> </Grid> </Window>

7.1.4 Summary

本小节首先简单介绍了如何在.NET通过调用Win32 API来模拟键盘的操作，进而通过实例演示了模拟鼠标与模拟键盘在基于UI Automation的自动化测试中应用。