UI部分 — 14
2018-03-01 12:42
176 查看
- iOS应用数据存储的常用方式
(1)XML属性列表(plist)归档
(2)preference(偏好设置)
(3)NSKeyedArchiver归档(NSCoding)
(4)SQLite3
(5)Core Data
- 应用沙盒
(1)每个iOS应用都有自己的应用沙盒(应用沙盒就是文件系统目录),与其他文件系统隔离。应用必须呆在自己的沙盒里,其他应用不能访问该沙盒
(2)应用沙盒结构分析
1 应用程序包:包含了所有的资源文件和可执行文件
2 Documents:保存应用运行时生成的需要持久化的数据,iTunes同步设备时会备份该目录
3 tmp:保存应用运行时所需的临时数据,使用完毕后再将相应的文件从该目录删除,应用没有运行时,系统也可能会清除该目录下的文件,iTunes同步设备时不会备份该目录
4 Library/Caches:保存应用运行时生成的需要持久化的数据,iTunes同步设备时不会备份该目录,一般存储体积大,不需要备份的非重要数据
5 Library/Preference:保存应用的所有偏好设置,iOS的Setting(设置)应用会在该目录中查找应用的设置信息,iTunes同步设备时会备份该目录
- plist存储
(1)#import
"ViewController.h"
#import "Person.h"
@interface
ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super
viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}
- (IBAction)save:(id)sender {
//第一个参数:搜索的目录
//第二个参数:搜索的范围
//第三个参数:是否展开路径(在ios当中识别~)
NSString *path =
NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory,
NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
NSLog(@"%@",path);
//拼接一个文件名
NSString *filePath = [path
stringByAppendingString:@"data.plist"];
///Users/xieyang/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/5D7C40BE-CCF7-499D-87B3-E17D9A93798D/data/Containers/Data/Application/6BED8552-9E13-4300-9154-3741F2CF92C4/Documentsdata.plist
//stringByAppendingPathComponent拼接一个文件路径.自动加一个(/)
NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"data.plist"];
NSLog(@"%@",filePath);
//把数组保存到沙盒
NSArray *dataArray =
@[@"xmg",@10];
//路径是沙盒路径
[dataArray writeToFile:filePath
atomically:YES];
Person *per = [[Person
alloc]
init];
per.name =
@"xmg";
per.age
= 10;
//在plist文件当中是不能够保存自定义的对象
NSDictionary *dict =
@{@"name" :
@"xmg",@"age" :
@10};
NSString *path = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask,
YES)[0];
NSString *dictPath = [path
stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"dict.plist"];
[dict writeToFile:dictPath
atomically:YES];
}
- (IBAction)read:(id)sender {
NSString *path =
NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,
NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
NSString *filePath = [path
stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"data.plist"];
NSArray *dataArray = [NSArray
arrayWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
NSLog(@"%@",dataArray);
NSString *path =
NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory,
NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
NSString *filePath = [path
stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"dict.plist"];
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary
dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
NSLog(@"%@",dict);
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[super
didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
@end
- 偏好设置
(1)每个应用都有NSUserDefaults实例,通过它来存取偏好设置
(2)- (IBAction)save:(id)sender
{
//NSUserDefaults它保存也是一个plist.
NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults
standardUserDefaults];
[defaults setObject:@"xmg"
forKey:@"name"];
[defaults setInteger:10
forKey:@"age"];
//立马写入到文件当中
[defaults
synchronize];
NSLog(@"%@",NSHomeDirectory());
}
- (IBAction)read:(id)sender {
NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults
standardUserDefaults];
NSString *name = [defaults
objectForKey:@"name"];
NSLog(@"name ===%@",name);
NSInteger age = [defaults
integerForKey:@"age"];
NSLog(@"%ld",age);
}
- 归档
(1)- (IBAction)save:(id)sender
{
Person *per = [[Person
alloc]
init];
per.name =
@"xmg";
per.age =
10;
Dog *dog = [[Dog
alloc]
init];
dog.name =
@"wangcai";
per.dog = dog;
//获取沙盒目录
NSString *tempPath =
NSTemporaryDirectory();
NSString *filePath = [tempPath
stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Person.data"];
NSLog(@"%@",tempPath);
//归档 archiveRootObject会调用encodeWithCoder:
[NSKeyedArchiver
archiveRootObject:per toFile:filePath];
}
- (IBAction)read:(id)sender {
//获取沙盒目录
NSString *tempPath =
NSTemporaryDirectory();
NSString *filePath = [tempPath
stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Person.data"];
//unarchiveObjectWithFile会调用initWithCoder
Person *per = [NSKeyedUnarchiver
unarchiveObjectWithFile:filePath];
NSLog(@"%@---%@",per.name,per.dog.name);
}
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
//在保存对象时告诉要保存当前对象哪些属性.
-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
[aCoder
encodeObject:self.name
forKey:@"name"];
[aCoder encodeInt:self.age
forKey:@"age"];
[aCoder encodeObject:self.dog
forKey:@"dog"];
}
//当解析一个文件的时候调用.(告诉当前要解析文件当中哪些属性.)
- (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
//当只有遵守了NSCoding协议时,才有[super initWithCoder]
if (self = [super
init]) {
self.name = [aDecoder
decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
self.age = [aDecoder
decodeIntForKey:@"age"];
self.dog = [aDecoder
decodeObjectForKey:@"dog"];
}
return
self;
}
@end
#import
"Dog.h"
@implementation Dog
-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
[aCoder
encodeObject:self.name
forKey:@"name"];
}
-(instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
if (self = [super
init]) {
self.name = [aDecoder
decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
}
return
self;
}
@end
- UINavigationBar补充
(1)凡是在导航条下面的scrollView.默认会设置偏移量.UIEdgeInsetsMake(64,
0, 0, 0)
self.tableView.contentInset =
UIEdgeInsetsMake(64,
0,
0,
0);
//不要自动设置偏移量
self.automaticallyAdjustsScrollViewInsets =
NO;
(2)让导航条隐藏
self.navigationController.navigationBar.hidden =
YES;
(3)导航条或者是导航条上的控件设置透明度是没有效果.
self.navigationController.navigationBar.alpha =
0;
(4)设置导航条背景(必须得要使用默认的模式UIBarMetricsDefault)
当背景图片设置为Nil,系统会自动生成一张半透明的图片,设置为导航条背景
//设置透明
[self.navigationController.navigationBar
setBackgroundImage:[[UIImage
alloc] init]
forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
[self.navigationController.navigationBar
setShadowImage:[[UIImage
alloc]
init]];
- UITabBarController
(1)基本使用
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
//1 创建窗口
self.window = [[UIWindow
alloc] initWithFrame:[UIScreen
mainScreen].bounds];
self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor
blueColor];
//2
设置窗口的根控制器
//UITabBarController默认显示的是第一个子控制器的View.
UITabBarController *tabVC = [[UITabBarController
alloc]
init];
//创建控制器
UIViewController *vc1 = [[UIViewController
alloc]
init];
vc1.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor
redColor];
UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController
alloc]
initWithRootViewController:vc1];
nav.tabBarItem.title =
@"消息";
nav.tabBarItem.badgeValue =
@"10";
nav.tabBarItem.image = [UIImage
imageNamed:@"tab_recent_nor"];
//添加子控制器
[tabVC
addChildViewController:nav];
//创建控制器
UIViewController *vc2 = [[UIViewController
alloc]
init];
vc2.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor
blueColor];
vc2.tabBarItem.title =
@"联系人";
vc2.tabBarItem.image = [UIImage
imageNamed:@"tab_buddy_nor"];
[tabVC addChildViewController:vc2];
UIViewController *vc3 = [[UIViewController
alloc]
init];
vc3.view.backgroundColor
= [UIColor greenColor];
vc3.tabBarItem.title
= @"动态";
vc3.tabBarItem.image
= [UIImage imageNamed:@"tab_qworld_nor"];
[tabVC
addChildViewController:vc3];
//选中某一个子控制器
tabVC.selectedIndex
= 2;
self.window.rootViewController = tabVC;
//3 显示窗口
[self.window
makeKeyAndVisible];
return
YES;
}
- Modal
(1)- (IBAction)modal:(id)sender
{
TwoViewController *twoVC = [[TwoViewController
alloc]
init];
//当在modal时,会把窗口上面的View给移除,然后要modal控制器的view,给添加到窗口上
//如果当一个控制器被销毁,那么它View的业务逻辑是没有办法处理
//控制器被销毁,控制器的View不一定被销毁(只要有强指针指向它,就不会被销毁)
//[self presentViewController:twoVC animated:YES completion:^{
}];
CGRect frame = twoVC.view.frame;
frame.origin.y
= [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height;
twoVC.view.frame = frame;
[[UIApplication
sharedApplication].keyWindow
addSubview:twoVC.view];
self.twoVC = twoVC;
[UIView
animateWithDuration:0.5
animations:^{
twoVC.view.frame =
self.view.frame;
}completion:^(BOOL finished) {
[self.view
removeFromSuperview];
}];
}
(2)- (IBAction)dismiss:(id)sender
{
[self
dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES
completion:nil];
}
(1)XML属性列表(plist)归档
(2)preference(偏好设置)
(3)NSKeyedArchiver归档(NSCoding)
(4)SQLite3
(5)Core Data
- 应用沙盒
(1)每个iOS应用都有自己的应用沙盒(应用沙盒就是文件系统目录),与其他文件系统隔离。应用必须呆在自己的沙盒里,其他应用不能访问该沙盒
(2)应用沙盒结构分析
1 应用程序包:包含了所有的资源文件和可执行文件
2 Documents:保存应用运行时生成的需要持久化的数据,iTunes同步设备时会备份该目录
3 tmp:保存应用运行时所需的临时数据,使用完毕后再将相应的文件从该目录删除,应用没有运行时,系统也可能会清除该目录下的文件,iTunes同步设备时不会备份该目录
4 Library/Caches:保存应用运行时生成的需要持久化的数据,iTunes同步设备时不会备份该目录,一般存储体积大,不需要备份的非重要数据
5 Library/Preference:保存应用的所有偏好设置,iOS的Setting(设置)应用会在该目录中查找应用的设置信息,iTunes同步设备时会备份该目录
- plist存储
(1)#import
"ViewController.h"
#import "Person.h"
@interface
ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super
viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}
- (IBAction)save:(id)sender {
//第一个参数:搜索的目录
//第二个参数:搜索的范围
//第三个参数:是否展开路径(在ios当中识别~)
NSString *path =
NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory,
NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
NSLog(@"%@",path);
//拼接一个文件名
NSString *filePath = [path
stringByAppendingString:@"data.plist"];
///Users/xieyang/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/5D7C40BE-CCF7-499D-87B3-E17D9A93798D/data/Containers/Data/Application/6BED8552-9E13-4300-9154-3741F2CF92C4/Documentsdata.plist
//stringByAppendingPathComponent拼接一个文件路径.自动加一个(/)
NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"data.plist"];
NSLog(@"%@",filePath);
//把数组保存到沙盒
NSArray *dataArray =
@[@"xmg",@10];
//路径是沙盒路径
[dataArray writeToFile:filePath
atomically:YES];
Person *per = [[Person
alloc]
init];
per.name =
@"xmg";
per.age
= 10;
//在plist文件当中是不能够保存自定义的对象
NSDictionary *dict =
@{@"name" :
@"xmg",@"age" :
@10};
NSString *path = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask,
YES)[0];
NSString *dictPath = [path
stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"dict.plist"];
[dict writeToFile:dictPath
atomically:YES];
}
- (IBAction)read:(id)sender {
NSString *path =
NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,
NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
NSString *filePath = [path
stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"data.plist"];
NSArray *dataArray = [NSArray
arrayWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
NSLog(@"%@",dataArray);
NSString *path =
NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory,
NSUserDomainMask, YES)[0];
NSString *filePath = [path
stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"dict.plist"];
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary
dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
NSLog(@"%@",dict);
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[super
didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
@end
- 偏好设置
(1)每个应用都有NSUserDefaults实例,通过它来存取偏好设置
(2)- (IBAction)save:(id)sender
{
//NSUserDefaults它保存也是一个plist.
NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults
standardUserDefaults];
[defaults setObject:@"xmg"
forKey:@"name"];
[defaults setInteger:10
forKey:@"age"];
//立马写入到文件当中
[defaults
synchronize];
NSLog(@"%@",NSHomeDirectory());
}
- (IBAction)read:(id)sender {
NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults
standardUserDefaults];
NSString *name = [defaults
objectForKey:@"name"];
NSLog(@"name ===%@",name);
NSInteger age = [defaults
integerForKey:@"age"];
NSLog(@"%ld",age);
}
- 归档
(1)- (IBAction)save:(id)sender
{
Person *per = [[Person
alloc]
init];
per.name =
@"xmg";
per.age =
10;
Dog *dog = [[Dog
alloc]
init];
dog.name =
@"wangcai";
per.dog = dog;
//获取沙盒目录
NSString *tempPath =
NSTemporaryDirectory();
NSString *filePath = [tempPath
stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Person.data"];
NSLog(@"%@",tempPath);
//归档 archiveRootObject会调用encodeWithCoder:
[NSKeyedArchiver
archiveRootObject:per toFile:filePath];
}
- (IBAction)read:(id)sender {
//获取沙盒目录
NSString *tempPath =
NSTemporaryDirectory();
NSString *filePath = [tempPath
stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Person.data"];
//unarchiveObjectWithFile会调用initWithCoder
Person *per = [NSKeyedUnarchiver
unarchiveObjectWithFile:filePath];
NSLog(@"%@---%@",per.name,per.dog.name);
}
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
//在保存对象时告诉要保存当前对象哪些属性.
-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
[aCoder
encodeObject:self.name
forKey:@"name"];
[aCoder encodeInt:self.age
forKey:@"age"];
[aCoder encodeObject:self.dog
forKey:@"dog"];
}
//当解析一个文件的时候调用.(告诉当前要解析文件当中哪些属性.)
- (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
//当只有遵守了NSCoding协议时,才有[super initWithCoder]
if (self = [super
init]) {
self.name = [aDecoder
decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
self.age = [aDecoder
decodeIntForKey:@"age"];
self.dog = [aDecoder
decodeObjectForKey:@"dog"];
}
return
self;
}
@end
#import
"Dog.h"
@implementation Dog
-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
[aCoder
encodeObject:self.name
forKey:@"name"];
}
-(instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
if (self = [super
init]) {
self.name = [aDecoder
decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
}
return
self;
}
@end
- UINavigationBar补充
(1)凡是在导航条下面的scrollView.默认会设置偏移量.UIEdgeInsetsMake(64,
0, 0, 0)
self.tableView.contentInset =
UIEdgeInsetsMake(64,
0,
0,
0);
//不要自动设置偏移量
self.automaticallyAdjustsScrollViewInsets =
NO;
(2)让导航条隐藏
self.navigationController.navigationBar.hidden =
YES;
(3)导航条或者是导航条上的控件设置透明度是没有效果.
self.navigationController.navigationBar.alpha =
0;
(4)设置导航条背景(必须得要使用默认的模式UIBarMetricsDefault)
当背景图片设置为Nil,系统会自动生成一张半透明的图片,设置为导航条背景
//设置透明
[self.navigationController.navigationBar
setBackgroundImage:[[UIImage
alloc] init]
forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
[self.navigationController.navigationBar
setShadowImage:[[UIImage
alloc]
init]];
- UITabBarController
(1)基本使用
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
//1 创建窗口
self.window = [[UIWindow
alloc] initWithFrame:[UIScreen
mainScreen].bounds];
self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor
blueColor];
//2
设置窗口的根控制器
//UITabBarController默认显示的是第一个子控制器的View.
UITabBarController *tabVC = [[UITabBarController
alloc]
init];
//创建控制器
UIViewController *vc1 = [[UIViewController
alloc]
init];
vc1.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor
redColor];
UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController
alloc]
initWithRootViewController:vc1];
nav.tabBarItem.title =
@"消息";
nav.tabBarItem.badgeValue =
@"10";
nav.tabBarItem.image = [UIImage
imageNamed:@"tab_recent_nor"];
//添加子控制器
[tabVC
addChildViewController:nav];
//创建控制器
UIViewController *vc2 = [[UIViewController
alloc]
init];
vc2.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor
blueColor];
vc2.tabBarItem.title =
@"联系人";
vc2.tabBarItem.image = [UIImage
imageNamed:@"tab_buddy_nor"];
[tabVC addChildViewController:vc2];
UIViewController *vc3 = [[UIViewController
alloc]
init];
vc3.view.backgroundColor
= [UIColor greenColor];
vc3.tabBarItem.title
= @"动态";
vc3.tabBarItem.image
= [UIImage imageNamed:@"tab_qworld_nor"];
[tabVC
addChildViewController:vc3];
//选中某一个子控制器
tabVC.selectedIndex
= 2;
self.window.rootViewController = tabVC;
//3 显示窗口
[self.window
makeKeyAndVisible];
return
YES;
}
- Modal
(1)- (IBAction)modal:(id)sender
{
TwoViewController *twoVC = [[TwoViewController
alloc]
init];
//当在modal时,会把窗口上面的View给移除,然后要modal控制器的view,给添加到窗口上
//如果当一个控制器被销毁,那么它View的业务逻辑是没有办法处理
//控制器被销毁,控制器的View不一定被销毁(只要有强指针指向它,就不会被销毁)
//[self presentViewController:twoVC animated:YES completion:^{
}];
CGRect frame = twoVC.view.frame;
frame.origin.y
= [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height;
twoVC.view.frame = frame;
[[UIApplication
sharedApplication].keyWindow
addSubview:twoVC.view];
self.twoVC = twoVC;
[UIView
animateWithDuration:0.5
animations:^{
twoVC.view.frame =
self.view.frame;
}completion:^(BOOL finished) {
[self.view
removeFromSuperview];
}];
}
(2)- (IBAction)dismiss:(id)sender
{
[self
dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES
completion:nil];
}
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