集群介绍、keepalived介绍、用Keepalived配置高可用集群
2018-01-26 15:59
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集群介绍
根据功能划分为两大类:高可用和负载均衡高可用集群,即“HA"集群,也常称作“双机热备”,用于关键业务。核心原理都是通过心跳线连接两台服务器,一台用于提供服务,另外一台作为冗余,当提供服务的机器宕机,冗余将接替继续提供服务,实现高可用的开源软件有:heartbeat、keepalived。
负载均衡集群,需要有一台服务器作为分发器,它负责把用户的请求分发给后端的服务器处理,在这个集群里,除了分发器外,就是给用户提供服务的服务器了,这些服务器数量至少为2台,实现负载均衡的开源软件有LVS、keepalived、haproxy、nginx,商业的有F5、Netscaler。
Keepalived介绍
在这里我们使用keepalived来实现高可用集群,因为heartbeat在centos6上有一些问题,影响实验效果。keepalived通过VRRP(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocl,虚拟路由冗余协议)来实现高可用。
它是实现路由高可用的一种通信协议,在这个协议里会将多台功能相同的路由器组成一个小组,这个小组里会有1个master角色和N(N>=1)个backup角色。
master会通过组播的形式向各个backup发送VRRP协议的数据包,当backup收不到master发来的VRRP数据包时,就会认为master宕机了。此时就需要根据各个backup的优先级来决定谁成为新的mater。
Keepalived要有三个模块,分别是core、check和vrrp。其中core模块为keepalived的核心,负责主进程的启动、维护以及全局配置文件的加载和解析,check模块负责健康检查,vrrp模块是来实现VRRP协议的。
用Keepalived配置高可用集群
生产环境中,很多企业把Nginx作为负载均衡器来用,它的重要性很高,一旦宕机会导致整个站点不能访问,所以有必要再准备一台备用Nginx,Keepalived用在这种场景下非常合适。1.准备工作
准备两台机器100和110,100作为master,110作为backup。
定义一个VIP:172.16.111.150
VIP的英文名字是“Virtual IP",即“虚拟IP",也有人把它叫作“浮动IP”,因为这个IP是由Keepalived给服务器配置上的,服务器靠这个VIP对外提供服务,当master机器宕机,VIP被分配到backup上,这样用户看来是无感知的。
两台机器都执行yum install -y keepalived
两台机器都安装nginx,其中100上已经使用源码包编译安装过nginx,110上需要yum安装nginx,命令yum install -y nginx
直接通过 yum install nginx 肯定是不行的,因为yum没有nginx,所以首先把 nginx 的源加入 yum 中。
将nginx放到yum repro库中
rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
使用yum安装ngnix yum install nginx
查看nginx信息 yum info nginx
启动nginx service nginx start
查看nginx版本 nginx -v
2.编辑master机器的keepalived配置文件
[root@gary-tao ~]# ls /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf [root@gary-tao ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf [root@gary-tao ~]# > !$ //清空配置文件内容 [root@gary-tao ~]# viM /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 增加如下配置内容,按需求更改部分配置: global_defs { //全局定义参数 notification_email { aming@aminglinux.com //定义接收告警的人 } notification_email_from root@aminglinux.com //定义发邮件地址(实际上没用) smtp_server 127.0.0.1 //定义发邮件地址,若为127.0.0.1则使用本机自带邮件服务器发送 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_script chk_nginx { //chk_nginx为自定义名字,后面还会用到它 script "/usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh" //自定义脚本,该脚本为监控nginx服务的脚本 interval 3 //每隔3S执行一次该脚本 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER //角色为master interface ens33 //针对哪个网卡监听VIP virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 //权重为100,master要比backup大 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass aminglinux>com //定义密码,这个密码自定义 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.111.150 //定义VIP } track_script { chk_nginx //定义监控脚本,这里和上面vrr_script后面的字符串保持一致 } }
3.编辑master机器的监控脚本
[root@gary-tao ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh //脚本名字是自定义的,与keepalived配置文件要一致 编辑脚本增加如下内容: #!/bin/bash #时间变量,用于记录日志 d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S` #计算nginx进程数量 n=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l` #如果进程为0,则启动nginx,并且再次检测nginx进程数量, #如果还为0,说明nginx无法启动,此时需要关闭keepalived if [ $n -eq "0" ]; then /etc/init.d/nginx start n2=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l` if [ $n2 -eq "0" ]; then echo "$d nginx down,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log systemctl stop keepalived fi fi [root@gary-tao ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh //需要给它权限,否则无法被keepalived调用加载 [root@gary-tao ~]# systemctl start keepalived //启动master上的keepalived,如果nginx服务没有启动,它会自动拉起来,并监听VIP [root@gary-tao ~]# ip addr //master上已经自动配置了172.16.111.159这个IP 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:09:e5:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.111.100/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 172.16.111.150/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::1ffb:cde1:5f3e:5778/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:09:e5:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.111.131/24 brd 172.16.111.255 scope global dynamic ens37 valid_lft 1057sec preferred_lft 1057sec inet6 fe80::888c:a1d7:871b:8971/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@gary-tao ~]# ps aux |grep keep root 9467 0.0 0.1 120720 1400 ? Ss 19:24 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 9468 0.0 0.3 122792 3104 ? S 19:24 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 9469 0.0 0.2 127116 2836 ? S 19:24 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 9641 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/0 R+ 19:26 0:00 grep --color=auto keep [root@gary-tao ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 3132 0.0 0.2 46860 2892 ? Ss 1月23 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 6471 0.0 0.4 48784 4172 ? S 00:00 0:00 nginx: worker process nobody 6472 0.0 0.4 48784 4172 ? S 00:00 0:00 nginx: worker process root 9655 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/0 R+ 19:26 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@gary-tao ~]# less /var/log/messages //查看日志
4.两台机器都查看防火墙及SElinux是否开启,开启需要关闭
[root@gary-tao ~]# setenforce 0 //临时关闭SELinux //开机关闭SELinux 编辑/etc/selinux/config文件,将SELINUX的值设置为disabled [root@gary-tao ~]# getenforce //查看SElinux是否关闭 Disabled [root@gary-tao ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙 [root@gary-tao ~]# iptables -nvL //查看防火墙 Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
5.编辑backup的Keepalived配置文件
[root@gary ~]# ls /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf [root@gary ~]# > !$ //清空配置 > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf [root@gary ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 编辑增加如下配置内容: global_defs { notification_email { aming@aminglinux.com } notification_email_from root@aminglinux.com smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_script chk_nginx { script "/usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh" //检测脚本 interval 3 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP //这个需要改,说明是从的状态 interface ens33 virtual_router_id 51 priority 90 //这个权重比master少 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass aminglinux>com } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.111.150 //这个跟master一样 } track_script { chk_nginx } }
6.编辑backup机器的监控脚本
[root@gary ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh 编辑增加如下配置内容: #时间变量,用于记录日志 d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S` #计算nginx进程数量 n=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l` #如果进程为0,则启动nginx,并且再次检测nginx进程数量, #如果还为0,说明nginx无法启动,此时需要关闭keepalived if [ $n -eq "0" ]; then systemctl start nginx n2=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l` if [ $n2 -eq "0" ]; then echo "$d nginx down,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log systemctl stop keepalived fi fi [root@gary ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh //更改权限 [root@gary ~]# systemctl start keepalived //启动服务 [root@gary ~]# ps aux |grep keep root 16039 0.0 0.1 120720 1400 ? Rs 19:51 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 16040 0.0 0.3 122792 3104 ? S 19:51 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 16041 0.1 0.2 127116 2656 ? S 19:51 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 16059 0.0 0.0 112676 976 pts/0 S+ 19:51 0:00 grep --color=auto keep [root@gary ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 15771 0.0 0.0 46308 948 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf nginx 15772 0.0 0.2 46692 2148 ? S 16:56 0:00 nginx: worker process root 16077 0.0 0.0 112676 972 pts/0 S+ 19:51 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
7.测试高可用
确定好两台机器上nginx差异,通过curl -I 来查看nginx版本
##master机器 [root@gary-tao ~]# curl -I 172.16.111.100 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.1 Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2018 05:52:53 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 26 Last-Modified: Wed, 03 Jan 2018 11:33:54 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5a4cbfa2-1a" Accept-Ranges: bytes ##backup机器 [root@gary ~]# curl -I 172.16.111.110 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2018 05:54:39 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 612 Last-Modified: Tue, 17 Oct 2017 13:25:49 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "59e604dd-264" Accept-Ranges: bytes
测试1:关闭master上的nginx服务
[root@gary-tao ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 9975 0.0 0.2 46852 2956 ? Ss 1月25 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf root 15423 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/1 R+ 14:11 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx nobody 43196 0.0 0.4 48776 4700 ? S 00:10 0:00 nginx: worker process nobody 43197 0.0 0.4 48776 4704 ? S 00:10 0:00 nginx: worker process [root@gary-tao ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx stop //关闭服务 Stopping nginx (via systemctl): [ 确定 ] [root@gary-tao ~]# ps aux |grep nginx //服务自动起来 root 15492 0.0 0.1 45992 1300 ? Ss 14:11 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 15496 0.0 0.3 48480 3948 ? S 14:11 0:00 nginx: worker process nobody 15497 0.0 0.3 48480 3948 ? S 14:11 0:00 nginx: worker process root 15511 0.0 0.0 112680 972 pts/1 R+ 14:11 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
测试2:在master上增加iptabls规则限制vrrp发包
[root@gary-tao ~]# iptables -I OUTPUT -p vrrp -j DROP //把主上VRRP协议出去的包封掉 [root@gary-tao ~]# iptables -nvL //查看防火墙 Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 22 packets, 1608 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 15 packets, 1428 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 19 760 DROP 112 -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 在backup上查看 [root@gary ~]# ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:2c:5f:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.111.110/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 172.16.111.150/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::b6dc:6aed:f1d0:2f43/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@gary ~]# tail /var/log/messages //查看日志 Jan 26 14:16:15 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:16:15 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:20:01 gary systemd: Started Session 33 of user root. Jan 26 14:20:01 gary systemd: Starting Session 33 of user root.
浏览器地址查看:
[root@gary-tao ~]# iptables -F //在master恢复防火墙 //然后backup上查看ip及日志 [root@gary ~]# ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:2c:5f:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.111.110/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::b6dc:6aed:f1d0:2f43/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@gary ~]# tail /var/log/messages Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:20:01 gary systemd: Started Session 33 of user root. Jan 26 14:20:01 gary systemd: Starting Session 33 of user root. Jan 26 14:30:01 gary systemd: Started Session 34 of user root. Jan 26 14:30:01 gary systemd: Starting Session 34 of user root. Jan 26 14:35:28 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received advert with higher priority 100, ours 90 Jan 26 14:35:28 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE Jan 26 14:35:28 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
浏览器地址查看:
测试3:关闭master上的keepalived服务
//关闭master上的keepalived服务 [root@gary-tao ~]# systemctl stop keepalived [root@gary-tao ~]# ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:09:e5:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.111.100/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::1ffb:cde1:5f3e:5778/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:09:e5:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.111.131/24 brd 172.16.111.255 scope global dynamic ens37 valid_lft 1345sec preferred_lft 1345sec inet6 fe80::888c:a1d7:871b:8971/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@gary-tao ~]# ps aux |grep keep root 20375 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/1 R+ 14:51 0:00 grep --color=auto keep [root@gary ~]# ip addr //在backup上VIP马上就起来了 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:2c:5f:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.111.110/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 172.16.111.150/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::b6dc:6aed:f1d0:2f43/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@gary ~]# tail /var/log/messages Jan 26 14:51:01 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:01 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:01 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:01 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
浏览器地址示例图也改变:
测试4:启动master上的keepalived服务
//启动master上的keepalived服务 [root@gary-tao ~]# systemctl start keepalived [root@gary-tao ~]# ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:09:e5:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.111.100/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 172.16.111.150/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::1ffb:cde1:5f3e:5778/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:09:e5:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.111.131/24 brd 172.16.111.255 scope global dynamic ens37 valid_lft 1084sec preferred_lft 1084sec inet6 fe80::888c:a1d7:871b:8971/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@gary-tao ~]# ps aux |grep keep root 20384 0.0 0.1 120720 1400 ? Ss 14:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 20385 0.0 0.3 122792 3100 ? S 14:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 20386 0.0 0.2 127116 2836 ? S 14:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D root 20456 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/1 R+ 14:55 0:00 grep --color=auto keep [root@gary ~]# ip addr //在backup上VIP马上断掉了 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:2c:5f:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.111.110/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::b6dc:6aed:f1d0:2f43/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@gary ~]# tail /var/log/messages //查看日志显示 Jan 26 14:51:01 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150 Jan 26 14:55:12 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received advert with higher priority 100, ours 90 Jan 26 14:55:12 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE Jan 26 14:55:12 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs. [root@gary ~]#
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