matplotlib——配置参数

matplotlib 是一个开源项目，由 John Hunter 发起。关于 matplotlib 的由来，有一个小故事。John Hunter 和他研究癫痫症的同事借助一个专有软件做脑皮层电图分析，但是他所在的实验室只有一份该电图分析软件的许可。他和许多一起工作的同事不得不轮流使用该软件的硬件加密狗。于是，JohnHunter 便有了开发一个工具来替代当前所使用的软件的想法。当时MATLAB被广泛应用在生物医学界中，John Hunter等最初是想开发一个基于MATLAB的版本，但是由于MATLAB的一些限制和不足，加上他本身对Python非常熟悉，于是就有了matplotlib的诞生。所以，无论从名字上，还是从matplotlib提供的函数名称、参数及使用方法都与MATLAB非常相似。

matplotlibrc是配置文件，文件中有matplotlib默认参数设置。

import matplotlib
matplotlib.matplotlib_fname() #将会获得matplotlibrc路径

或者

print(plt.rcParams.keys())

KeysView(RcParams({‘_internal.classic_mode’: False,

‘agg.path.chunksize’: 0,

‘animation.avconv_args’: [],

‘animation.avconv_path’: ‘avconv’,

‘animation.bitrate’: -1,

‘animation.codec’: ‘h264’,

‘animation.convert_args’: [],

‘animation.convert_path’: ‘convert’,

‘animation.embed_limit’: 20.0,

‘animation.ffmpeg_args’: [],

‘animation.ffmpeg_path’: ‘ffmpeg’,

‘animation.frame_format’: ‘png’,

‘animation.html’: ‘none’,

‘animation.html_args’: [],

‘animation.mencoder_args’: [],

‘animation.mencoder_path’: ‘mencoder’,

‘animation.writer’: ‘ffmpeg’,

‘axes.autolimit_mode’: ‘data’,

‘axes.axisbelow’: ‘line’,

‘axes.edgecolor’: ‘k’,

‘axes.facecolor’: ‘w’,

‘axes.formatter.limits’: [-7, 7],

‘axes.formatter.min_exponent’: 0,

‘axes.formatter.offset_threshold’: 4,

‘axes.formatter.use_locale’: False,

‘axes.formatter.use_mathtext’: False,

‘axes.formatter.useoffset’: True,

‘axes.grid’: False,

‘axes.grid.axis’: ‘both’,

‘axes.grid.which’: ‘major’,

‘axes.hold’: None,

‘axes.labelcolor’: ‘k’,

‘axes.labelpad’: 4.0,

‘axes.labelsize’: ‘medium’,

‘axes.labelweight’: ‘normal’,

‘axes.linewidth’: 0.8,

‘axes.prop_cycle’: cycler(‘color’, [‘#1f77b4’, ‘#ff7f0e’, ‘#2ca02c’, ‘#d62728’, ‘#9467bd’, ‘#8c564b’, ‘#e377c2’, ‘#7f7f7f’, ‘#bcbd22’, ‘#17becf’]),

‘axes.spines.bottom’: True,

‘axes.spines.left’: True,

‘axes.spines.right’: True,

‘axes.spines.top’: True,

‘axes.titlepad’: 6.0,

‘axes.titlesize’: ‘large’,

‘axes.titleweight’: ‘normal’,

‘axes.unicode_minus’: True,

‘axes.xmargin’: 0.05,

‘axes.ymargin’: 0.05,

‘axes3d.grid’: True,

‘backend’: ‘module://ipykernel.pylab.backend_inline’,

‘backend.qt4’: ‘PyQt4’,

‘backend.qt5’: ‘PyQt5’,

‘backend_fallback’: True,

‘boxplot.bootstrap’: None,

‘boxplot.boxprops.color’: ‘k’,

‘boxplot.boxprops.linestyle’: ‘-‘,

‘boxplot.boxprops.linewidth’: 1.0,

‘boxplot.capprops.color’: ‘k’,

‘boxplot.capprops.linestyle’: ‘-‘,

‘boxplot.capprops.linewidth’: 1.0,

‘boxplot.flierprops.color’: ‘k’,

‘boxplot.flierprops.linestyle’: ‘none’,

‘boxplot.flierprops.linewidth’: 1.0,

‘boxplot.flierprops.marker’: ‘o’,

‘boxplot.flierprops.markeredgecolor’: ‘k’,

‘boxplot.flierprops.markerfacecolor’: ‘none’,

‘boxplot.flierprops.markersize’: 6.0,

‘boxplot.meanline’: False,

‘boxplot.meanprops.color’: ‘C2’,

‘boxplot.meanprops.linestyle’: ‘–’,

‘boxplot.meanprops.linewidth’: 1.0,

‘boxplot.meanprops.marker’: ‘^’,

‘boxplot.meanprops.markeredgecolor’: ‘C2’,

‘boxplot.meanprops.markerfacecolor’: ‘C2’,

‘boxplot.meanprops.markersize’: 6.0,

‘boxplot.medianprops.color’: ‘C1’,

‘boxplot.medianprops.linestyle’: ‘-‘,

‘boxplot.medianprops.linewidth’: 1.0,

‘boxplot.notch’: False,

‘boxplot.patchartist’: False,

‘boxplot.showbox’: True,

‘boxplot.showcaps’: True,

‘boxplot.showfliers’: True,

‘boxplot.showmeans’: False,

‘boxplot.vertical’: True,

‘boxplot.whiskerprops.color’: ‘k’,

‘boxplot.whiskerprops.linestyle’: ‘-‘,

‘boxplot.whiskerprops.linewidth’: 1.0,

‘boxplot.whiskers’: 1.5,

‘contour.corner_mask’: True,

‘contour.negative_linestyle’: ‘dashed’,

‘datapath’: ‘c:\users\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\mpl-data’,

‘date.autoformatter.day’: ‘%Y-%m-%d’,

‘date.autoformatter.hour’: ‘%m-%d %H’,

‘date.autoformatter.microsecond’: ‘%M:%S.%f’,

‘date.autoformatter.minute’: ‘%d %H:%M’,

‘date.autoformatter.month’: ‘%Y-%m’,

‘date.autoformatter.second’: ‘%H:%M:%S’,

‘date.autoformatter.year’: ‘%Y’,

‘docstring.hardcopy’: False,

‘errorbar.capsize’: 0.0,

‘examples.directory’: ”,

‘figure.autolayout’: False,

‘figure.dpi’: 72.0,

‘figure.edgecolor’: (1, 1, 1, 0),

‘figure.facecolor’: (1, 1, 1, 0),

‘figure.figsize’: [6.0, 4.0],

‘figure.frameon’: True,

‘figure.max_open_warning’: 20,

‘figure.subplot.bottom’: 0.125,

‘figure.subplot.hspace’: 0.2,

‘figure.subplot.left’: 0.125,

‘figure.subplot.right’: 0.9,

‘figure.subplot.top’: 0.88,

‘figure.subplot.wspace’: 0.2,

‘figure.titlesize’: ‘large’,

‘figure.titleweight’: ‘normal’,

‘font.cursive’: [‘Apple Chancery’,

‘Textile’,

‘Zapf Chancery’,

‘Sand’,

‘Script MT’,

‘Felipa’,

‘cursive’],

‘font.family’: [‘sans-serif’],

‘font.fantasy’: [‘Comic Sans MS’,

‘Chicago’,

‘Charcoal’,

‘ImpactWestern’,

‘Humor Sans’,

‘xkcd’,

‘fantasy’],

‘font.monospace’: [‘DejaVu Sans Mono’,

‘Bitstream Vera Sans Mono’,

‘Computer Modern Typewriter’,

‘Andale Mono’,

‘Nimbus Mono L’,

‘Courier New’,

‘Courier’,

‘Fixed’,

‘Terminal’,

‘monospace’],

‘font.sans-serif’: [‘Tahoma’],

‘font.serif’: [‘DejaVu Serif’,

‘Bitstream Vera Serif’,

‘Computer Modern Roman’,

‘New Century Schoolbook’,

‘Century Schoolbook L’,

‘Utopia’,

‘ITC Bookman’,

‘Bookman’,

‘Nimbus Roman No9 L’,

‘Times New Roman’,

‘Times’,

‘Palatino’,

‘Charter’,

‘serif’],

‘font.size’: 10.0,

‘font.stretch’: ‘normal’,

‘font.style’: ‘normal’,

‘font.variant’: ‘normal’,

‘font.weight’: ‘normal’,

‘grid.alpha’: 1.0,

‘grid.color’: ‘#b0b0b0’,

‘grid.linestyle’: ‘-‘,

‘grid.linewidth’: 0.8,

‘hatch.color’: ‘k’,

‘hatch.linewidth’: 1.0,

‘hist.bins’: 10,

‘image.aspect’: ‘equal’,

‘image.cmap’: ‘viridis’,

‘image.composite_image’: True,

‘image.interpolation’: ‘nearest’,

‘image.lut’: 256,

‘image.origin’: ‘upper’,

‘image.resample’: True,

‘interactive’: False,

‘keymap.all_axes’: [‘a’],

‘keymap.back’: [‘left’, ‘c’, ‘backspace’],

‘keymap.forward’: [‘right’, ‘v’],

‘keymap.fullscreen’: [‘f’, ‘ctrl+f’],

‘keymap.grid’: [‘g’],

‘keymap.grid_minor’: [‘G’],

‘keymap.home’: [‘h’, ‘r’, ‘home’],

‘keymap.pan’: [‘p’],

‘keymap.quit’: [‘ctrl+w’, ‘cmd+w’, ‘q’],

‘keymap.quit_all’: [‘W’, ‘cmd+W’, ‘Q’],

‘keymap.save’: [’s’, ‘ctrl+s’],

‘keymap.xscale’: [‘k’, ‘L’],

‘keymap.yscale’: [‘l’],

‘keymap.zoom’: [‘o’],

‘legend.borderaxespad’: 0.5,

‘legend.borderpad’: 0.4,

‘legend.columnspacing’: 2.0,

‘legend.edgecolor’: ‘0.8’,

‘legend.facecolor’: ‘inherit’,

‘legend.fancybox’: True,

‘legend.fontsize’: ‘medium’,

‘legend.framealpha’: 0.8,

‘legend.frameon’: True,

‘legend.handleheight’: 0.7,

‘legend.handlelength’: 2.0,

‘legend.handletextpad’: 0.8,

‘legend.labelspacing’: 0.5,

‘legend.loc’: ‘best’,

‘legend.markerscale’: 1.0,

‘legend.numpoints’: 1,

‘legend.scatterpoints’: 1,

‘legend.shadow’: False,

‘lines.antialiased’: True,

‘lines.color’: ‘r’,

‘lines.dash_capstyle’: ‘butt’,

‘lines.dash_joinstyle’: ‘round’,

‘lines.dashdot_pattern’: [6.4, 1.6, 1.0, 1.6],

‘lines.dashed_pattern’: [3.7, 1.6],

‘lines.dotted_pattern’: [1.0, 1.65],

‘lines.linestyle’: ‘-‘,

‘lines.linewidth’: 3.0,

‘lines.marker’: ‘None’,

‘lines.markeredgewidth’: 1.0,

‘lines.markersize’: 6.0,

‘lines.scale_dashes’: True,

‘lines.solid_capstyle’: ‘projecting’,

‘lines.solid_joinstyle’: ‘round’,

‘markers.fillstyle’: ‘full’,

‘mathtext.bf’: ‘sans:bold’,

‘mathtext.cal’: ‘cursive’,

‘mathtext.default’: ‘it’,

‘mathtext.fallback_to_cm’: True,

‘mathtext.fontset’: ‘dejavusans’,

‘mathtext.it’: ‘sans:italic’,

‘mathtext.rm’: ‘sans’,

‘mathtext.sf’: ‘sans’,

‘mathtext.tt’: ‘monospace’,

‘nbagg.transparent’: True,

‘patch.antialiased’: True,

‘patch.edgecolor’: ‘k’,

‘patch.facecolor’: ‘C0’,

‘patch.force_edgecolor’: False,

‘patch.linewidth’: 1.0,

‘path.effects’: [],

‘path.simplify’: True,

‘path.simplify_threshold’: 0.1111111111111111,

‘path.sketch’: None,

‘path.snap’: True,

‘pdf.compression’: 6,

‘pdf.fonttype’: 3,

‘pdf.inheritcolor’: False,

‘pdf.use14corefonts’: False,

‘pgf.debug’: False,

‘pgf.preamble’: [],

‘pgf.rcfonts’: True,

‘pgf.texsystem’: ‘xelatex’,

‘plugins.directory’: ‘.matplotlib_plugins’,

‘polaraxes.grid’: True,

‘ps.distiller.res’: 6000,

‘ps.fonttype’: 3,

‘ps.papersize’: ‘letter’,

‘ps.useafm’: False,

‘ps.usedistiller’: False,

‘savefig.bbox’: None,

‘savefig.directory’: ‘~’,

‘savefig.dpi’: ‘figure’,

‘savefig.edgecolor’: ‘w’,

‘savefig.facecolor’: ‘w’,

‘savefig.format’: ‘png’,

‘savefig.frameon’: True,

‘savefig.jpeg_quality’: 95,

‘savefig.orientation’: ‘portrait’,

‘savefig.pad_inches’: 0.1,

‘savefig.transparent’: False,

‘scatter.marker’: ‘o’,

‘svg.fonttype’: ‘path’,

‘svg.hashsalt’: None,

‘svg.image_inline’: True,

‘text.antialiased’: True,

‘text.color’: ‘k’,

‘text.hinting’: ‘auto’,

‘text.hinting_factor’: 8,

‘text.latex.preamble’: [],

‘text.latex.preview’: False,

‘text.latex.unicode’: False,

‘text.usetex’: False,

‘timezone’: ‘UTC’,

‘tk.window_focus’: False,

‘toolbar’: ‘toolbar2’,

‘verbose.fileo’: ‘sys.stdout’,

‘verbose.level’: ‘silent’,

‘webagg.open_in_browser’: True,

‘webagg.port’: 8988,

‘webagg.port_retries’: 50,

‘xtick.alignment’: ‘center’,

‘xtick.bottom’: True,

‘xtick.color’: ‘k’,

‘xtick.direction’: ‘out’,

‘xtick.labelsize’: ‘medium’,

‘xtick.major.bottom’: True,

‘xtick.major.pad’: 3.5,

‘xtick.major.size’: 3.5,

‘xtick.major.top’: True,

‘xtick.major.width’: 0.8,

‘xtick.minor.bottom’: True,

‘xtick.minor.pad’: 3.4,

‘xtick.minor.size’: 2.0,

‘xtick.minor.top’: True,

‘xtick.minor.visible’: False,

‘xtick.minor.width’: 0.6,

‘xtick.top’: False,

‘ytick.alignment’: ‘center_baseline’,

‘ytick.color’: ‘k’,

‘ytick.direction’: ‘out’,

‘ytick.labelsize’: ‘medium’,

‘ytick.left’: True,

‘ytick.major.left’: True,

‘ytick.major.pad’: 3.5,

‘ytick.major.right’: True,

‘ytick.major.size’: 3.5,

‘ytick.major.width’: 0.8,

‘ytick.minor.left’: True,

‘ytick.minor.pad’: 3.4,

‘ytick.minor.right’: True,

‘ytick.minor.size’: 2.0,

‘ytick.minor.visible’: False,

‘ytick.minor.width’: 0.6,

‘ytick.right’: False}))

通过rcParams进行设置参数

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# make line red
plt.rcParams['lines.color'] = 'r'
# make line thick
plt.rcParams['lines.linewidth'] = '3'

将配置重置为标准设置

matplotlib.rcdefaults()