Python wmi Cookbook 中文翻译

简介： 

本文所有的例均是假设你在使用来自http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi/cookbook.html的WMI模块。使用此模块，你可以在Windows系统中去体验下面这些实用的例子。或许你将由此了解到WMI的冰山一角。 

下面这些例子，除非有特别说明，均假设你要连接的是当前的机器。如果要连接远程机器，只需要在WMI构造器中指定远程机器名即可：
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI("some_other_machine")
注：这都是些完整的例子，你可以直接复制粘贴到一个.py文件里面，也可以复制粘贴到Python命令行交互窗口（原文作者是在Windows2000系统的CMD窗口做的测试）。 

实例： 

列出所有正在运行的进程
 
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI()
 
for
process in
c.Win32_Process():
 
print process.ProcessId,
process.Name
列出所有正在运行的记事本进程 

 
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI()
 
for
process in
c.Win32_Process(name="notepad.exe"):
 
print process.ProcessId,
process.Name
创建一个新的记事本进程然后结束它
 
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI()
 
process_id, return_value =
c.Win32_Process.Create(CommandLine="notepad.exe")
for
process in
c.Win32_Process
(ProcessId=process_id):
 
print process.ProcessId,
process.Name
 
result = process.Terminate()
显示Win32_Process类的.Create方法的接口 

注：wmi模块会接受WMI方法的传入参数作为Python的关键字参数，并把传出参数作为一个元组进行返回。
 
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI()
 
print
c.Win32_Process.Create
显示没有处于正常运行状态的自启动服务
 
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI()
 
stopped_services =
c.Win32_Service(StartMode="Auto",
State="Stopped")
if
stopped_services:
 
for s
in stopped_services:
   
print s.Caption,
"service is not running"
else:
 
print
"No auto services stopped"
显示每个固定磁盘的剩余空间百分比
 
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI()
 
for
disk in
c.Win32_LogicalDisk(DriveType=3):
 
print disk.Caption,
"%0.2f%% free" %(100.0
* long(disk.FreeSpace) / long(disk.Size))
运行记事本，等它关闭之后显示它里面的文字 

注：这个例子是运行一个进程并且知道它什么时候结束，而不是去处理输入到记事本里面的文字。所以我们只是简单的用记事本打开一个指定文件，等到用户完成输入并关闭记事本之后，显示一下它的内容。 

本例不适用于远程机器，因为处于安全考虑，在远程机器上启动的进程是没有界面的（你在桌面上是看不到它们的）。这类远程操作的技术多用于在服务器上运行一个安装程序，安装结束之后重启机器。
 
import
wmi
c = wmi.WMI()
 
filename =
r"c:\temp\temp.txt"
process = c.Win32_Process
process_id, result = process.Create(CommandLine="notepad.exe
" + filename)
watcher = c.watch_for(
  notification_type="Deletion",
  wmi_class="Win32_Process",
  delay_secs=1,
  ProcessId=process_id
)
 
watcher()
print
"This is what you wrote:"
print
open(filename).read()
监视新的打印任务
 
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI()
 
print_job_watcher
= c.Win32_PrintJob.watch_for(
  notification_type="Creation",
  delay_secs=1
)
 
while
1:
  pj =
print_job_watcher()
 
print
"User %s has submitted %d pages to printer %s" % \
    (pj.Owner, pj.TotalPages, pj.Name)
重启远程机器 

注：要对远程系统进行这样的操作，WMI脚本必须具有远程关机(RemoteShutdown)的权限，也就是说你必须在连接别名中进行指定。WMI构造器允许你传入一个完整的别名，或者是指定你需要的那一部分。使用wmi.WMI.__init__的帮助文档可以找到更多相关内容。
 
import
wmi
# other_machine =
"machine name of your choice"
c
= wmi.WMI(computer=other_machine, privileges=["RemoteShutdown"])
 
os =
c.Win32_OperatingSystem(Primary=1)[0]
os.Reboot()
对于启用IP的网卡显示其IP和MAC地址
 
import
wmi
c = wmi.WMI()
 
for
interface
in
c.Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration(IPEnabled=1):
  print
interface.Description,
interface.MACAddress
 
for ip_address
in
interface.IPAddress:
   
print ip_address
  print
查看自启动项
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI()
 
for
s in
c.Win32_StartupCommand():
 
print
"[%s] %s <%s>" %(s.Location,
s.Caption, s.Command)
监视事件日志中的错误信息
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI(privileges=["Security"])
 
watcher =
c.watch_for(
  notification_type="Creation",
  wmi_class="Win32_NTLogEvent",
 
Type="error"
)
while
1:
  error = watcher()
 
print
"Error in %s log: %s" %(error.Logfile,
error.Message)
  # send mail to sysadmin etc.
列出注册表子键 

注：本例及以下几例使用了Registry()这个方便的函数，此函数是早期加入到wmi包的，它等效于：
import
wmi
r
= wmi.WMI(namespace="DEFAULT").StdRegProv
import
_winreg
import
wmi
 
r = wmi.Registry()
result, names = r.EnumKey(
  hDefKey=_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
  sSubKeyName="Software"
)
for
key in names:
 
print key
增加一个新的注册表子键
import
_winreg
import
wmi
 
r = wmi.Registry()
result, = r.CreateKey(
  hDefKey=_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
  sSubKeyName=r"Software\TJG"
)
增加一个新的注册表键值
import
_winreg
import
wmi
 
r = wmi.Registry()
result, = r.SetStringValue(
  hDefKey=_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
  sSubKeyName=r"Software\TJG",
  sValueName="ApplicationName",
  sValue="TJG
App"
)
创建一个新的IIS站点
import
wmi
c = wmi.WMI(namespace="MicrosoftIISv2")
 
#
# Could as well be achieved by doing:
#  web_server = c.IISWebService(Name="W3SVC")[0]
#
for
web_server in c.IIsWebService(Name="W3SVC"):
 
break
 
binding = c.new("ServerBinding")
binding.IP =
""
binding.Port =
"8383"
binding.Hostname =
""
result, = web_server.CreateNewSite(
  PathOfRootVirtualDir=r"c:\inetpub\wwwroot",
  ServerComment="My
Web Site",
  ServerBindings= [binding.ole_object]
)
显示共享目录
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI()
 
for
share in
c.Win32_Share():
 
print share.Name,
share.Path
显示打印任务
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI()
 
for
printer in
c.Win32_Printer():
 
print printer.Caption
 
for job
in
c.Win32_PrintJob(DriverName=printer.DriverName):
   
print
"  ", job.Document
 
print
显示磁盘分区
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI()
 
for
physical_disk in
c.Win32_DiskDrive():
 
for
partition
in physical_disk.associators("Win32_DiskDriveToDiskPartition"):
   
for logical_disk
in
partition.associators("Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition"):
     
print physical_disk.Caption,
partition.Caption,
logical_disk.Caption
安装一个产品
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI()
 
c.Win32_Product.Install(
 
PackageLocation="c:/temp/python-2.4.2.msi",
 
AllUsers=False
)
使用指定用户名连接另一台机器 

注：你不能使用这个方法连接本机
import
wmi
 
#
# Using wmi module before 1.0rc3
#
connection
= wmi.connect_server(
  server="other_machine",
  user="tim",
  password="secret"
)
c
= wmi.WMI(wmi=connection)
 
#
# Using wmi module at least 1.0rc3
#
c
= wmi.WMI(
  computer="other_machine",
  user="tim",
  password="secret"
)
显示一个方法的签名
import
wmi
c
= wmi.WMI ()
for
opsys in
c.Win32_OperatingSystem
():
 
break
 
print
opsys.Reboot
print
opsys.Shutdown
创建任务计划 

注：WMI的ScheduledJob类相当于Windows的AT服务(通过at命令来控制)。
import
os
import
wmi
 
c = wmi.WMI ()
one_minutes_time = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)
job_id, result = c.Win32_ScheduledJob.Create(
  Command=r"cmd.exe
/c dir /b c:\ > c:\\temp.txt",
  StartTime=wmi.from_time(one_minutes_time)
)
print
job_id
 
for
line in os.popen("at"):
 
print line
以最小化的方式运行一个进程
import
wmi
 
SW_SHOWMINIMIZED
= 1
 
c
= wmi.WMI()
startup =
c.Win32_ProcessStartup.new(ShowWindow=SW_SHOWMINIMIZED)
pid, result =
c.Win32_Process.Create(
 
CommandLine="notepad.exe",
 
ProcessStartupInformation=startup
)
print
pid
查看磁盘类型
import
wmi
 
DRIVE_TYPES
= {
 
0 :
"Unknown",
 
1 :
"No Root Directory",
 
2 :
"Removable Disk",
 
3 :
"Local Disk",
 
4 :
"Network Drive",
 
5 :
"Compact Disc",
 
6 :
"RAM Disk"
}
 
c
= wmi.WMI()
for
drive in
c.Win32_LogicalDisk():
 
print drive.Caption,
DRIVE_TYPES[drive.DriveType]
列出命名空间
import
wmi
 
def
enumerate_namespaces(namespace=u"root",
level=0):
 
print level *
"  ", namespace.split("/")[-1]
  c = wmi.WMI(namespace=namespace)
 
for subnamespace
in c.__NAMESPACE():
    enumerate_namespaces (namespace +
"/" + subnamespace.Name, level +
1)
 
enumerate_namespaces()
在线程中使用WMI 

注：WMI技术是基于COM的，要想在线程中使用它，你必须初始化COM的线程模式，就算你要访问一个隐式线程化的服务也是如此。
import
pythoncom
import
wmi
import
threading
import
time
 
class
Info(threading.Thread):
 
def
__init__(self):
    threading.Thread.__init__(self)
 
def
run(self):
   
print
'In Another Thread...'
    pythoncom.CoInitialize()
   
try:
      c = wmi.WMI()
     
for i
in range(5):
       
for process
in c.Win32_Process():
         
print process.ProcessId, process.Name
        time.sleep(2)
   
finally:
      pythoncom.CoUninitialize()
 
if
__name__ == '__main__':
 
print
'In Main Thread'
  c = wmi.WMI()
 
for process
in c.Win32_Process():
   
print process.ProcessId, process.Name
  Info().start()
监控多台机器的电源事件 

注：这个例子演示了外部事件、线程、远程监控等，所有这些都在一个小小的包里面！无论一台机器何时进入或退出挂起状态，电源子系统都会通过WMI产生一个外部事件。外部事件是非常有用的，因为WMI不必轮询也可以保证你不会错过任何事件。这里的多台机器只是使用进程的一个实际例子而已。
import
pythoncom
import
wmi
import
threading
import
Queue
 
class
Server(threading.Thread):
 
 
def
__init__(self, results, server, user, password):
    threading.Thread.__init__(self)
    self.results = results
    self.server = server
    self.user = user
    self.password = password
    self.setDaemon(True)
 
 
def
run(self):
    pythoncom.CoInitialize()
   
try:
     
#
     
# If you don't want to use explicit logons, remove
     
# the user= and password= params here and ensure
     
# that the user running *this* script has sufficient
     
# privs on the remote machines.
      #
      c = wmi.WMI (self.server, user=self.user, password=self.password)
      power_watcher = c.Win32_PowerManagementEvent.watch_for()
     
while
True:
        self.results.put((self.server, power_watcher()))
   
finally:
      pythoncom.CoUninitialize()
 
#
# Obviously, change these to match the machines
# in your network which probably won't be named
# after Harry Potter characters. And which hopefully
# use a less obvious admin password.
#
servers = [
  ("goyle",
"administrator",
"secret"),
  ("malfoy",
"administrator",
"secret")
]
if
__name__ == '__main__':
  power_events = Queue.Queue()
 
for server, user, password
in servers:
   
print
"Watching for", server
    Server (power_events, server, user, password).start()
 
 
while
True:
    server, power_event = power_events.get()
   
print server,
"=>", power_event.EventType
查看当前的墙纸
import
wmi
import
win32api
import
win32con
 
c
= wmi.WMI()
full_username = win32api.GetUserNameEx(win32con.NameSamCompatible)
for
desktop in
c.Win32_Desktop(Name=full_username):
 
print \
    desktop.Wallpaper
or "[No Wallpaper]", \
    desktop.WallpaperStretched,
desktop.WallpaperTiled

原文地址：http://www.bathome.net/thread-16256-1-1.html