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PHP学习笔记 06 - 数组

2017-11-21 13:50 387 查看

PHP 数组

使用 array() 创建数组

类型:索引数组、关联数组

索引数组

语法:array(element1, element2, …)

访问元素:$arr[index]

count() 返回数组长度

示例:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Indexed Array</title>
</head>

<body>
<div class="well">
<?php
$fav_langs = array('PHP', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Go');
echo 'My favorite programming languages are ' . $fav_langs[0];
$arrlength = count($fav_langs);
for ($i = 1; $i < $arrlength - 1; ++$i) {
echo ', ' . $fav_langs[$i];
}
echo ' and ' . $fav_langs[$arrlength - 1] . '<br>';
?>
</div>
</body>

</html>


查看运行结果

关联数组

关联数组类似 Map,存放键值对

语法:array(key1=>value1, key2=>value2, …)

访问元素:$arr[key]

使用 foreach 遍历关联数组:

foreach($arr as $key => $value) {
// do something using $key and $value
}


示例:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Associative Array</title>
</head>

<body>
<div class="well">
<?php
$fav_colors = array('red'=>'#FF0000', 'green'=>'#00FF00', 'blue'=>'#0000FF');
foreach ($fav_colors as $color => $value) {
echo '<span style="color:' . $value . '">' . $color . ': ' . $value . '</span><br>';
}

?>
</div>
</body>

</html>


查看运行结果

打印数组

使用 print_r() 打印数组

数组排序

函数说明
short()数组升序排序
rsort()数组降序排序
asort()关联数组按值升序排序
ksort()关联数组按键升序排序
arsort()关联数组按值降序排序
krsort()关联数组按键降序排序
示例:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Sorting Arrays</title>
</head>

<body>
<div class="well">
<?php

function print_indexed_arr($arr) {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); ++$i) {
echo $arr[$i] . ' ';
}
}

function print_associative_arr($arr) {
foreach ($arr as $color => $value) {
echo $color . '=>' . $value . ' ';
}
}

echo '<h2>Sorting indexed array</h2>';
$fav_langs = array('PHP', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Go');
echo 'origin:<br>';
print_indexed_arr($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
sort($fav_langs);
echo 'ascending order:<br>';
print_indexed_arr($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
rsort($fav_langs);
echo 'descending order:<br>';
print_indexed_arr($fav_langs);

echo '<br><br>';

echo '<h2>Sorting associative array</h2>';
$fav_colors = array('red'=>'#FF0000', 'chocolate'=>'#D2691E', 'green'=>'#00FF00', 'blue'=>'#0000FF');
echo 'origin:<br>';
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
asort($fav_colors);
echo 'ascending order by value:<br>';
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
ksort($fav_colors);
echo 'ascending order by key:<br>';
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
arsort($fav_colors);
echo 'descending order by value:<br>';
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
krsort($fav_colors);
echo 'descending order by key:<br>';
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
?>
</div>
</body>

</html>


查看运行结果

数组的增删改

修改元素的值

修改索引数组元素的值:
$arr[index] = newValue;
index 从 0 开始

修改关联数组元素的值:
$arr[keyName] = newValue;


示例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Array Modification</title>
</head>

<body>
<div class="well">
<?php

function print_indexed_arr($arr) {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); ++$i) {
echo $arr[$i] . ' ';
}
}

function print_associative_arr($arr) {
foreach ($arr as $color => $value) {
echo $color . '=>' . $value . ' ';
}
}

// 修改索引数组中的元素
echo('<h2>Indexed Array Modification</h2>');
$fav_langs = array('PHP', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Go');
echo('origin:<br>');
print_indexed_arr($fav_langs);
echo('<br>');
$fav_langs[1] = 'C/C++';   // 修改第2个元素的值
$fav_langs[4] = 'Golang';  // 修改第5个元素的值
echo('after modification:<br>');
print_indexed_arr($fav_langs);
echo('<br>');

// 修改关联数组中的元素
echo('<h2>Associative Array Modification</h2>');
$fav_colors = array('red'=>'#FF0000', 'green'=>'#00FF00', 'blue'=>'#0000FF');
echo('origin:<br>');
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo('<br>');
$fav_colors['red'] = '#EE0000';   // 修改key为'red'的元素的值
$fav_colors['green'] = '#00EE00'; // 修改key为'green'的元素的值
$fav_colors['blue'] = '#0000EE';  // 修改key为'blue'的元素的值
echo('after modification:<br>');
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo('<br>');
?>
</div>
</body>

</html>


查看运行结果

增加元素

增加元素到索引数组

函数说明
array_push(array,value1,value2…)插入元素到数组末尾,不能应用于关联数组
array_unshift(array,value1,value2…)插入元素到数组开头,不能应用于关联数组

增加元素到关联数组

$arr['newKey'] = value


示例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Inserting Element to Array</title>
</head>

<body>
<div class="well">
<?php

echo '<h2>Inserting Elements to Indexed Array</h2>';
$fav_langs = array('PHP', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Go');
echo 'origin:<br>';
print_r($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
echo 'Push element to back:<br>';
array_push($fav_langs, 'C#', 'VB');  // 追加元素到末尾
print_r($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
echo 'Insert element to front:<br>';
array_unshift($fav_langs, 'Perl', 'R');  // 插入元素到开头
print_r($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';

echo '<h2>Inserting Elements to Associative Array</h2>';
$fav_colors = array('red'=>'#FF0000', 'green'=>'#00FF00', 'blue'=>'#0000FF');
echo 'origin:<br>';
print_r($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
$fav_colors['yellow'] = '#FFFF00';  // 插入元素到关联数组
echo 'After insert element:<br>';
print_r($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';

?>
</div>
</body>

</html>


查看运行结果

删除元素

函数说明
array_pop(array)删除末尾元素,返回删除的元素
array_shift(array)删除开头元素,返回删除的元素

示例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Removing Element from Array</title>
</head>

<body>
<div class="well">
<?php

echo '<h2>Removing Elements from Indexed Array</h2>';
$fav_langs = array('PHP', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Go');
echo 'origin:<br>';
print_r($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
$e = array_pop($fav_langs);  // 删除末尾元素
echo 'Removed last: ' . $e . '<br>';
print_r($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
$e = array_shift($fav_langs);  // 删除开头元素
echo 'Removed front: ' . $e . '<br>';
print_r($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';

echo '<h2>Removing Elements from Associative Array</h2>';
$fav_colors = array('red'=>'#FF0000', 'green'=>'#00FF00', 'blue'=>'#0000FF');
echo 'origin:<br>';
print_r($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
$e = array_pop($fav_colors);  // 删除末尾元素
echo 'Removed last: ' . $e . '<br>';
print_r($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
$e = array_shift($fav_colors);  // 删除开头元素
echo 'Removed front: ' . $e . '<br>';
print_r($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';

?>
</div>
</body>

</html>


查看运行结果
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