利用路由器实现单层交换机不同VLAN之间的互通

实验的一些简单配置
首先配置PC机

PC1 IP:192.168.1.1 子网掩码：255.255.255.0 网关：192.168.1.254

PC2 IP:192.168.1.2 子网掩码：255.255.255.0 网关：192.168.1.254PC3 IP:192.168.2.1 子网掩码：255.255.255.0 网关：192.168.2.254PC4 IP:192.168.2.2 子网掩码：255.255.255.0 网关：192.168.2.254

PC1与交换机SW1连口f0/1 PC2与交换机SW1连口f0/2 PC3与交换机SW2连口f0/1 PC4与交换机连口f0/2
交换机SW1与交换机SW2连口f0/3
路由器口g0/0与交换机SW1连口f0/4 路由器口g0/1与交换机连口f0/4
注意（红色字体为关键命令）

进入交换机SW1

Switch>enable //切换模式
Switch#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname SW1 //修改主机名
SW1(config)#vlan 10 //创建虚拟局域网
SW1(config-vlan)#vlan 20
SW1(config-vlan)#exit //退出
SW1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1 //进入端口f0/1
SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access //切换端口模式
SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 // 将端口f0/1加入vlan 10
SW1(config-if)#exit
SW1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2
SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
SW1(config-if)#exit
SW1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4
SW1(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
SW1(config-if)#exit
SW1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3
SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk //将f0/3端口模式trunk
SW1(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up

SW1(config-if)#exit
SW1(config)#exit
SW1#show vlan //查看vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
Gig0/1, Gig0/2
10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1,Fa0/4
20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/2
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

进行交换机SW2的配置
Switch>
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname
Switch(config)#hostname SW2
SW2(config)#vlan 10
SW2(config-vlan)#vlan 20
SW2(config-vlan)#exit
SW2(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
SW2(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
SW2(config-if)#exit
SW2(config)#interface fastethernet 0/4
SW2(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
SW2(config-if)#exit

SW2(config)#interface fastethernet 0/2
SW2(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
SW2(config-if)#exit
SW2(config)#exit
SW2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
SW2#show interfaces trunk //查看端口trunk
Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan
Fa0/3 auto n-802.1q trunking 1

Port Vlans allowed on trunk
Fa0/3 1-1005

Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Fa0/3 1,10,20

Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Fa0/3 1,10,20
SW2#
SW2#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

SW2(config)#exit
SW2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

SW2#show vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
Gig0/1, Gig0/2
10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1, Fa0/4
20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/2
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0

Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
SW2#

进行路由器的配置

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface g0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0 //配置网关（与PC机的网关一致）
Router(config-if)#no shutdown //打开端口

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface g0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#show ip route //查看路由表
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L 192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.2.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
Router#

实验结果

Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ping 192.168.1.2

Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 0ms

PC>ping 192.168.2.1

Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

PC>ping 192.168.2.2

Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

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