How to Switchover&Failover in DataGuard-11G

基础配置
为了方便每一步的操作是在哪个机器操作的，特意设置了glogin.sql

路径：$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql中添加如下代码：

define _editor=vi

set line 150

set pagesize 9999

set long 5000

set serveroutput on size 1000000

col object_name for a30

col name for a30

col segment_name for a30

col file_name for a50

col event for a40

col value for a40

define gname=idle

column global_name new_value gname

set termout off

select lower(user)||'@'||(select db_unique_name from v$database) global_name from v$database;

set sqlprompt '&gname>'

set termout on
Switchover
1、检查主、备库归档日志序列一致
sys@prixcky>select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)

--------------

  202

sys@stdxcky>select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)

--------------

  202
2、检查主库有无活动session
sys@prixcky>select username,sid,serial# from v$session where username is not null;

USERNAME      SID    SERIAL#

----------------------------

XCKY           52        3

SYS            59     1083

SYS           142      789

SYS           225      151
3、检查主库是否可切换为physical standby
sys@prixcky>select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME       DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS

-----------------------------------------------------------------

XCKY       PRIMARY       MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  TO STANDBY
4、主库切换为目标备库
sys@prixcky> alter database commit to switchover to standby with session shutdown ;

Database altered.

sys@prixcky>select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME       DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

XCKY       PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  RECOVERY NEEDED
5、目标备库启动到mount
此时，目标备库已经不再连接数据库，直接退出，

sys@prixcky>quit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@ora11g ~]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Sep 13 05:08:45 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

idle>startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 6413680640 bytes

Fixed Size    2240344 bytes

Variable Size 3187671208 bytes

Database Buffers3204448256 bytes

Redo Buffers   19320832 bytes

Database mounted. 
6、查看原备库是否可切换为目标主库
sys@stdxcky>select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME      DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS

------------------------------------------------------------------

XCKY      PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  SESSIONS ACTIVE
7、原备库切换为目标主库
sys@stdxcky>alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown ;

Database altered.

sys@stdxcky>select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME       DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS

------------------------------ ------------------------------------

XCKY       PRIMARY       MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE      NOT ALLOWED
8、目标主库开库
sys@stdxcky>alter database open;

Database altered.

sys@stdxcky>select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME       DATABASE_ROLE  PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS

---------------------------------------------------------------

XCKY       PRIMARY        MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  RESOLVABLE GAP
9、目标备库开库
idle>alter database open; 

Database altered.

idle>select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME       DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS

-----------------------------------------------------------------

XCKY       PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  RECOVERY NEEDED
10、检查主备库状态，恢复DG可用
目标备库恢复RTA
idle> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;----启用日志应用，应用主库传输过来的redo

Media recovery complete.

idle>select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME       DATABASE_ROLEPROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS

------------------------------ -----------------------------------   --------------------
XCKY       PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  NOT ALLOWED

查看recovery_mode为MANAGED,启用了日志应用

sys@prixcky>select dest_id,recovery_mode from v$archive_dest_status where dest_id=1;

   DEST_ID RECOVERY_MODE

    ----------   --------------
     1             MANAGED

sys@prixcky>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session
*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01153: an incompatible media recovery is active

sys@prixcky>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;----首先要取消managed的recovery_mode

Database altered.

----启用RTA的recovery_mode

sys@prixcky>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

Database altered.

sys@prixcky>select dest_id,recovery_mode from v$archive_dest_status where dest_id=1;

   DEST_ID RECOVERY_MODE

   ----------    -----------------------
         1        
MANAGED REAL TIME APPLY



目标主库状态
sys@stdxcky>select name,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME       DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE               SWITCHOVER_STATUS

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

XCKY       PRIMARY                  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE     TO STANDBY