准备：安装、创建项目、APP

安装Django

在基于Debian的系统中有两种安装方法，分别为在线安装和下载安装包安装。我们采用安装包安装。

1. 首先在Django官网上下载安装包

Django-x.x.x.tar.gz

。

2. 在目标安装目录下解压安装包

tar xzvf Django-x.x.x.tar.gz

3. 进入解压后

Django-x.x.x

目录，进行安装

sudo python setup.py install

安装成功。

创建项目（project）

进入新项目代码所在的目录，为了创建新项目输入以下代码：

django-admin startproject exercise

此时，在该目录下创建了名为“exercise”的项目文件夹。进入该文件夹，可发现该项目结构如下：

tree exercise/
exercise/
├── exercise
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py

1 directory, 5 files

其中：

- The outer

exercise/

root directory is just a container for your project. Its name doesn’t matter to Django; you can rename it to anything you like.

-

manage.py

: A command-line utility that lets you interact with this Django project in various ways. You can read all the details about manage.py in django-admin and manage.py.

- The inner

exercise/

directory is the actual Python package for your project. Its name is the Python package

name you’ll need to use to import anything inside it (e.g. mysite.urls).

-

exercise/__init__.py

: An empty file that tells Python that this directory should be considered a Python package. If you’re a Python beginner, read more about packages in the official Python docs.

-

exercise/settings.py

: Settings/configuration for this Django project. Django settings will tell you all

about how settings work.

-

exercise/urls.py

: The URL declarations for this Django project; a “table of contents” of your Django powered site. You can read more about URLs in URL dispatcher.

-

exercise/wsgi.py

: An entry-point for WSGI-compatible web servers to serve your project. See How to deploy with WSGI for more details.

创建app

创建完项目工作环境后，需要我们为web应用创建app。

What’s the difference between a project and an app? An app is a Web application that does something – e.g., a Weblog system, a database of public records or a simple poll app. A project is a collection of configuration and apps for a particular website. A project can contain multiple apps. An app can be in multiple projects.

在该

myweb

项目下创建app须在

myweb

目录下输入以下命令：

python manage.py startapp mysite

完成后可以发现在

exercise

目录下多出一个名为

mysite

的文件夹，其结构如下：

tree mysite/
mysite/
├── admin.py
├── apps.py
├── __init__.py
├── migrations
│   └── __init__.py
├── models.py
├── tests.py
└── views.py

在创建完app后需要将该app添加至

exercise

项目中

settings.py

文件的

INSTALL_APPS

中：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'mysite.apps.MysiteConfig',
]

将app添加之项目后，需要为整个app创建相应的URL，该URL在

exercise/urls.py

中创建。为此，在该文件中添加下列命令：

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^mysite/', include('mysite.urls')),
]

除此以外，我们还需要设置Django使用的数据库，该设置同样在settings.py文件中实现。Django默认使用的数据库为SQLite3，因此，当我们没有设置settings.py中数据库相关项时，Django使用SQLite3存储数据。本项目中采用MySQL数据，其在settings.py设置如下：

DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'djangodb',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': 'XXXXXXXXX',
'HOST': '',
'PORT': '',
}
}

其中在’ENGINE’中指出我们采用MySQL数据库，’USER’和’PASSWORD’项分别指出我们在MySQL中使用的用户名和相应密码，’NAME’指出我们将采用MySQL数据库中名为’djangodb’的数据库。

至此，整个app的设置大体完成。