ThinkPHP 数据库操作之数据表模型和基础模型 ( Model )

一、定义数据表模型

1.模型映射

要测试数据库是否正常连接，最直接的办法就是在当前控制器中实例化数据表，然后使用 dump 函数输出，查看数据库的链接状态。代码：

public function testdb(){

$obj=M("User");
dump($obj);
}

此时浏览器输出：

object(Model)#5 (20) {
["_extModel:private"] => NULL
["db:protected"] => object(DbMysql)#7 (18) {
["dbType:protected"] => string(5) "MYSQL"
["autoFree:protected"] => bool(false)
["model:protected"] => string(7) "_think_"
["pconnect:protected"] => bool(false)
["queryStr:protected"] => string(28) "SHOW COLUMNS FROM `tpk_user`"
["modelSql:protected"] => array(1) {
["user"] => string(28) "SHOW COLUMNS FROM `tpk_user`"
}
["lastInsID:protected"] => NULL
["numRows:protected"] => int(2)
["numCols:protected"] => int(0)
["transTimes:protected"] => int(0)
["error:protected"] => string(0) ""
["linkID:protected"] => array(1) {
[0] => resource(27) of type (mysql link)
}
["_linkID:protected"] => resource(27) of type (mysql link)
["queryID:protected"] => resource(28) of type (mysql result)
["connected:protected"] => bool(true)
["comparison:protected"] => array(10) {
["eq"] => string(1) "="
["neq"] => string(2) "<>"
["gt"] => string(1) ">"
["egt"] => string(2) ">="
["lt"] => string(1) "<"
["elt"] => string(2) "<="
["notlike"] => string(8) "NOT LIKE"
["like"] => string(4) "LIKE"
["in"] => string(2) "IN"
["notin"] => string(6) "NOT IN"
}
["selectSql:protected"] => string(96) "SELECT%DISTINCT% %FIELD% FROM %TABLE%%JOIN%%WHERE%%GROUP%%HAVING%%ORDER%%LIMIT% %UNION%%COMMENT%"
["bind:protected"] => array(0) {
}
}
["pk:protected"] => string(2) "id"
["tablePrefix:protected"] => string(4) "tpk_"
["name:protected"] => string(4) "user"
["dbName:protected"] => string(0) ""
["connection:protected"] => string(0) ""
["tableName:protected"] => string(0) ""
["trueTableName:protected"] => string(8) "tpk_user"
["error:protected"] => string(0) ""
["fields:protected"] => array(5) {
[0] => string(2) "id"
[1] => string(8) "username"
["_autoinc"] => bool(true)
["_pk"] => string(2) "id"
["_type"] => array(2) {
["id"] => string(7) "int(11)"
["username"] => string(11) "varchar(20)"
}
}
["data:protected"] => array(0) {
}
["options:protected"] => array(0) {
}
["_validate:protected"] => array(0) {
}
["_auto:protected"] => array(0) {
}
["_map:protected"] => array(0) {
}
["_scope:protected"] => array(0) {
}
["autoCheckFields:protected"] => bool(true)
["patchValidate:protected"] => bool(false)
["methods:protected"] => array(13) {
[0] => string(5) "table"
[1] => string(5) "order"
[2] => string(5) "alias"
[3] => string(6) "having"
[4] => string(5) "group"
[5] => string(4) "lock"
[6] => string(8) "distinct"
[7] => string(4) "auto"
[8] => string(6) "filter"
[9] => string(8) "validate"
[10] => string(6) "result"
[11] => string(4) "bind"
[12] => string(5) "token"
}
}
http://127.0.0.26/index.php/index/testdb
array(6) { [0] => array(7) { ["id"] => string(1) "1" ["title"] => string(4) "test" ["content"] => string(12) "test_content" ["category"] => string(13) "test_category" ["area"] => string(6) "北京" ["add_user"] => string(5) "admin" ["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-20 23:03:44" } [1] => array(7) { ["id"] => string(1) "2" ["title"] => string(12) "吼吼吼吼" ["content"] => string(18) "任溶溶柔然人" ["category"] => string(14) "test_category2" ["area"] => string(6) "河北" ["add_user"] => string(5) "admin" ["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-22 15:16:12" } [2] => array(7) { ["id"] => string(1) "4" ["title"] => string(7) "test2_m" ["content"] => string(4) "haha" ["category"] => string(0) "" ["area"] => string(6) "福建" ["add_user"] => NULL ["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-22 11:44:26" } [3] => array(7) { ["id"] => string(1) "5" ["title"] => string(2) "22" ["content"] => NULL ["category"] => string(0) "" ["area"] => string(6) "福建" ["add_user"] => NULL ["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-22 12:40:58" } [4] => array(7) { ["id"] => string(1) "6" ["title"] => string(1) "1" ["content"] => string(1) "2" ["category"] => string(0) "" ["area"] => string(6) "福建" ["add_user"] => NULL ["add_time"] => NULL } [5] => array(7) { ["id"] => string(1) "7" ["title"] => string(6) "lalala" ["content"] => string(6) "hohoho" ["category"] => string(0) "" ["area"] => string(6) "北京" ["add_user"] => NULL ["add_time"] => NULL } }
http://127.0.0.26/index.php/index/article

array(6) {
[0] => array(7) {
["id"] => string(1) "1"
["title"] => string(4) "test"
["content"] => string(12) "test_content"
["category"] => string(13) "test_category"
["area"] => string(6) "北京"
["add_user"] => string(5) "admin"
["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-20 23:03:44"
}
[1] => array(7) {
["id"] => string(1) "2"
["title"] => string(12) "吼吼吼吼"
["content"] => string(18) "任溶溶柔然人"
["category"] => string(14) "test_category2"
["area"] => string(6) "河北"
["add_user"] => string(5) "admin"
["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-22 15:16:12"
}
[2] => array(7) {
["id"] => string(1) "4"
["title"] => string(7) "test2_m"
["content"] => string(4) "haha"
["category"] => string(0) ""
["area"] => string(6) "福建"
["add_user"] => NULL
["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-22 11:44:26"
}
[3] => array(7) {
["id"] => string(1) "5"
["title"] => string(2) "22"
["content"] => NULL
["category"] => string(0) ""
["area"] => string(6) "福建"
["add_user"] => NULL
["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-22 12:40:58"
}
[4] => array(7) {
["id"] => string(1) "6"
["title"] => string(1) "1"
["content"] => string(1) "2"
["category"] => string(0) ""
["area"] => string(6) "福建"
["add_user"] => NULL
["add_time"] => NULL
}
[5] => array(7) {
["id"] => string(1) "7"
["title"] => string(6) "lalala"
["content"] => string(6) "hohoho"
["category"] => string(0) ""
["area"] => string(6) "北京"
["add_user"] => NULL
["add_time"] => NULL
}
}

例2：让 tpk_article 表的内容根据客户所在的地区显示当地的新闻：

ArticleModel.class.php:

<?php
class ArticleModel extends Model{

public function article(){

$rows=$this->where("area='{$this->checkUserArea()}'")->select();
return $rows;
}

protected function checkUserArea(){

return "北京";
}

控制器代码：

IndexAction.class.php:

<?php
class IndexAction extends Action {

$obj=D("Article");
$rows=$obj->article();
$this->assign("list",$rows);
$this->display();

同时视图代码：

TPL/Index/article.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<volist name="list" id="vo">
<li><{$vo.title}> - <{$vo.area}> - <{$vo.content}></li>
</volist>

</body>
</html>

附：数据表 tpk_article 的表结构为：



总结：自定义模型映射，一个模型对应一个数据表，所有增删改查都在模型类中完成。M 实例化的参数是数据库的表名，D 实例化的是自己在 model 文件夹下建立的模型文件。

3.create 方法

TP 对数据的插入和更新都做了高度封装：提供了 create() 方法用于创建数据对象。

概念：数据对象 —— 数据字段与数据表之间的关系，数据会被映射为类成员，再与数据表映射，最后实现数据的插入或更新。

create() 方法是连贯操作、CURD 操作的集合 ( 包括数据创建、数据检验、表单验证、自动完成等 )。

cerate() 的数据源由 POST 表单提供，比如表单中有 username 表单元素，则该元素会被自动映射为数据表中的 username 字段。数据对象创建成功以后，对象被存放于内存中。

例：添加数据

控制器：IndexAction，动作：add_article，代码：

IndexAction.class.php:

<?php
class IndexAction extends Action {

Public function add_article(){

$this->display();
}
｝

视图: Tpl/Index/add_article.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<form method="post" action="__URL__/add">

<input type="text" name="title" placeholder="标题"><br><br>
<textarea name="content" id="content" placeholder="内容"></textarea><br><br>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="提交">

</form>

</body>
</html>

__URL__/add 表示当前控制器的 add 动作。

add 动作代码：

<?php
class IndexAction extends Action {

public function add(){

//表单处理
$articleObj = M('Article');
$articleObj->create();
$articleObj->add_time = date("Y-m-d H:i:s",time());
if($articleObj->add()){

$this->success("数据添加成功");
}else{

$this->error("数据添加失败");
}
}

例子结束。

4.模型属性( Model )

_map 属性：字段映射

为了避免前台表单元素与数据库字段名相同而使数据库字段暴露，可以修改前台表单元素的 name，同时在 Model 中使用 _map 属性。代码：

视图：Tpl/Index/add_article.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<form method="post" action="__URL__/add">

<input type="text" name="subject" placeholder="标题"><br><br>
<textarea name="textEdit" id="content" placeholder="内容"></textarea><br><br>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="提交">

</form>

</body>
</html>

模型：ArticleModel.class.php:

<?php
class ArticleModel extends Model{

//使用_map属性(字段映射)将表单元素映射为相应表字段
protected $_map = array(

"subject"=>"title",
"textEdit"=>"content"
);

}

控制器：IndexAction.class.php:

<?php

class IndexAction extends Action {

$articleObj = D("Article");
$articleObj->create();
$articleObj->add_time = date("Y-m-d H:i:s",time());
if($articleObj->add()){

$this->success("数据添加成功");
}else{

$this->error("数据添加失败");
}
}

例子结束。

二、基础模型

1.连贯操作

连贯方法除了 select() 方法外，其他的连贯方法不区分前后顺序。

例：

$rows=$obj->where("add_user='dee'")->order("add_time desc")->limit(10)->select();

2.CURD

① 创建数据 add()

<?php

class IndexAction extends Action {

public function post(){

$articleObj = D("Article");
$data['title'] = $_POST['subject'];
$data['content'] = $_POST['textEdit'];
$data['add_time'] = date("Y-m-d H:i:s",time());
if($articleObj->add($data)){

$this->success("数据添加成功");
}else{

$this->error("数据添加失败");
}
}
}

另一个例子：

<?php

class IndexAction extends Action {

public function post(){

$articleObj = D("Article");
$data['title'] = $_POST['subject'];
$data['content'] = $_POST['textEdit'];
$data['add_time'] = date("Y-m-d H:i:s",time());
if($articleObj->data($data)->add()){

$this->success("数据添加成功");
}else{

$this->error("数据添加失败");
}
}
}

② 更新数据 save()

<?php

class IndexAction extends Action {
public function post2(){

$articleObj = M("Article");
$data['id'] = 2;
$data['title'] = $_POST['subject'];
$data['content'] = $_POST['textEdit'];
$data['area'] = '河北';
$data['add_time'] = date("Y-m-d H:i:s",time());
if($articleObj->save($data)){

$this->success("数据修改成功");
}else{

$this->error("数据修改失败");
}
}
}

③ 读取数据 select 和 getFiled

getField 例子：

<?php

class IndexAction extends Action {

public function post3(){

$articleObj = M("Article");
if($articleObj->where("id=3")->setField("content","{$_POST['subject']}")){

$this->success("数据修改成功");
}else{

$this->error("数据修改失败");
}
}
｝

④ 删除数据 delete

<?php

class IndexAction extends Action {

public function delete(){

$articleObj = M("Article");
if($articleObj->where("id=".$_GET['id'])->delete()){

$this->success("数据删除成功");
}else{

$this->error("数据删除失败");
}
}
｝

3.查询语言

例子：

<?php

class IndexAction extends Action {

public function archives(){

$obj = M("Archives");
//      $data['writer'] = array("eq","网络营销中心");
//      $data['title'] = array("like","精诚%");
$data['id'] = array("lt","100");
$rows=$obj->where($data)->select();

$count=$obj->where($data)->count();
$tb=C("DB_PREFIX");

$this->assign("list",$rows);
$this->assign("count",$count);
$this->assign("tb",$tb);
$this->display("Article");
}

public function archives2(){

$obj = M("Archives");
$data['id'] = array(array("lt","1034"),array("GT","1029"),"and");
$rows=$obj->where($data)->select();
$this->assign("list",$rows);
$this->display("Article");
}
｝

可以在控制器中使用 echo $obj->getLastSql(); 查看转换后的 SQL 语句。

参考资料：《PHP MVC 开发实战》