媒体和相机：相机 API

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />

<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />

<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" android:required="false" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
...
<!-- Needed only if your app targets Android 5.0 (API level 21) or higher. -->
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.location.gps" />

/** Check if this device has a camera */
private boolean checkCameraHardware(Context context) {
if (context.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_CAMERA)){
// this device has a camera
return true;
} else {
// no camera on this device
return false;
}
}

/** A safe way to get an instance of the Camera object. */
public static Camera getCameraInstance(){
Camera c = null;
try {
c = Camera.open(); // attempt to get a Camera instance
}
catch (Exception e){
// Camera is not available (in use or does not exist)
}
return c; // returns null if camera is unavailable
}

/** A basic Camera preview class */
public class CameraPreview extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {
private SurfaceHolder mHolder;
private Camera mCamera;

public CameraPreview(Context context, Camera camera) {
super(context);
mCamera = camera;

// Install a SurfaceHolder.Callback so we get notified when the
// underlying surface is created and destroyed.
mHolder = getHolder();
mHolder.addCallback(this);
// deprecated setting, but required on Android versions prior to 3.0
mHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);
}

public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
// The Surface has been created, now tell the camera where to draw the preview.
try {
mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
mCamera.startPreview();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "Error setting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
}
}

public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
// empty. Take care of releasing the Camera preview in your activity.
}

public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) {
// If your preview can change or rotate, take care of those events here.
// Make sure to stop the preview before resizing or reformatting it.

if (mHolder.getSurface() == null){
// preview surface does not exist
return;
}

// stop preview before making changes
try {
mCamera.stopPreview();
} catch (Exception e){
// ignore: tried to stop a non-existent preview
}

// set preview size and make any resize, rotate or
// reformatting changes here

// start preview with new settings
try {
mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mHolder);
mCamera.startPreview();

} catch (Exception e){
Log.d(TAG, "Error starting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/camera_preview"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/button_capture"
android:text="Capture"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
/>
</LinearLayout>

<activity android:name=".CameraActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name"

android:screenOrientation="landscape">
<!-- configure this activity to use landscape orientation -->

<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>

public class CameraActivity extends Activity {

private Camera mCamera;
private CameraPreview mPreview;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);

// Create an instance of Camera
mCamera = getCameraInstance();

// Create our Preview view and set it as the content of our activity.
mPreview = new CameraPreview(this, mCamera);
FrameLayout preview = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.camera_preview);
preview.addView(mPreview);
}
}

private PictureCallback mPicture = new PictureCallback() {

@Override
public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {

File pictureFile = getOutputMediaFile(MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE);
if (pictureFile == null){
Log.d(TAG, "Error creating media file, check storage permissions: " +
e.getMessage());
return;
}

try {
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(pictureFile);
fos.write(data);
fos.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "File not found: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "Error accessing file: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
};

// Add a listener to the Capture button
Button captureButton = (Button) findViewById(id.button_capture);
captureButton.setOnClickListener(
new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// get an image from the camera
mCamera.takePicture(null, null, mPicture);
}
}
);

private boolean prepareVideoRecorder(){

mCamera = getCameraInstance();
mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();

// Step 1: Unlock and set camera to MediaRecorder
mCamera.unlock();
mMediaRecorder.setCamera(mCamera);

// Step 2: Set sources
mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.CAMCORDER);
mMediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA);

// Step 3: Set a CamcorderProfile (requires API Level 8 or higher)
mMediaRecorder.setProfile(CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_HIGH));

// Step 4: Set output file
mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(getOutputMediaFile(MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO).toString());

// Step 5: Set the preview output
mMediaRecorder.setPreviewDisplay(mPreview.getHolder().getSurface());

// Step 6: Prepare configured MediaRecorder
try {
mMediaRecorder.prepare();
} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "IllegalStateException preparing MediaRecorder: " + e.getMessage());
releaseMediaRecorder();
return false;
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "IOException preparing MediaRecorder: " + e.getMessage());
releaseMediaRecorder();
return false;
}
return true;
}

// Step 3: Set output format and encoding (for versions prior to API Level 8)
mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4);
mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.DEFAULT);
mMediaRecorder.setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.DEFAULT);

setVideoEncodingBitRate()

setVideoSize()

setVideoFrameRate()

setAudioEncodingBitRate()

setAudioChannels()

setAudioSamplingRate()使用MediaRecorder.release（）释放媒体录音机

private boolean isRecording = false;

// Add a listener to the Capture button
Button captureButton = (Button) findViewById(id.button_capture);
captureButton.setOnClickListener(
new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (isRecording) {
// stop recording and release camera
mMediaRecorder.stop();  // stop the recording
releaseMediaRecorder(); // release the MediaRecorder object
mCamera.lock();         // take camera access back from MediaRecorder

// inform the user that recording has stopped
setCaptureButtonText("Capture");
isRecording = false;
} else {
// initialize video camera
if (prepareVideoRecorder()) {
// Camera is available and unlocked, MediaRecorder is prepared,
// now you can start recording
mMediaRecorder.start();

// inform the user that recording has started
setCaptureButtonText("Stop");
isRecording = true;
} else {
// prepare didn't work, release the camera
releaseMediaRecorder();
// inform user
}
}
}
}
);

public class CameraActivity extends Activity {
private Camera mCamera;
private SurfaceView mPreview;
private MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder;

...

@Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
releaseMediaRecorder();       // if you are using MediaRecorder, release it first
releaseCamera();              // release the camera immediately on pause event
}

private void releaseMediaRecorder(){
if (mMediaRecorder != null) {
mMediaRecorder.reset();   // clear recorder configuration
mMediaRecorder.release(); // release the recorder object
mMediaRecorder = null;
mCamera.lock();           // lock camera for later use
}
}

private void releaseCamera(){
if (mCamera != null){
mCamera.release();        // release the camera for other applications
mCamera = null;
}
}
}

Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory

Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES

Context.getExternalFilesDir

Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES

public static final int MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE = 1;
public static final int MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO = 2;

/** Create a file Uri for saving an image or video */
private static Uri getOutputMediaFileUri(int type){
return Uri.fromFile(getOutputMediaFile(type));
}

/** Create a File for saving an image or video */
private static File getOutputMediaFile(int type){
// To be safe, you should check that the SDCard is mounted
// using Environment.getExternalStorageState() before doing this.

File mediaStorageDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(
Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES), "MyCameraApp");
// This location works best if you want the created images to be shared
// between applications and persist after your app has been uninstalled.

// Create the storage directory if it does not exist
if (! mediaStorageDir.exists()){
if (! mediaStorageDir.mkdirs()){
Log.d("MyCameraApp", "failed to create directory");
return null;
}
}

// Create a media file name
String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
File mediaFile;
if (type == MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE){
mediaFile = new File(mediaStorageDir.getPath() + File.separator +
"IMG_"+ timeStamp + ".jpg");
} else if(type == MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
mediaFile = new File(mediaStorageDir.getPath() + File.separator +
"VID_"+ timeStamp + ".mp4");
} else {
return null;
}

return mediaFile;
}

White Balance
Lock

Exposure Lock

Video
Snapshot

Multiple Cameras

Focus Distance

Zoom

Exposure Compensation

GPS Data

White Balance

Focus Mode

Scene Mode

JPEG Quality

Flash Mode

Color Effects

Anti-Banding

Picture Format

Picture Size

// get Camera parameters
Camera.Parameters params = mCamera.getParameters();

List<String> focusModes = params.getSupportedFocusModes();
if (focusModes.contains(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO)) {
// Autofocus mode is supported
}

// get Camera parameters
Camera.Parameters params = mCamera.getParameters();
// set the focus mode
params.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO);
// set Camera parameters
mCamera.setParameters(params);

// Create an instance of Camera
mCamera = getCameraInstance();

// set Camera parameters
Camera.Parameters params = mCamera.getParameters();

if (params.getMaxNumMeteringAreas() > 0){ // check that metering areas are supported
List<Camera.Area> meteringAreas = new ArrayList<Camera.Area>();

Rect areaRect1 = new Rect(-100, -100, 100, 100);    // specify an area in center of image
meteringAreas.add(new Camera.Area(areaRect1, 600)); // set weight to 60%
Rect areaRect2 = new Rect(800, -1000, 1000, -800);  // specify an area in upper right of image
meteringAreas.add(new Camera.Area(areaRect2, 400)); // set weight to 40%
params.setMeteringAreas(meteringAreas);
}

mCamera.setParameters(params);

class MyFaceDetectionListener implements Camera.FaceDetectionListener {

@Override
public void onFaceDetection(Face[] faces, Camera camera) {
if (faces.length > 0){
Log.d("FaceDetection", "face detected: "+ faces.length +
" Face 1 Location X: " + faces[0].rect.centerX() +
"Y: " + faces[0].rect.centerY() );
}
}
}

mCamera.setFaceDetectionListener(new MyFaceDetectionListener());

public void startFaceDetection(){
// Try starting Face Detection
Camera.Parameters params = mCamera.getParameters();

// start face detection only *after* preview has started
if (params.getMaxNumDetectedFaces() > 0){
// camera supports face detection, so can start it:
mCamera.startFaceDetection();
}
}

public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
try {
mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
mCamera.startPreview();

startFaceDetection(); // start face detection feature

} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "Error setting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
}
}

public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) {

if (mHolder.getSurface() == null){
// preview surface does not exist
Log.d(TAG, "mHolder.getSurface() == null");
return;
}

try {
mCamera.stopPreview();

} catch (Exception e){
// ignore: tried to stop a non-existent preview
Log.d(TAG, "Error stopping camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
}

try {
mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mHolder);
mCamera.startPreview();

startFaceDetection(); // re-start face detection feature

} catch (Exception e){
// ignore: tried to stop a non-existent preview
Log.d(TAG, "Error starting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
}
}

// Step 3: Set a CamcorderProfile (requires API Level 8 or higher)
mMediaRecorder.setProfile(CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_TIME_LAPSE_HIGH));
...
// Step 5.5: Set the video capture rate to a low number
mMediaRecorder.setCaptureRate(0.1); // capture a frame every 10 seconds