Android 6.0运行时权限解析与申请

在Android 6.0版本之前，权限都是无需用户许可，只要用户安装完，AndroidManifest清单上申请的权限都会被系统默认授权，并且授权后也撤销不了。

在Android 6.0版本时采用新的权限模型，只有在需要权限的时候，才告知用户是否授权，是在runtime时候授权，而不是在原来安装的时候 ，同时默认情况下每次在运行时打开页面时候，需要先检查是否有所需要的权限申请。这样的用户的自主性提高很多，比如用户可以给APP赋予摄像的权限，但是可以拒绝记录设备位置的权限，就是怕位置信息上传等等。

权限分为正常权限（normal）和危险权限（dangerous），正常权限不需要去申请，和之前一样在AndroidManifest.xml文件中注册即可，危险权限是需要申请的。

normal:

android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS

android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE

android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY

android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE

android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE

android.permission.BLUETOOTH

android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN

android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY

android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE

android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE

android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE

android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE

android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD

android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR

android.permission.FLASHLIGHT

android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS

android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE

android.permission.INTERNET

android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES

android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS

android.permission.NFC

android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS

android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS

android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED

android.permission.REORDER_TASKS

android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES

android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE

android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER

android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS

android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ

android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR

android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT

android.permission.VIBRATE

android.permission.WAKE_LOCK

android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS

com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM

com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT

com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

dangerous:

Permission Group	Permissions
CALENDAR	READ_CALENDAR WRITE_CALENDAR
CAMERA	CAMERA
CONTACTS	READ_CONTACTS WRITE_CONTACTS GET_ACCOUNTS
LOCATION	ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
MICROPHONE	RECORD_AUDIO
PHONE	READ_PHONE_STATE CALL_PHONE READ_CALL_LOG WRITE_CALL_LOG ADD_VOICEMAIL USE_SIP PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
SENSORS	BODY_SENSORS
SMS	SEND_SMS RECEIVE_SMS READ_SMS RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH RECEIVE_MMS
STORAGE	READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

注：同一组的任何一个权限被授权了，其他权限也自动被授权。例如，一旦WRITE_CONTACTS被授权了，app也有READ_CONTACTS和GET_ACCOUNTS了。

实现方法：

1.在BaseActivity中添加以下代码：

private int permissionRequestCode = 88;
private PermissionCallback permissionRunnable;

public interface PermissionCallback {
void hasPermission();

void noPermission();
}

/**
* Android M运行时权限请求封装
*
* @param permissionDes 权限描述
* @param runnable      请求权限回调
* @param permissions   请求的权限（数组类型），直接从Manifest中读取相应的值，比如Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
*/
public void performCodeWithPermission(@NonNull String permissionDes, PermissionCallback runnable, @NonNull String... permissions) {
if (permissions == null || permissions.length == 0) return;
//        this.permissionrequestCode = requestCode;
this.permissionRunnable = runnable;
if ((Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) || checkPermissionGranted(permissions)) {
if (permissionRunnable != null) {
permissionRunnable.hasPermission();
permissionRunnable = null;
}
} else {
//permission has not been granted.
requestPermission(permissionDes, permissionRequestCode, permissions);
}

}

private boolean checkPermissionGranted(String[] permissions) {
boolean flag = true;
for (String p : permissions) {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, p) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
flag = false;
break;
}
}
return flag;
}

private void requestPermission(String permissionDes, final int requestCode, final String[] permissions) {
if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permissions)) {

//如果用户之前拒绝过此权限，再提示一次准备授权相关权限
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle("提示")
.setMessage(permissionDes)
.setPositiveButton("ok", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, permissions, requestCode);
}
}).show();

} else {
// Contact permissions have not been granted yet. Request them directly.
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, permissions, requestCode);
}
}

private boolean shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(String[] permissions) {
boolean flag = false;
for (String p : permissions) {
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, p)) {
flag = true;
break;
}
}
return flag;
}

/**
* Callback received when a permissions request has been completed.
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
@NonNull int[] grantResults) {
if (requestCode == permissionRequestCode) {
if (verifyPermissions(grantResults)) {
if (permissionRunnable != null) {
permissionRunnable.hasPermission();
permissionRunnable = null;
}
} else {
//showToast("暂无权限执行相关操作！");
Toast.makeText(BaseActivity.this,"暂无权限执行相关操作！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
if (permissionRunnable != null) {
permissionRunnable.noPermission();
permissionRunnable = null;
}
}
} else {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}

}

public boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) {
// At least one result must be checked.
if (grantResults.length < 1) {
return false;
}

// Verify that each required permission has been granted, otherwise return false.
for (int result : grantResults) {
if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

2.在需要申请权限的时候调用：

performCodeWithPermission（）

例如：

performCodeWithPermission("我的程序请求访问相机权限",new BaseActivity.PermissionCallback() {
@Override
public void hasPermission() {
//执行打开相机相关代码
Log.i("---------","已经获得权限了");
}
@Override
public void noPermission() {
Log.i("---------","没有权限哦");
}
}, Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);

}

3.在Fragment中的使用：
直接在自己的BaseFragment写个方法调用此Activity的方法即可。

/**
* Android M运行时权限请求封装
* @param permissionDes 权限描述
* @param runnable 请求权限回调
* @param permissions 请求的权限（数组类型），直接从Manifest中读取相应的值，比如Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
*/
public void performCodeWithPermission(@NonNull String permissionDes,BaseAppCompatActivity.PermissionCallback runnable,@NonNull String... permissions){
if(getActivity()!=null && getActivity() instanceof BaseAppCompatActivity){
((BaseAppCompatActivity) getActivity()).performCodeWithPermission(permissionDes,runnable,permissions);
}
}

[/code]

参考：http://www.jianshu.com/p/d3a998ec04ad

         http://blog.csdn.net/xuchao_blog/article/details/55259008