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【深度学习】在Mac下安装深度学习框架Caffe并测试Mnist数据集

2017-02-23 15:53 786 查看
本文的重点内容是在Mac OS下安装深度学习框架Caffe,对于深度学习、安装过程中使用的命令/方法等原理不做过多介绍。

首先,给出本人使用的Mac信息,不同的系统信息需要配置不同的工具。由于本人也属于小白,在安装过程中并没有使用GPU,因此相关内容不做介绍,后续会在本文的下方给出补充。



在介绍适合自己的配置方法之前,列车本文参考的两篇博客,供参考。

1、http://blog.csdn.net/taigw/article/details/50683289

2、http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-09/135026.htm

下面给出安装步骤:

准备阶段

1、进入终端,安装Homebrew,brew是一个很好的工具,在后期的工作中会长期使用,而且大部分的软件也可以通过brew在终端直接安装。

2、在brew下安装OpenCV,具体的安装方法在之前的博文中有提及,故不再累述。这里安装的OpenCV版本是opencv 2.4.13。

接下来安装caffe

3、安装caffe相关依赖,这里使用的都是brew安装,在进行安装之前可以先对brew进行一个update:

brew update


之后安装必要依赖,这些依赖与官网的安装指导教程是一致的,当然你也可以根据自己的需要进行选择安装。

brew install -vd snappy leveldb gflags glog ship lmdv
brew tap homebrew/science
brew install hdf5


需要声明的是,官网上给出了opencv的安装,由于我的电脑在之前安装Xcode时候,已经安装过opencv,这里就没必要继续安装了,依个人情况而定。

brew install protobuf boost


protobuf与boost也是caffe的依赖。

4、下载并安装caffe,将下载之后的caffe放在一个指定的位置,因为后期会经常用到其路径;这里我讲下载的caffe-master文件夹放在桌面上。假设caffe在Mac中的路径是:/Users/admin/Desktop/caffe-master。
5、修改配置文件:在caffe-master中复制Makefile.config.example,并将其副本命名为“Makefile.config”。这里我建议用文本编辑器将其打开浏览一遍,其内容是caffe的一些相关配置与方法,前面的“#”是注释的意思。安装自己电脑的安装情况,修改Makefile.config中的部分内容。这里的修改项主要有:
CPU_ONLY:=1的注释,因为目前还没有涉及到GPU的使用。
OPENCV_VERSION:=2.4,我这里的版本是2.4.13,根据自己电脑的情况决定。
CUSTOM_CXX:=clang++的注释。
修改后的Makefile.config如下:(其中的一些修改会在下文进行说明)

## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html # Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!

# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).
# USE_CUDNN := 1

# CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).
CPU_ONLY := 1

# uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers
# USE_OPENCV := 0
# USE_LEVELDB := 0
# USE_LMDB := 0

# uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary)
#	You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any
#	possibility of simultaneous read and write
# ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1

# Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3
OPENCV_VERSION := 2.4

# To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following.
# N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++
CUSTOM_CXX := clang++

# CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.
CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda
# On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via
# "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead:
# CUDA_DIR := /usr

# CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.
# For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 through *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA < 8.0, comment the *_60 and *_61 lines for compatibility.
CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 \
-gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 \
-gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \
-gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \
-gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \
-gencode arch=compute_52,code=sm_52 \
-gencode arch=compute_60,code=sm_60 \
-gencode arch=compute_61,code=sm_61 \
-gencode arch=compute_61,code=compute_61

# BLAS choice:
# atlas for ATLAS (default)
# mkl for MKL
# open for OpenBlas
BLAS := open
# Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.
# Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS
# (which should work)!
BLAS_INCLUDE := /usr/local/Cellar/openblas/0.2.18_2/include
BLAS_LIB := /usr/local/Cellar/openblas/0.2.18_2/lib

# Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path
# BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include
# BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib

# This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.
# MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.
# MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local
# MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app

# NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.
# We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h.
PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
# Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:
# Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.
# ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \
# $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python2.7 \
# $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include

# Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2)
# PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.5m
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.5m \
#                 /usr/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/numpy/core/include

# We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib.
PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib
# PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib

# Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only)
# PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include
# PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib

# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)
# WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1

# Whatever else you find you need goes here.
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib

# If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies
# INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include
# LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib

# NCCL acceleration switch (uncomment to build with NCCL)
# https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl (last tested version: v1.2.3-1+cuda8.0)
# USE_NCCL := 1

# Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.
# (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)
# USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1

# N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean`
BUILD_DIR := build
DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute

# Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171 # DEBUG := 1

# The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.
TEST_GPUID := 0

# enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)
Q ?= @


6、理论上此时可以进入caffe的根目录下进行make测试了:

cd /Users/admin/Desktop/caffe-master
make all

注意:我在这一步出现的一个Error:“cblas.h” file is not found。
解决方法是安装BLAS(之前没有安装是因为Mac自带一个不同版本的BLAS),既然报错了那么干脆换一个其他的openblas,安装命令

brew install openblas

之后,修改Makefile.config中的openblas路径,将其设置为自己电脑的路径(见上面的配置列表)。在安装完openblas之后,再makeall就没有问题了。
这里需要说明的是,如果在make all之前报错,那么很可能是Makefile.config文件中的路径问题,一定要根据自己电脑的安装路径进行修改。
7、在caffe-master根目录下运行

make all
make test
make runtest


这几个命令可能都需要几分钟来执行,稍等即可。而且在这个过程中会出现10几个Warnings,自动忽略即可。
最后终端出现这样的显示,表示caffe安装成功。



以上的过程是最简单的caffe安装方法,并未涉及到Python、Matlab等其他工具的安装与配置,相关的安装方法可在本文开始给出的两篇博客中找到。
安装成功之后,接下来就要测试一下caffe的效果。这里使用的是MNIST数据集。
1、首先还是需要在caffe-master的根目录下进行操作,在进行测试之前,可能需要安装wget:

brew install wget
2、在caffe-master根目录下执行:

./data/mnist/get_mnist.sh
./examples/mnist/create_mnist.sh


此时可以发现./examples/mnist/路径下会有mnist_test_lmdb与mnist_train_lmdb两个文件夹,即为测试集与训练集。
3、为了保证在=训练过程在CPU上运行,应修改./examples/mnist/lenet_solver.prototxt中的最后一句话为:

solver_mode:CPU
4、最后执行训练命令:
cd caffe-master
./examples/mnist/train_lenet.sh

在迭代10000次之后,便可以看到运行结果,准确率约为0.99。
  
以上便是MacOS下caffe的安装与配置过程。
更多功能的配置与使用会在后续的实验过程中补充。
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