linux—mysql安装步骤
2017-01-10 00:00
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方法一:使用rpm安装MySQL
一、检查系统中是否已经安装过mysql。rpm -qa | grep mysql
如果存在,则需要删除。
yum -y remove mysql*
继续检查一下是否还存在mysql
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
二、下载rpm包。
需要下载:
MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
逐一执行命令:
wget http://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
wget http://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
wget http://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
三、依次安装
rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
四、初始化MySQL及设置密码
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cat /root/.mysql_secret 记录最后的密码
mysql -p ---输入记录的密码,即可登录mysql。
set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('新密码');
flush privileges; //刷新权限设置
五、配置数据库编码格式
登录MySQL查看用SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';下字符集,显示如下:
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
character_set_database和character_set_server的默认字符集还是latin1。
最简单的完美修改方法,修改mysql的my.cnf文件中的字符集键值(注意配置的字段细节):
1、在[client]字段里加入default-character-set=utf8,如下:
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8
2、在[mysqld]字段里加入character-set-server=utf8,如下:
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
3、在[mysql]字段里加入default-character-set=utf8,如下:
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8
修改完成后,service mysql restart重启mysql服务就生效,并flush privileges; //刷新权限设置。
使用SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看,发现数据库编码全已改成utf8。
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
方法二:使用tar安装MySQL
下载mysql安装包下载地址:http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@iZ25jr2uqbnZ soft]# wget --no-check-certificate http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz --2017-06-20 18:14:41-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz Resolving dev.mysql.com... 137.254.60.11 Connecting to dev.mysql.com|137.254.60.11|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [following] --2017-06-20 18:14:41-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz Connecting to dev.mysql.com|137.254.60.11|:443... connected. WARNING: certificate common name `www.mysql.com' doesn't match requested host name `dev.mysql.com'. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [following] --2017-06-20 18:14:43-- https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz Resolving cdn.mysql.com... 23.211.97.88 Connecting to cdn.mysql.com|23.211.97.88|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 314581668 (300M) [application/x-tar-gz] Saving to: `mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz' 100%[======================================>] 314,581,668 12.3M/s in 32s 2017-06-20 18:15:15 (9.33 MB/s) - `mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz' saved [314581668/314581668]
2.同上检查服务器是否安装mysql(已安装需要删除)
3.解压mysql二进制文件,并将解压的内容移动到/usr/local/目录下,并修改文件夹名称为mysql
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ soft]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ soft]# mv mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ local]# mv mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql
/usr/local/mysql/下的目录结构 :
目录 | 目录描述 |
bin | 客户端程序和mysqld的服务器 |
data | 日志文件,数据库 |
docs | 文档格式信息 |
man | UNIX手册页 |
include |
lib | |
scripts | mysql_install_db的 |
share | 各种支持文件,包括错误信息,示例配置文件中,SQL数据库的安装 |
sql-bench | 基准 |
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# chown -R mysql .
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .
*useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户,不可用于登录系统。
5.安装数据库。
*将mysql/目录下除了data/目录的所有文件,改回root用户所有,mysql用户只需作为mysql/data/目录下所有文件的所有者。
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# chown -R root .
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# chown -R mysql data
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
6.配置文件
*首先需要将mysql.server服务脚本复制到/etc/init.d/,并重命名为mysqld。
*通过chkconfig命令将mysqld服务加入到自启动服务项中。
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# cd support-files/
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ support-files] cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ support-files] cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ init.d]# mv mysql.server mysqld //将mysql.server改名为mysqld
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
*查看是否添加成功
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ support-files]# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
配置mysql环境变量
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ support-files]# vim /etc/profile
添加一下内容
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
7.启动mysql
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ support-files]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL [ OK ]
8.进入mysql
[root@iZ2zea08w4zyzvdifl3dxgZ support-files]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
9.修改数据库连接密码及host连接权限(参考errorCode:1130文章)
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