linux mysql5.5安装与配置

1.安装cmake

[root@localhost ~]# yum install cmake

2.添加系统mysql组和mysql用户：

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql

3.解压源码安装包

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zvxf mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# cd mysql-5.5.32

4.编译MySQL5.5.32

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.32]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \

> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \

> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

> -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk \

> -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

> -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

> -DWITH_READLINE=1 \

> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/mysql/data \

> -DMYSQL_USER=mysql

以上参数等说明:

DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql # mysql安装的主目录，默认为/usr/local/mysql

DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data # mysql数据库文件的存放目录，可以自定义

DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock # 系统Socket文件（.sock）设置,基于该文件路径进行Socket链接，必须为绝对路径

DSYSCONFDIR=/etc # mysql配置文件 my.cnf的存放地址，默认为/etc下

DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 # 数据库服务器监听端口，默认为3306

DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 # 允许从本地导入数据

DWITH_READLINE=1 # 快捷键功能

DWITH_SSL=yes # 支持 SSL

DMYSQL_USER=mysql # 默认为mysql

//下面3个是数据库编码设置

DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all # 安装所有扩展字符集，默认为all

DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 # 使用 utf8 字符

DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci # 校验字符

//下面5个是数据库存储引擎设在

DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 # 安装 myisam 存储引擎

DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 # 安装 innodb 存储引擎

DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 # 安装 archive 存储引擎

DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 # 安装 blackhole 存储引擎

DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 # 安装数据库分区

遇到错误：

CMake Error: your C compiler: "CMAKE_C_COMPILER-NOTFOUND" was not found. Please set CMAK

E_C_COMPILER to a valid compiler path or name.CMake Error: your CXX compiler: "CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER-NOTFOUND" was not found. Please set

CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER to a valid compiler path or name.

这是因为缺少相关库文件，依赖

解决方法：root@localhost ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel*

如果继续报错，只能删除原来的mysql-5.5.23目录，重新解压缩tar.gz包

5.执行安装

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.32]# make

[root@localhost mysql-5.5.32]# make install

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +w /usr/local/mysql

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql #改变目录拥有者与所属组

[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.16 /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so.16

[root@localhost ~]# cd support-files/

[root@localhost ~]# cp my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf # 选择默认 配置文件 适合大型服务器

[root@localhost ~]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld #
复制启动文件6. 配置启动MySQL

1. 若有需要请先修改 mysql
的配置 my.cnf

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

在[mysqld]下面添加

basedir = /usr/local/mysql

datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data

log-error = /usr/local/mysql/mysql_error.log

pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid

default-storage-engine=MyISAM

user = mysql

2. mysql 初始化安装
执行以下命令

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \

--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \

--datadir=/var/mysql/data \

--user=mysql

3. 将 mysql
加入开机启动

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld （编辑此文件，查找并修改以下变量内容：）

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/var/mysql/data

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

为MySQL配置环境变量，以后使用起来方便

# export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

4. 启动 mysql

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start

设置密码

[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation

注意：如果出现 Starting MySQL...The server quit without updating PID file

报错：

Starting MySQL...The server quit without updating PID file

查看错误日志

情景1：

110206 12:58:35 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: No such file or directory

110206 12:58:35 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /mysql/mysqldir/data/mysql.sock ?

110206 12:58:35 [ERROR] Aborting

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep mysql # 未发现有mysqld.

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -an | grep 3306 也未发现异常.

最后从mysql安装目录下重新复制一个配置文件到/etc/my.cnf

修改相应参数.于是问题解决

情景2：

/mysql/mysqldir/bin/mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist

[ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run my sql_upgrade to create it.

原因：编译安装后忘记初始化表.

解决：运行mysql_install_db

其他情况，查看日志文件（我的是localhost.localdomain.err，具体因人而异），然后具体分析；