python实现基于向量算法的的路由协议(RIP)

1.实现的功能

多个路由器模拟；

路由器学习过程日志输出；

路由器路由信息输出（查看）；

模拟网络故障；

多线程

图形化界面（显示、交互）。

2.算法的简单介绍

算法主要分为两块：GUI界面的实现和向量算法的实现

使用了多线程来让所有路由器一起工作，设置了每个路由器接受更新路由表的时间为1s。

由用户输入每个路由的初始路由表：路由名称和目的网络，距离默认为1（支持1-16的输入，大于16或小于1会提示错误），下一跳默认为空不填（支持填写）。

3.详细说明

一． GUI界面的实现：tkinter

实现了如下界面，包括了路由信息的输入，模拟路由器故障以及保存信息三个模块，使用了Button,Label,Entry,Text,messageBox,filedialog等控件。

界面：



代码片段：

#GUI界面
root = Tk()
root.title('基于距离向量算法的路由协议的实现')
#左边的输入框
m_l = PanedWindow(showhandle = True, sashrelief = SUNKEN)
m_l.pack(fill = BOTH, expand = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)

frame_l = LabelFrame(m_l, text = '输入路由信息：', font = 18, padx = 5, pady = 5)
frame_l.pack(padx = 10, pady = 10)
Label(frame_l, text = '路由器名称：', font = 16).grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
Label(frame_l, text = '目的网络：', font = 16).grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
Label(frame_l, text = '距离：', font = 16).grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
Label(frame_l, text = '下一跳：', font = 16).grid(row = 3, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)

e_name = Entry(frame_l, justify = CENTER)
e_name.grid(row = 0, column = 1)
e_net_tar = Entry(frame_l, justify = CENTER)
e_net_tar.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
e_distance = Entry(frame_l, justify = CENTER)
e_distance.grid(row = 2, column = 1)
e_next_ = Entry(frame_l, justify = CENTER)
e_next_.grid(row = 3, column = 1)
b_add = Button(frame_l, text = '添加', font = 18, command = lambda : add_callback(tables), padx = 20, pady = 5)
b_add.grid(row = 4, column = 0, pady = 5)
b_start = Button(frame_l, text = '更新', font = 18, command = lambda : update_callback(tables,table_new), padx = 20, pady = 5)
b_start.grid(row = 4, column = 1, pady = 5)

Label(frame_l, text = '', font = 16).grid(row = 5, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
Label(frame_l, text = '模拟网络故障：', font = 18).grid(row = 6, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
Label(frame_l, text = '故障路由器名称：', font = 16).grid(row = 7, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
e_name_w = Entry(frame_l, justify = CENTER)
e_name_w.grid(row = 7, column = 1)
b_w = Button(frame_l, text = '故障', font = 18, command = lambda : wrong_callback(tables), padx = 20, pady = 5)
b_w.grid(row = 8, column = 0, pady = 5, columnspan = 2)

Label(frame_l, text = '', font = 16).grid(row = 9, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
Label(frame_l, text = '保存信息：', font = 18).grid(row = 10, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
b_save_info = Button(frame_l, text = '保存路由表', font = 16, command = save_info_callback, padx = 10, pady = 5)
b_save_info.grid(row = 11, column = 0, pady = 5)
b_save_log = Button(frame_l, text = '保存日志', font = 16, command = save_log_callback, padx = 10, pady = 5)
b_save_log.grid(row = 11, column = 1, pady = 5)

#右边的信息和log
m_r = PanedWindow(orient = VERTICAL, showhandle = True, sashrelief = SUNKEN)
frame1 = LabelFrame(m_r, text = '路由表信息：', font = 16, padx = 5, pady = 5)
frame1.pack(padx = 10, pady = 10)
sb1 = Scrollbar(frame1)
sb1.pack(side = RIGHT, fill = Y)
t1 = Text(frame1, width = 60, height = 20, font = 16, state = DISABLED, yscrollcommand = sb1.set)
t1.pack(side = LEFT, fill = BOTH)
sb1.config(command = t1.yview)
m_r.add(frame1)

frame2 = LabelFrame(m_r, text = '日志信息：', font = 16, padx = 5, pady = 5)
frame2.pack(padx = 10, pady = 10)
sb2 = Scrollbar(frame2)
sb2.pack(side = RIGHT, fill = Y)
t2 = Text(frame2, width = 60, height = 15, font = 16, state = DISABLED, yscrollcommand = sb2.set)
t2.pack(side = LEFT, fill = BOTH)
sb2.config(command = t2.yview)
m_r.add(frame2)

m_l.add(frame_l)
m_l.add(m_r)
mainloop()

二.函数部分的实现

分为两个部分：实现该协议的函数和控件的callback函数

实现的主要函数的说明

add函数：用户输入一个路由信息，便向路由表的集合中添加一组数据

send函数：路由器每次发送自己的路由表的时候调用的函数

update函数：路由器每次更新路由表调用的函数

threads函数：为每个路由器的发送和更新路由表分配线程

控件的callback函数说明

（1）add_callback函数：点击添加按钮时调用的函数，在函数中调用了 add函数

（2）update_callback函数：用户点击更新按钮时调用的函数，在函数中调用了threads函数

（3）wrong_callback函数：用户点击故障按钮时的调用的函数，在函数中将路由表的集合中的故障路由的表项去掉

（4）save_info_callback&save_log_callbac函数：用户点击保存路由表/保存日志按钮时调用的函数，用于将信息以文本形式输出

三． 主要算法思想

update函数：这里实现了路由表的更新操作。假设每个路由器不知道相邻路由器的名称，只知道相邻的网络，则路由器发送路由表是以广播的形式，我用tables这个列表储存所有更新路由表的集合。

（1）首先需要找出相邻的路由，并从他们的路由表中得到更新表

先从自己的路由表中得到相邻网络的列表，存储在tar中。

（2）然后将tables中存储的每个更新表的项和tar中的进行比较，如果距离是1且目标网络在tar中，则将该路由的表存储在tables_n中。接着将tables_n中的项依次与本路由表的项进行比较（见下面的流程图） 。最后一步就是对故障的处理，如果有故障的路由，则将以故障路由为下一跳的所有项的距离设置为不可达（16）。



代码片段：

def update(table,tables,table_new):#更新自己的路由表
global str_update
table = copy.deepcopy(table)
tables = copy.deepcopy(tables)
#找出相邻的路由，并且得到更新表
tar = []
for i in table[1]:
if i[1]==1:
tar.append(i[0])
tables.remove(table)
tables_n = copy.deepcopy(tables)
for each in tables:
flag = False
for t in each[1]:
if t[0] in tar and t[1] == 1:
flag = True
break
else:
pass
if not flag:
tables_n.remove(each)
#开始更新
for each in tables_n:
str_update += '\n' + time_now() + '\n路由器%s收到了来自%s的更新表\n' % (table[0],each[0])
table_n = copy.deepcopy(table)
for each in tables_n:
n = each[0]
for tu in each[1]:
tu[1] += 1
if tu[1] == 17:
tu[1] = 16
tu[2] = n
f = False
for t in table_n[1]:
if t[0] == tu[0]:#如果目标网络相同
if t[2] == n:#如果下一跳相同
table_n[1][table_n[1].index(t)] = tu
str_update += '\n' + time_now() + '\n路由器%s从路由器%s更新了表项:\n（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）——>\n（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）\n' % (table[0],n,t[0],t[1],t[2],tu[0],tu[1],tu[2])
else:#目标网络不同
if tu[1] < t[1]:
table_n[1][table_n[1].index(t)] = tu
str_update += '\n' + time_now() + '\n路由器%s从路由器%s更新了表项:\n（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）——>\n（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）\n' % (table[0],n,t[0],t[1],t[2],tu[0],tu[1],tu[2])
f = True
break
if not f:
table_n[1].append(tu)
str_update += '\n' + time_now() + '\n路由器%s从路由器%s添加了新的表项:\n（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）\n' % (table[0],n,tu[0],tu[1],tu[2])
#故障处理
for i in table_n[1]:
if i[2] == luyou_wrong:
i[1] = 16
lock.acquire()
table_new.append(table_n)
lock.release()

**

4.测试结果

**

1. 输入一条信息，并点击添加



**

如果输入的距离不是1-16的数字（浮点数会舍去小数部分），会提示错误,比如输入字母或者大于16或小于1的数字





我们按照NET5-A-NET1-B-NET2-C-NET3-D-NET4-E-NET5的拓扑结构输入信息



2.点击更新，分别看一下路由表信息和日志信息：

路由表信息会记录每一次的历史路由表信息日志

日志信息则会记录下每一次添加表项 ，更新表项的结果







第一次更新之后，每个路由表变成了四项，我们再点击一次更新



现在每个路由器变成了5项，且表项也都正确。

（3）我们让A路由器故障



再次点击更新



我们看到下一跳为A的路由表项的距离都变成了16（不可达）

（4）我们点击保存路由表





我们保存到了桌面的’路由表.txt’中，找到并打开查看，发现路由信息已经保存进去了。



保存日志类似。

5.代码分享

**

from tkinter import *
import threading,time,copy,os

#全局变量
lock = threading.Lock() #进程锁
tables = []             #网络上的路由表的集合
table_new = []          #更新后的路由表的集合
#通过这两个表的交换赋值来更新
luyou_wrong = '--'      #故障的表的名字（默认一次只能故障一个路由）
#每次更新控件显示的字符串
str_send = ''           #发送了自己路由表的信息
str_update = ''         #更新了自己路由表的信息

def time_now():#用于获得当前时间
return str(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()))

def main():#主函数
def add(data,tables):#由用户添加每个路由器的初始路由表
if tables:
flag = False
for i in range(len(tables)):
if data[0] == tables[i][0]:
if [data[1],data[2],data[3]] in tables[i][1]:
string = '路由器%s中已有该表项（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）' % (data[0],data[1],data[2],data[3])
else:
tables[i][1].append([data[1],data[2],data[3]])
string = '向路由器%s添加了表项（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）' % (data[0],data[1],data[2],data[3])
flag = True
break
if not flag:
tables.append([data[0],[[data[1],data[2],data[3]]]])
string = '添加了%s路由器\n向%s路由器添加了表项（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）' % (data[0],data[0],data[1],data[2],data[3])
else:
tables.append([data[0],[[data[1],data[2],data[3]]]])
string = '添加了%s路由器\n向%s路由器添加了表项（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）' % (data[0],data[0],data[1],data[2],data[3])
log(string)
return tables

def send(table):#向相邻网络发送自己的路由表
string = table[0] + '向相邻路由发送了自己的路由表 '
global str_send
str_send += time_now() + '\n' + string + '\n'

def update(table,tables,table_new):#更新自己的路由表
global str_update
table = copy.deepcopy(table)
tables = copy.deepcopy(tables)
#找出相邻的路由，并且得到更新表
tar = []
for i in table[1]:
if i[1]==1:
tar.append(i[0])
tables.remove(table)
tables_n = copy.deepcopy(tables)
for each in tables:
flag = False
for t in each[1]:
if t[0] in tar and t[1] == 1:
flag = True
break
else:
pass
if not flag:
tables_n.remove(each)
#开始更新
for each in tables_n:
str_update += '\n' + time_now() + '\n路由器%s收到了来自%s的更新表\n' % (table[0],each[0])
table_n = copy.deepcopy(table)
for each in tables_n:
n = each[0]
for tu in each[1]:
tu[1] += 1
if tu[1] == 17:
tu[1] = 16
tu[2] = n
f = False
for t in table_n[1]:
if t[0] == tu[0]:#如果目标网络相同
if t[2] == n:#如果下一跳相同
table_n[1][table_n[1].index(t)] = tu
str_update += '\n' + time_now() + '\n路由器%s从路由器%s更新了表项:\n（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）——>\n（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）\n' % (table[0],n,t[0],t[1],t[2],tu[0],tu[1],tu[2])
else:#下一跳不同
if (tu[1] < t[1] and t[1] != 16) or tu[1] == 16:
table_n[1][table_n[1].index(t)] = tu
str_update += '\n' + time_now() + '\n路由器%s从路由器%s更新了表项:\n（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）——>\n（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）\n' % (table[0],n,t[0],t[1],t[2],tu[0],tu[1],tu[2])
f = True
break
if not f:
table_n[1].append(tu)
str_update += '\n' + time_now() + '\n路由器%s从路由器%s添加了新的表项:\n（目标地址：%s,距离：%d，下一跳：%s）\n' % (table[0],n,tu[0],tu[1],tu[2])
#故障处理
for i in table_n[1]:
if i[0] == luyou_wrong and i[1] == 1:
i[1] = 16
lock.acquire()
table_new.append(table_n)
lock.release()

def threads(tables,table_new):#多线程发送和更新，做到每一个路由器同时发送和更新(设置接收信息的时间为1s)
global str_send
global str_update
str_send = ''
str_update = ''
threadpool_1 = []
for each in tables:
th = threading.Thread(target= send, args= (each,))
threadpool_1.append(th)
for th in threadpool_1:
th.start()
for th in threadpool_1:
threading.Thread.join(th)
t2.config(state = NORMAL)
t2.insert(INSERT,'--------------------------------------------------\n发送情况：\n')
t2.insert(INSERT,str_send)
t2.see(END)
t2.config(state = DISABLED)
time.sleep(1)
threadpool_2 = []
for each in tables:
th = threading.Thread(target= update, args= (each,tables,table_new))
threadpool_2.append(th)
for th in threadpool_2:
th.start()
for th in threadpool_2:
threading.Thread.join(th)
t2.config(state = NORMAL)
t2.insert(INSERT,'--------------------------------------------------\n更新情况：\n')
t2.insert(INSERT,str_update)
t2.see(END)
t2.config(state = DISABLED)
return table_new

def log(string):#更新日志的函数
string = time_now() + '\n' + string + '\n'
t2.config(state = NORMAL)
t2.insert(INSERT,string)
t2.see(END)
t2.config(state = DISABLED)

def show_add(tables):#用户添加初始路由表时更新路由信息
string = ''
string += '--------------------------------------------------\n'
string += '更新时间：' + str(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime())) + '\n'
for each in tables:
string += '路由器' + each[0]+':\n'
for i in range(len(each[1])):
string += '('+str(i+1) + ')' + ' 目标网络：'+ each[1][i][0] + '  距离：'+ str(each[1][i][1]) + '  下一跳：' + each[1][i][2] + '\n'
t1.config(state = NORMAL)
t1.delete(1.0,END)
t1.insert(INSERT,string)
t1.see(END)
t1.config(state = DISABLED)

def show_up(tables):#每次更新路由表时更新路由信息
string = ''
string += '--------------------------------------------------\n'
string += '更新时间：' + str(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime())) + '\n'
for each in tables:
string += '路由器' + each[0]+':\n'
for i in range(len(each[1])):
string += '('+str(i+1) + ')' + ' 目标网络：'+ each[1][i][0] + '  距离：'+ str(each[1][i][1]) + '  下一跳：' + each[1][i][2] + '\n'
t1.config(state = NORMAL)
t1.insert(INSERT,string)
t1.see(END)
t1.config(state = DISABLED)

#控件的callback函数
def add_callback(tables):#添加按钮
distance = e_distance.get()
if distance.isdigit():
name = e_name.get()
net_tar = e_net_tar.get()
next_ = e_next_.get()
if name != '' and net_tar != '' and distance != '':
distance = int(distance)
if distance>=1 and distance<=16:
data = [name,net_tar,distance,next_]
tables = add(data,tables)
show_add(tables)
else:
messagebox.showinfo('警告','距离应当为1-16的整数!')
else:
messagebox.showinfo('警告','路由器名称,目标网络和距离不能为空！')
else:
messagebox.showinfo('警告','距离应当为1-16的整数!')

def update_callback(tables,table_new):#更新按钮
table_new.clear()
tables_n = threads(tables,table_new)
tables.clear()
tables.extend(tables_n)
show_up(tables)
return tables

def wrong_callback(tables):#故障按钮
global luyou_wrong
name_w = e_name_w.get()
if name_w == '':
messagebox.showinfo('警告','故障网络名称不能为空！')
else:
luyou_wrong = name_w
messagebox.showinfo('通知','网络%s已设置为故障！' % name_w)
t2.config(state = NORMAL)
t2.insert(INSERT, '网络%s故障！' % name_w)
t2.see(END)
t2.config(state = DISABLED)

def save_info_callback():#保存路由信息
if not t1.get(1.0,END).isspace():
file = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension = '.txt', filetypes = [('txt,TXT','.txt'),('ALL','.*')])
os.chdir(os.path.dirname(file))
f = open(os.path.basename(file),'w')
f.write(t1.get(1.0,END))
f.close()
messagebox.showinfo('通知','路由表信息已保存在%s中!' % file)
else:
messagebox.showinfo('警告','路由表信息为空!')

def save_log_callback():#保存日志信息
if not t2.get(1.0,END).isspace():
file = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension = '.txt', filetypes = [('txt,TXT','.txt'),('ALL','.*')])
os.chdir(os.path.dirname(file))
f = open(os.path.basename(file),'w')
f.write(t2.get(1.0,END))
f.close()
messagebox.showinfo('通知','日志信息已保存在%s中!' % file)
else:
messagebox.showinfo('警告','路由表信息为空!')

#GUI界面
root = Tk()
root.title('基于距离向量算法的路由协议的实现')
#左边的输入框
m_l = PanedWindow(showhandle = True, sashrelief = SUNKEN)
m_l.pack(fill = BOTH, expand = 1, padx = 10, pady = 10)

frame_l = LabelFrame(m_l, text = '输入路由信息：', font = 18, padx = 5, pady = 5)
frame_l.pack(padx = 10, pady = 10)
Label(frame_l, text = '路由器名称：', font = 16).grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
Label(frame_l, text = '目的网络：', font = 16).grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
Label(frame_l, text = '距离：', font = 16).grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
Label(frame_l, text = '下一跳：', font = 16).grid(row = 3, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)

e_name = Entry(frame_l, justify = CENTER)
e_name.grid(row = 0, column = 1)
e_net_tar = Entry(frame_l, justify = CENTER)
e_net_tar.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
e_distance = Entry(frame_l, justify = CENTER)
e_distance.grid(row = 2, column = 1)
e_next_ = Entry(frame_l, justify = CENTER)
e_next_.grid(row = 3, column = 1)
b_add = Button(frame_l, text = '添加', font = 18, command = lambda : add_callback(tables), padx = 20, pady = 5)
b_add.grid(row = 4, column = 0, pady = 5)
b_start = Button(frame_l, text = '更新', font = 18, command = lambda : update_callback(tables,table_new), padx = 20, pady = 5)
b_start.grid(row = 4, column = 1, pady = 5)

Label(frame_l, text = '', font = 16).grid(row = 5, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
Label(frame_l, text = '模拟网络故障：', font = 18).grid(row = 6, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
Label(frame_l, text = '故障网络名称：', font = 16).grid(row = 7, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
e_name_w = Entry(frame_l, justify = CENTER)
e_name_w.grid(row = 7, column = 1)
b_w = Button(frame_l, text = '故障', font = 18, command = lambda : wrong_callback(tables), padx = 20, pady = 5)
b_w.grid(row = 8, column = 0, pady = 5, columnspan = 2)

Label(frame_l, text = '', font = 16).grid(row = 9, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
Label(frame_l, text = '保存信息：', font = 18).grid(row = 10, column = 0, sticky = W, pady = 5)
b_save_info = Button(frame_l, text = '保存路由表', font = 16, command = save_info_callback, padx = 10, pady = 5)
b_save_info.grid(row = 11, column = 0, pady = 5)
b_save_log = Button(frame_l, text = '保存日志', font = 16, command = save_log_callback, padx = 10, pady = 5)
b_save_log.grid(row = 11, column = 1, pady = 5)

#右边的信息和log
m_r = PanedWindow(orient = VERTICAL, showhandle = True, sashrelief = SUNKEN)
frame1 = LabelFrame(m_r, text = '路由表信息：', font = 16, padx = 5, pady = 5)
frame1.pack(padx = 10, pady = 10)
sb1 = Scrollbar(frame1)
sb1.pack(side = RIGHT, fill = Y)
t1 = Text(frame1, width = 60, height = 20, font = 16, state = DISABLED, yscrollcommand = sb1.set)
t1.pack(side = LEFT, fill = BOTH)
sb1.config(command = t1.yview)
m_r.add(frame1)

frame2 = LabelFrame(m_r, text = '日志信息：', font = 16, padx = 5, pady = 5)
frame2.pack(padx = 10, pady = 10)
sb2 = Scrollbar(frame2)
sb2.pack(side = RIGHT, fill = Y)
t2 = Text(frame2, width = 60, height = 15, font = 16, state = DISABLED, yscrollcommand = sb2.set)
t2.pack(side = LEFT, fill = BOTH)
sb2.config(command = t2.yview)
m_r.add(frame2)

m_l.add(frame_l)
m_l.add(m_r)
mainloop()

if __name__=='__main__':
main()