基于Keepalived实现Mysql高可用

前言

由于最近要使用Mysql数据库，而目前公司服务器与业务有限，于是只使用了一台Mysql。所以，问题很明显，如果这台Mysql坏了，那么将会影响整个公司的业务，所以考虑做Mysql的高可用方案。目前，Mysql的高可用方案很多，这里选择Keepalived+Mysql实现高可用。

环境介绍

ID	OS	IP	Role
node1	CentOS6.5_X64	192.168.1.159	Master
node2	CentOS6.5_X64	192.168.1.160	Slave



环境准备

# 关闭防火墙(Master和Slave上配置)
[root@node1 ~]# service iptables stop
[root@node1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@node1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@node1 ~]# sed -i '/^SELINUX=/{ s/enforcing/disabled/ }' /etc/selinux/config

# 配置时间同步(Master和Slave上配置)
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install ntp
[root@node1 ~]# service ntpd start
[root@node1 ~]# \cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
[root@node1 ~]# ntpdate us.pool.ntp.org



Mysql主主配置

# 在Master和Slave执行
[root@node1 ~]# yum install -y mysql-server mysql      #安装Mysql
[root@node1 ~]# service mysqld start
[root@node1 ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 123.com          #为Mysql的root用户设置密码
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf         #编辑Mysql配置文件，加入如下内容
[mysqld]
server-id = 1                    #Slave这台设置2
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog-ignore-db = mysql,information_schema       #忽略写入binlog日志的库
auto-increment-increment = 2             #字段变化增量值
auto-increment-offset = 1              #初始字段ID为1
slave-skip-errors = all

[root@node1 ~]# service mysqld restart

注：先查看Master和Slave上的log bin日志和pos值位置

[root@node1 ~]# mysql -u root -p123.com
mysql> show master status;

[root@node2 ~]# mysql -u root -p123.com
mysql> show master status;

# 注：在Master上操作如下：
[root@node1 ~]# mysql -u root -p123.com
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123.com' with grant option;
# with grant option：表示权限传递
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.160',
-> master_user='root',
-> master_password='123.com',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',      # 根据对端实际的log bin填写
-> master_log_pos=106;        # 根据对端实际的Pos值填写
mysql> start master;              # 启动主

# 注：在Slave上操作如下：
[root@node2 ~]# mysql -u root -p123.com
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123.com' with grant option;
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.159',
-> master_user='root',
-> master_password='123.com',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',     # 根据对端实际的log bin填写
-> master_log_pos=335;        # 根据对端实际的Pos值填写
mysql> start slave;               # 启动同步线程

# 主主同步配置完毕，在Master和Slave上分别查看同步状态，Slave_IO和Slave_SQL是YES说明主主同步成功。
mysql> show slave status\G

主主同步测试

使用客户端连接任意一台Mysql，进行创库、创表、插入字段、删除表、删库等操作，另外一台Mysql都能进行同步。

在这里，进行简单一些的测试，先在Master上创建一个新库，名为main

然后到Slave上查看是否有名为main的库

接下来在slave把名为main的库删了，会发现master上的main也没有了。到此，主主同步完成，

Keepalived高可用配置

注： 在Master和Slave执行，Keepalived必须和Mysql安装在同一台机器上

# 安装Keepalived
[root@node1 ~]# yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel popt-devel
[root@node1 ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz [root@node1 ~]# tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
[root@node1 ~]# cd keepalived-1.2.7
[root@node1 ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
[root@node1 ~]# make && make install

# 将Keepalived配置成系统服务
[root@node1 ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
[root@node1 ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived/
[root@node1 ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
[root@node1 ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

# 修改Master上的Keepalived配置文件
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id MYSQL_HA
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP   # 两台配置此处均是BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100   # 优先级，另一台改为90
advert_int 1
nopreempt  # 不抢占，只在优先级高的机器上设置即可，优先级低的机器不设置

authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}

virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.208     # VIP
}
}

virtual_server 192.168.1.208 3306 {      # VIP的具体设置
delay_loop 2   # 每个2秒检查一次real_server状态
#lb_algo wrr   # LVS算法
#lb_kind DR    # LVS模式
persistence_timeout 60   # 会话保持时间
protocol TCP

real_server 192.168.1.159 3306 {
weight 3
notify_down /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh  #检测到服务down后执行的脚本
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10    # 连接超时时间
nb_get_retry 3       # 重连次数
delay_before_retry 3   # 重连间隔时间
connect_port 3306   # 健康检查端口
}
}
}

# 修改Slave上的Keepalived配置文件
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id MYSQL_HA
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1

authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}

virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.208
}
}

virtual_server 192.168.1.208 3306 {
delay_loop 2
#lb_algo wrr
#lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 60
protocol TCP

real_server 192.168.1.160 3306 {
weight 3
notify_down /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh

TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}

# 配置故障切换脚本,Master和Slave上执行
[root@node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh
#!/bin/sh
pkill keepalived
[root@node1 ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh

# 此前两台Mysql已经启动，这里只用启动Keepalived(Master和Slave上执行)
[root@node1 ~]# service keepalived start

高可用性测试

# 在Master上查看VIP是否存在
[root@node1 ~]# ip addr

# 停止Master上的Keepalived，查看VIP是否漂移到了Slave上
[root@node1 ~]# service keepalived stop
[root@node2 ~]# ip addr

# 开启Master上的Keepalived，查看Master是否抢占了VIP，没有抢占Slave的VIP说明成功
[root@node1 ~]# service keepalived start

# 停止Slave上的Mysql,发现Slave上Keepalived会自动停止，并且VIP已经漂移到Master上
[root@node2 ~]# service mysqld stop
[root@node2 ~]# ps -ef |grep mysqld
root       4589   2159  0 06:00 pts/2    00:00:00 grep mysqld
[root@node2 ~]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root       4591   2159  0 06:00 pts/2    00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@node1 ~]# ip addr

总结

到此，基于Keepalived实现Mysql高可用全部完成。这个方案可以为Mysql提供容错，缺点也很明显，只有一台Mysql对外提供服务，另外一台只能起到备份的功能，无法实现类似于负载均衡的效果。当然，也可以再加一些中间件完成负载均衡，读写分离等功能，这里就不详解说明了……