android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对

android自动化新人一个，目前研究PC端获取android设备的控件信息有哪些方式。多多指教！

android的目录tools下有2个自带的工具hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer，打开后，如下所示：



分别来介绍它们怎么使用的：

UiAutoMatorViewer

点击左上角的手机图样的小图标，出现弹出框，此时正在获取信息：



完成获取后得到了当前的手机界面：



然后你可以点击主面板中的图片，右面的属性面板会显示你所点击的区域的控件属性。（需要注意到是，你的手机设备或模拟器的api要在16以上，也就是android版本得是4.1以上，因为这个工具是google在4.以后推出来的，只适用于4.1以后的版本）。



到这一步，我了解了如何使用这个工具，但是并不是我要研究的东西。我要知道他是如何和手机设备通信，然后获取控件信息的，所以我反编译了uiautomatorviewer.jar，以便从源码了解它的原理。

在tools/lib下找到uiautomatorviewer.jar。反编译后项目结构如下所示：



首先查看UiAutomatorViewer.class,打开后明显看出这是一个java.swt的主界面类，那我们只需要找到工具栏中的

按钮的定义。我们就能追踪到点击它是怎么得到设备控件信息的。



找到这个按钮的定义后，我们按ctrl键 点击鼠标跟踪进去，发现该类中有一个进度条对话框，这正是我们先前点击按钮出现的对话框，这里面肯定定义信息获取的方式。



查看上面的代码分析得到，UiAutoMatorHelper的子类UiAutoMatorResult和对象result,它得到了UiAutomatorHelper方法和takeSnapShot返回的结果，那么我就去这个方法一探究竟。进入UiAutomatorHelper中，找到takeSnapshot方法。

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public static UiAutomatorResult takeSnapshot(IDevice device, IProgressMonitor monitor) throws com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException

{

UiAutomatorModel model;

String msg;

RawImage rawImage;

if (monitor == null) {

monitor = new NullProgressMonitor();

}

monitor.subTask("Checking if device support UI Automator");

if (!(supportsUiAutomator(device))) {

String msg = "UI Automator requires a device with API Level 16";

throw new com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException(msg, null);

}

monitor.subTask("Creating temporary files for uiautomator results.");

File tmpDir = null;

File xmlDumpFile = null;

File screenshotFile = null;

try {

tmpDir = File.createTempFile("uiautomatorviewer_", "");

tmpDir.delete();

if (!(tmpDir.mkdirs()))

throw new IOException("Failed to mkdir");

xmlDumpFile = File.createTempFile("dump_", ".uix", tmpDir);

screenshotFile = File.createTempFile("screenshot_", ".png", tmpDir);

} catch (Exception e) {

msg = "Error while creating temporary file to save snapshot: " + e.getMessage();

throw new com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException(msg, e);

}

tmpDir.deleteOnExit();

xmlDumpFile.deleteOnExit();

screenshotFile.deleteOnExit();

monitor.subTask("Obtaining UI hierarchy");

try {

<span style="color:#ff0000;">getUiHierarchyFile(device, xmlDumpFile, monitor);

</span> } catch (Exception e) {

msg = "Error while obtaining UI hierarchy XML file: " + e.getMessage();

throw new com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException(msg, e);

}

刚开始的时候没明白为什么有好多定义文件的代码，然后就没管，往下看的时候发现了一个getUiHierarchyFile方法，既然在这个方法里没找到获取控件信息的方式，那么我就试着去getUiherarchyFile方法中看看（其实我之前研究hierarchyviewer的时候，这个工具也用过这个getHierarchy方法，只不过叫parseHierarchy，它就是获取控件树的，所以我心中一喜，有戏） 。让我们进入getUiHerarchyFile中看看，看能否发现我们真正需要的。

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private static void getUiHierarchyFile(IDevice device, File dst, IProgressMonitor monitor) {

if (monitor == null) {

monitor = new NullProgressMonitor();

}

monitor.subTask("Deleting old UI XML snapshot ...");

String command = "rm /data/local/tmp/uidump.xml";

try

{

commandCompleteLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);

device.executeShellCommand(command, new CollectingOutputReceiver(commandCompleteLatch));

commandCompleteLatch.await(5L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

catch (Exception e1)

{

}

monitor.subTask("Taking UI XML snapshot...");

command = String.format("%s %s %s", new Object[] { "/system/bin/uiautomator", "dump", "/data/local/tmp/uidump.xml" });

CountDownLatch commandCompleteLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);

try

{

device.executeShellCommand(command, new CollectingOutputReceiver(commandCompleteLatch), 40000);

commandCompleteLatch.await(40L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

monitor.subTask("Pull UI XML snapshot from device...");

device.getSyncService().pullFile("/data/local/tmp/uidump.xml", dst.getAbsolutePath(), SyncService.getNullProgressMonitor());

}

catch (Exception e) {

throw new RuntimeException(e);

}

}

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</pre><pre code_snippet_id="250249" snippet_file_name="blog_20140322_3_2829642" class="html" name="code">

我原本以为这里面也应该有个socke啥的，跟手机端通信获取数据的。进来这里面没发现socket，但是仔细一分析，原来UiAutomatorviewer并不是通过socket来获取信息的。它是发送dump命令，让存放在手机设备中/system/bin/uiautomator下的脚本执行，获得一个uidump.xml的文件，然后将这个文件抓到本地。本地读取xml文件就可以了。这才恍然大悟为什么之前takeSnapshot方法中有定义文件的操作，原来它是通过获取xml文件存放在本地临时文件里，太鬼了。

那剩下的就是读取xml文件喽。到这，我的uiautomatorviewer的了解就结束了，还算有点收获。下面接着hierarchyviewer的使用。

HierarchyViewer

说到hierarchyviewer都是眼泪，花了3个礼拜研究，由于自己的死心眼，非要通过它实现自动化，非要用java写。然后一直研究到它可以遍历settings的所有界面；然后才发现被坑了，代码太长了；if/else写了一大堆，又是dumpsys命令获取window信息和activity信息，又是图片比对确定点击跳转的图片，然后满心欢喜的拿给经理看，经理直接给否决了---效率太低；hierarchyviewer获取数据确实慢，但是总算有的基础版本的嘛；其实我发现经理心里算盘打着好着呢，她只是让我们一步一步的了解，她知道哪种方式最适合，就是还不告诉我们，就让我们自己研究，而我呢，刚来又着急展示一下，根基没打稳就像往大的方向走，都开始实现开啦；然后被经理给拽回来，
开始研究哪些实现获取控件的方式，以及优缺点，这才有了上面的uiautomator的研究；哎，不着急，一步一步来吧。

说到hierarchyviewer，研究起来真的是小孩学步啊。经理只丢了一个命题：多语自动化测试，你们研究吧。我ca类，我还傻不垃圾的问了一句：什么是多语。旁边的测试人员给我回答了，多国语言测试。汗！好吧，我低端。。。。。。开始吧。

首先选择是手机端直接测试，还是连上PC端测试？然后发现了monkey，再到monkeyrunner，然后在monkeyrunner里有touch方法点击，然后却不知道一个按钮的坐标怎么确定，在一个犄角旮旯的地方发现有人说通过hierarchyviewer可以获取坐标。然后就开始一个坐标一个坐标的找啊，编写脚本啊。总算实现了一点：唤醒--解锁--点--点--点；然后开讨论会的时候，让经理否决了，说是这么多控件，要一个一个找，得多长时间啊。要做到连上手机，不管哪个画面，它自己获得，然后点击。确实高端大气上档次！but你倒是告诉我从那块搞起啊。哎，在百般纠结于无奈中，柳暗花明啦，hierarchyviewer上的东西不就是人家从客户端获取的么。得到这个讯息后，我找到了一个知平软件写的，然后根据他的研究，一步一步了解了hierarchyviewer，在此感谢这个前辈，放出连接，新手同学可以研究下。

第一篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/07/30/2614353.html

第二篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/08/03/2618753.html

第三篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/08/08/2627614.html

第四篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/08/22/2650722.html

通过读这四篇文章，我对hierarchyviewer有了一定了解，对于这位前辈没给出的一些疑惑我做了一些深入的研究和总结。

总结：

1.hierarchyviewer是通过socket连接android设备的ViewServer，通过4939端口建立通信。

2.通过adb -s <device> forward tcp:localpott tcp:4939将端口映射到本地端口上

3.通过该本地端口，客户端启动socket连接ViewServer，发送"dump -1"命令获取控件信息。这些信息一行代表一个控件，然后存放在ViewNode中。

以上通过上面四篇文章你都能了解到。下面是自己的疑问：

1.信息是如何从一行一行的字符串转变为viewnode对象的。

2.是怎么深度遍历树的。

带着这些疑问我又暴力了，反编译hierarchyviewer2lib.jar文件，寻找到了DeviceBridge的parseHierarchy方法：

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public static ViewNode parseViewHierarchy(BufferedReader in, Window window) {

ViewNode currentNode = null;

int currentDepth = -1;

try

{

while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {

String line;

if ("DONE.".equalsIgnoreCase(line))

break;

int depth = 0;

while (line.charAt(depth) == ' ')

++depth;

while (depth <= currentDepth) {

if (currentNode != null)

currentNode = currentNode.parent;

--currentDepth;

}

<span style="color:#ff6666;">currentNode = new ViewNode(window, currentNode, line.substring(depth));

</span> currentDepth = depth;

}

} catch (IOException e) {

Log.e("hierarchyviewer", "Error reading view hierarchy stream: " + e.getMessage());

return null;

}

if (currentNode == null)

return null;

while (currentNode.parent != null) {

currentNode = currentNode.parent;

}

return currentNode;

}

通过标红的代码可知，创建ViewNode对象的时候，传入三个参数:window,currentNode,读取的行数据去掉空格后的line.找到ViewNode类。

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package com.android.hierarchyviewerlib.models;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.Comparator;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Set;

import java.util.TreeSet;

import org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Image;

public class ViewNode

{

private static final double RED_THRESHOLD = 0.80000000000000004D;

private static final double YELLOW_THRESHOLD = 0.5D;

public static final String MISCELLANIOUS = "miscellaneous";

public String id;

public String name;

public String hashCode;

public List<Property> properties = new ArrayList();

public Map<String, Property> namedProperties = new HashMap();

public ViewNode parent;

public List<ViewNode> children = new ArrayList();

public int left;

public int top;

public int width;

public int height;

public int scrollX;

public int scrollY;

public int paddingLeft;

public int paddingRight;

public int paddingTop;

public int paddingBottom;

public int marginLeft;

public int marginRight;

public int marginTop;

public int marginBottom;

public int baseline;

public boolean willNotDraw;

public boolean hasMargins;

public boolean hasFocus;

public int index;

public double measureTime;

public double layoutTime;

public double drawTime;

public ProfileRating measureRating = ProfileRating.NONE;

public ProfileRating layoutRating = ProfileRating.NONE;

public ProfileRating drawRating = ProfileRating.NONE;

public Set<String> categories = new TreeSet();

public Window window;

public Image image;

public int imageReferences = 1;

public int viewCount;

public boolean filtered;

public int protocolVersion;

public ViewNode(Window window, ViewNode parent, String data)

{

<span style="color:#ff6666;">this.window = window;

this.parent = parent;

this.index = ((this.parent == null) ? 0 : this.parent.children.size());

if (this.parent != null)

this.parent.children.add(this);

int delimIndex = data.indexOf(64);

if (delimIndex < 0)

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid format for ViewNode, missing @: " + data);

this.name = data.substring(0, delimIndex);

data = data.substring(delimIndex + 1);

delimIndex = data.indexOf(32);

this.hashCode = data.substring(0, delimIndex);

if (data.length() > delimIndex + 1) {

loadProperties(data.substring(delimIndex + 1).trim());

}

else {

this.id = "unknown";

this.width = (this.height = 10);

}

</span> this.measureTime = -1.0D;

this.layoutTime = -1.0D;

this.drawTime = -1.0D;

}

public void dispose() {

int N = this.children.size();

for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)

((ViewNode)this.children.get(i)).dispose();

dereferenceImage();

}

public void referenceImage() {

this.imageReferences += 1;

}

public void dereferenceImage() {

this.imageReferences -= 1;

if ((this.image != null) && (this.imageReferences == 0))

this.image.dispose();

}

private void loadProperties(String data)

{

boolean stop;

int start = 0;

do

{

int index = data.indexOf(61, start);

Property property = new Property();

property.name = data.substring(start, index);

int index2 = data.indexOf(44, index + 1);

int length = Integer.parseInt(data.substring(index + 1, index2));

start = index2 + 1 + length;

property.value = data.substring(index2 + 1, index2 + 1 + length);

this.properties.add(property);

this.namedProperties.put(property.name, property);

stop = start >= data.length();

if (!(stop))

++start;

}

while (!(stop));

Collections.sort(this.properties, new Comparator(this)

{

public int compare(, ViewNode.Property destination) {

return source.name.compareTo(destination.name);

}

});

this.id = ((Property)this.namedProperties.get("mID")).value;

this.left = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mLeft")) ? getInt("mLeft", 0) : getInt("layout:mLeft", 0));

this.top = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mTop")) ? getInt("mTop", 0) : getInt("layout:mTop", 0));

this.width = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("getWidth()")) ? getInt("getWidth()", 0) : getInt("layout:getWidth()", 0));

this.height = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("getHeight()")) ? getInt("getHeight()", 0) : getInt("layout:getHeight()", 0));

this.scrollX = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mScrollX")) ? getInt("mScrollX", 0) : getInt("scrolling:mScrollX", 0));

this.scrollY = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mScrollY")) ? getInt("mScrollY", 0) : getInt("scrolling:mScrollY", 0));

this.paddingLeft = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingLeft")) ? getInt("mPaddingLeft", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingLeft", 0));

this.paddingRight = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingRight")) ? getInt("mPaddingRight", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingRight", 0));

this.paddingTop = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingTop")) ? getInt("mPaddingTop", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingTop", 0));

this.paddingBottom = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingBottom")) ? getInt("mPaddingBottom", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingBottom", 0));

this.marginLeft = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_leftMargin")) ? getInt("layout_leftMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_leftMargin", -2147483648));

this.marginRight = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_rightMargin")) ? getInt("layout_rightMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_rightMargin", -2147483648));

this.marginTop = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_topMargin")) ? getInt("layout_topMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_topMargin", -2147483648));

this.marginBottom = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_bottomMargin")) ? getInt("layout_bottomMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_bottomMargin", -2147483648));

this.baseline = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("getBaseline()")) ? getInt("getBaseline()", 0) : getInt("layout:getBaseline()", 0));

this.willNotDraw = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("willNotDraw()")) ? getBoolean("willNotDraw()", false) : getBoolean("drawing:willNotDraw()", false));

this.hasFocus = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("hasFocus()")) ? getBoolean("hasFocus()", false) : getBoolean("focus:hasFocus()", false));

this.hasMargins = ((this.marginLeft != -2147483648) && (this.marginRight != -2147483648) && (this.marginTop != -2147483648) && (this.marginBottom != -2147483648));

for (Iterator i$ = this.namedProperties.keySet().iterator(); i$.hasNext(); ) { String name = (String)i$.next();

int index = name.indexOf(58);

if (index != -1)

this.categories.add(name.substring(0, index));

}

if (this.categories.size() != 0)

this.categories.add("miscellaneous");

}

public void setProfileRatings()

{

int N = this.children.size();

if (N > 1) {

ViewNode child;

double totalMeasure = 0D;

double totalLayout = 0D;

double totalDraw = 0D;

for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {

child = (ViewNode)this.children.get(i);

totalMeasure += child.measureTime;

totalLayout += child.layoutTime;

totalDraw += child.drawTime;

}

for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) {

child = (ViewNode)this.children.get(i);

if (child.measureTime / totalMeasure >= 0.80000000000000004D)

child.measureRating = ProfileRating.RED;

else if (child.measureTime / totalMeasure >= 0.5D)

child.measureRating = ProfileRating.YELLOW;

else

child.measureRating = ProfileRating.GREEN;

if (child.layoutTime / totalLayout >= 0.80000000000000004D)

child.layoutRating = ProfileRating.RED;

else if (child.layoutTime / totalLayout >= 0.5D)

child.layoutRating = ProfileRating.YELLOW;

else

child.layoutRating = ProfileRating.GREEN;

if (child.drawTime / totalDraw >= 0.80000000000000004D)

child.drawRating = ProfileRating.RED;

else if (child.drawTime / totalDraw >= 0.5D)

child.drawRating = ProfileRating.YELLOW;

else

child.drawRating = ProfileRating.GREEN;

}

}

for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)

((ViewNode)this.children.get(i)).setProfileRatings();

}

public void setViewCount()

{

this.viewCount = 1;

int N = this.children.size();

for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {

ViewNode child = (ViewNode)this.children.get(i);

child.setViewCount();

this.viewCount += child.viewCount;

}

}

public void filter(String text) {

int dotIndex = this.name.lastIndexOf(46);

String shortName = (dotIndex == -1) ? this.name : this.name.substring(dotIndex + 1);

this.filtered = ((!(text.equals(""))) && (((shortName.toLowerCase().contains(text.toLowerCase())) || ((!(this.id.equals("NO_ID"))) && (this.id.toLowerCase().contains(text.toLowerCase()))))));

int N = this.children.size();

for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)

((ViewNode)this.children.get(i)).filter(text);

}

private boolean getBoolean(String name, boolean defaultValue)

{

Property p = (Property)this.namedProperties.get(name);

if (p != null)

try {

return Boolean.parseBoolean(p.value);

} catch (NumberFormatException e) {

return defaultValue;

}

return defaultValue;

}

private int getInt(String name, int defaultValue) {

Property p = (Property)this.namedProperties.get(name);

if (p != null)

try {

return Integer.parseInt(p.value);

} catch (NumberFormatException e) {

return defaultValue;

}

return defaultValue;

}

public String toString()

{

return this.name + "@" + this.hashCode;

}

public static class Property

{

public String name;

public String value;

public String toString()

{

return this.name + '=' + this.value;

}

}

public static enum ProfileRating

{

RED, YELLOW, GREEN, NONE;

}

}

在构造方法中，我了解到了它把传递过来的ViewNode对象作为当前对象的父对象，又把当前对象作为父节点的子节点。形成一个链表结构，这样我通过最上层的根节点就可以获得所有节点（佩服佩服，后悔自己数据结构和算法没学好啊！）。一行currentNode = new ViewNode(window, currentNode, line.substring(depth))；解决了所有烦恼，就是理解的时候要花费一点时间。

通过源码的学习。我了解hierarchyviewer的工作方式，然后我动手用java自己来实现。下一篇再续讲，该吃饭了。

下一篇：

android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对（2）

uiautomatorviewer在5.0中的改进