android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对（1）

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 android自动化新人一个，目前研究PC端获取android设备的控件信息有哪些方式。多多指教！        android的目录tools下有2个自带的工具hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer，打开后，如下所示：
 
 



 
       
        分别来介绍它们怎么使用的：
 

   UiAutoMatorViewer

 



      
 点击左上角的手机图样的小图标，出现弹出框，此时正在获取信息：
 



      
         完成获取后得到了当前的手机界面：
 



        
        然后你可以点击主面板中的图片，右面的属性面板会显示你所点击的区域的控件属性。（需要注意到是，你的手机设备或模拟器的api要在16以上，也就是android版本得是4.1以上，因为这个工具是google在4.以后推出来的，只适用于4.1以后的版本）。
 



      
        到这一步，我了解了如何使用这个工具，但是并不是我要研究的东西。我要知道他是如何和手机设备通信，然后获取控件信息的，所以我反编译了uiautomatorviewer.jar，以便从源码了解它的原理。
        在tools/lib下找到uiautomatorviewer.jar。反编译后项目结构如下所示：
 



       
        首先查看UiAutomatorViewer.class,打开后明显看出这是一个java.swt的主界面类，那我们只需要找到工具栏中的

按钮的定义。我们就能追踪到点击它是怎么得到设备控件信息的。
 



      
        找到这个按钮的定义后，我们按ctrl键 点击鼠标跟踪进去，发现该类中有一个进度条对话框，这正是我们先前点击按钮出现的对话框，这里面肯定定义信息获取的方式。



       
        查看上面的代码分析得到，UiAutoMatorHelper的子类UiAutoMatorResult和对象result,它得到了UiAutomatorHelper方法和takeSnapShot返回的结果，那么我就去这个方法一探究竟。进入UiAutomatorHelper中，找到takeSnapshot方法。
 public static UiAutomatorResult takeSnapshot(IDevice device, IProgressMonitor monitor) throws com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException
{
UiAutomatorModel model;
String msg;
RawImage rawImage;
if (monitor == null) {
monitor = new NullProgressMonitor();
}

monitor.subTask("Checking if device support UI Automator");
if (!(supportsUiAutomator(device))) {
String msg = "UI Automator requires a device with API Level 16";

throw new com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException(msg, null);
}

monitor.subTask("Creating temporary files for uiautomator results.");
File tmpDir = null;
File xmlDumpFile = null;
File screenshotFile = null;
try {
tmpDir = File.createTempFile("uiautomatorviewer_", "");
tmpDir.delete();
if (!(tmpDir.mkdirs()))
throw new IOException("Failed to mkdir");
xmlDumpFile = File.createTempFile("dump_", ".uix", tmpDir);
screenshotFile = File.createTempFile("screenshot_", ".png", tmpDir);
} catch (Exception e) {
msg = "Error while creating temporary file to save snapshot: " + e.getMessage();

throw new com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException(msg, e);
}

tmpDir.deleteOnExit();
xmlDumpFile.deleteOnExit();
screenshotFile.deleteOnExit();

monitor.subTask("Obtaining UI hierarchy");
try {
<span style="color:#ff0000;">getUiHierarchyFile(device, xmlDumpFile, monitor);
</span> } catch (Exception e) {
msg = "Error while obtaining UI hierarchy XML file: " + e.getMessage();
throw new com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException(msg, e);
}
        刚开始的时候没明白为什么有好多定义文件的代码，然后就没管，往下看的时候发现了一个getUiHierarchyFile方法，既然在这个方法里没找到获取控件信息的方式，那么我就试着去getUiherarchyFile方法中看看（其实我之前研究hierarchyviewer的时候，这个工具也用过这个getHierarchy方法，只不过叫parseHierarchy，它就是获取控件树的，所以我心中一喜，有戏） 。让我们进入getUiHerarchyFile中看看，看能否发现我们真正需要的。
 private static void getUiHierarchyFile(IDevice device, File dst, IProgressMonitor monitor) {
if (monitor == null) {
monitor = new NullProgressMonitor();
}

monitor.subTask("Deleting old UI XML snapshot ...");
String command = "rm /data/local/tmp/uidump.xml";
try
{
commandCompleteLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
device.executeShellCommand(command, new CollectingOutputReceiver(commandCompleteLatch));

commandCompleteLatch.await(5L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
catch (Exception e1)
{
}
monitor.subTask("Taking UI XML snapshot...");
command = String.format("%s %s %s", new Object[] { "/system/bin/uiautomator", "dump", "/data/local/tmp/uidump.xml" });

CountDownLatch commandCompleteLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
try
{
device.executeShellCommand(command, new CollectingOutputReceiver(commandCompleteLatch), 40000);

commandCompleteLatch.await(40L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

monitor.subTask("Pull UI XML snapshot from device...");
device.getSyncService().pullFile("/data/local/tmp/uidump.xml", dst.getAbsolutePath(), SyncService.getNullProgressMonitor());
}
catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}

</pre><pre code_snippet_id="250249" snippet_file_name="blog_20140322_3_2829642" class="html" name="code">

               我原本以为这里面也应该有个socke啥的，跟手机端通信获取数据的。进来这里面没发现socket，但是仔细一分析，原来UiAutomatorviewer并不是通过socket来获取信息的。它是发送dump命令，让存放在手机设备中/system/bin/uiautomator下的脚本执行，获得一个uidump.xml的文件，然后将这个文件抓到本地。本地读取xml文件就可以了。这才恍然大悟为什么之前takeSnapshot方法中有定义文件的操作，原来它是通过获取xml文件存放在本地临时文件里，太鬼了。        那剩下的就是读取xml文件喽。到这，我的uiautomatorviewer的了解就结束了，还算有点收获。下面接着hierarchyviewer的使用。 

   HierarchyViewer

         说到hierarchyviewer都是眼泪，花了3个礼拜研究，由于自己的死心眼，非要通过它实现自动化，非要用java写。然后一直研究到它可以遍历settings的所有界面；然后才发现被坑了，代码太长了；if/else写了一大堆，又是dumpsys命令获取window信息和activity信息，又是图片比对确定点击跳转的图片，然后满心欢喜的拿给经理看，经理直接给否决了---效率太低；hierarchyviewer获取数据确实慢，但是总算有的基础版本的嘛；其实我发现经理心里算盘打着好着呢，她只是让我们一步一步的了解，她知道哪种方式最适合，就是还不告诉我们，就让我们自己研究，而我呢，刚来又着急展示一下，根基没打稳就像往大的方向走，都开始实现开啦；然后被经理给拽回来， 开始研究哪些实现获取控件的方式，以及优缺点，这才有了上面的uiautomator的研究；哎，不着急，一步一步来吧。        说到hierarchyviewer，研究起来真的是小孩学步啊。经理只丢了一个命题：多语自动化测试，你们研究吧。我ca类，我还傻不垃圾的问了一句：什么是多语。旁边的测试人员给我回答了，多国语言测试。汗！好吧，我低端。。。。。。开始吧。        首先选择是手机端直接测试，还是连上PC端测试？然后发现了monkey，再到monkeyrunner，然后在monkeyrunner里有touch方法点击，然后却不知道一个按钮的坐标怎么确定，在一个犄角旮旯的地方发现有人说通过hierarchyviewer可以获取坐标。然后就开始一个坐标一个坐标的找啊，编写脚本啊。总算实现了一点：唤醒--解锁--点--点--点；然后开讨论会的时候，让经理否决了，说是这么多控件，要一个一个找，得多长时间啊。要做到连上手机，不管哪个画面，它自己获得，然后点击。确实高端大气上档次！but你倒是告诉我从那块搞起啊。哎，在百般纠结于无奈中，柳暗花明啦，hierarchyviewer上的东西不就是人家从客户端获取的么。得到这个讯息后，我找到了一个知平软件写的，然后根据他的研究，一步一步了解了hierarchyviewer，在此感谢这个前辈，放出连接，新手同学可以研究下。        第一篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/07/30/2614353.html        第二篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/08/03/2618753.html        第三篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/08/08/2627614.html        第四篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/08/22/2650722.html        通过读这四篇文章，我对hierarchyviewer有了一定了解，对于这位前辈没给出的一些疑惑我做了一些深入的研究和总结。        总结：        1.hierarchyviewer是通过socket连接android设备的ViewServer，通过4939端口建立通信。        2.通过adb  -s <device>  forward  tcp:localpott  tcp:4939将端口映射到本地端口上        3.通过该本地端口，客户端启动socket连接ViewServer，发送"dump -1"命令获取控件信息。这些信息一行代表一个控件，然后存放在ViewNode中。        以上通过上面四篇文章你都能了解到。下面是自己的疑问：        1.信息是如何从一行一行的字符串转变为viewnode对象的。        2.是怎么深度遍历树的。               带着这些疑问我又暴力了，反编译hierarchyviewer2lib.jar文件，寻找到了DeviceBridge的parseHierarchy方法：  public static ViewNode parseViewHierarchy(BufferedReader in, Window window) {
ViewNode currentNode = null;
int currentDepth = -1;
try
{
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
String line;
if ("DONE.".equalsIgnoreCase(line))
break;

int depth = 0;
while (line.charAt(depth) == ' ')
++depth;

while (depth <= currentDepth) {
if (currentNode != null)
currentNode = currentNode.parent;

--currentDepth;
}
<span style="color:#ff6666;">currentNode = new ViewNode(window, currentNode, line.substring(depth));
</span> currentDepth = depth;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e("hierarchyviewer", "Error reading view hierarchy stream: " + e.getMessage());
return null;
}
if (currentNode == null)
return null;

while (currentNode.parent != null) {
currentNode = currentNode.parent;
}

return currentNode;
}
         通过标红的代码可知，创建ViewNode对象的时候，传入三个参数:window,currentNode,读取的行数据去掉空格后的line.找到ViewNode类。 package com.android.hierarchyviewerlib.models;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Image;

public class ViewNode
{
private static final double RED_THRESHOLD = 0.80000000000000004D;
private static final double YELLOW_THRESHOLD = 0.5D;
public static final String MISCELLANIOUS = "miscellaneous";
public String id;
public String name;
public String hashCode;
public List<Property> properties = new ArrayList();
public Map<String, Property> namedProperties = new HashMap();
public ViewNode parent;
public List<ViewNode> children = new ArrayList();
public int left;
public int top;
public int width;
public int height;
public int scrollX;
public int scrollY;
public int paddingLeft;
public int paddingRight;
public int paddingTop;
public int paddingBottom;
public int marginLeft;
public int marginRight;
public int marginTop;
public int marginBottom;
public int baseline;
public boolean willNotDraw;
public boolean hasMargins;
public boolean hasFocus;
public int index;
public double measureTime;
public double layoutTime;
public double drawTime;
public ProfileRating measureRating = ProfileRating.NONE;
public ProfileRating layoutRating = ProfileRating.NONE;
public ProfileRating drawRating = ProfileRating.NONE;
public Set<String> categories = new TreeSet();
public Window window;
public Image image;
public int imageReferences = 1;
public int viewCount;
public boolean filtered;
public int protocolVersion;

public ViewNode(Window window, ViewNode parent, String data)
{
<span style="color:#ff6666;">this.window = window;
this.parent = parent;
this.index = ((this.parent == null) ? 0 : this.parent.children.size());
if (this.parent != null)
this.parent.children.add(this);

int delimIndex = data.indexOf(64);
if (delimIndex < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid format for ViewNode, missing @: " + data);

this.name = data.substring(0, delimIndex);
data = data.substring(delimIndex + 1);
delimIndex = data.indexOf(32);
this.hashCode = data.substring(0, delimIndex);

if (data.length() > delimIndex + 1) {
loadProperties(data.substring(delimIndex + 1).trim());
}
else {
this.id = "unknown";
this.width = (this.height = 10);
}

</span> this.measureTime = -1.0D;
this.layoutTime = -1.0D;
this.drawTime = -1.0D;
}

public void dispose() {
int N = this.children.size();
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
((ViewNode)this.children.get(i)).dispose();

dereferenceImage();
}

public void referenceImage() {
this.imageReferences += 1;
}

public void dereferenceImage() {
this.imageReferences -= 1;
if ((this.image != null) && (this.imageReferences == 0))
this.image.dispose();
}

private void loadProperties(String data)
{
boolean stop;
int start = 0;
do
{
int index = data.indexOf(61, start);
Property property = new Property();
property.name = data.substring(start, index);

int index2 = data.indexOf(44, index + 1);
int length = Integer.parseInt(data.substring(index + 1, index2));
start = index2 + 1 + length;
property.value = data.substring(index2 + 1, index2 + 1 + length);

this.properties.add(property);
this.namedProperties.put(property.name, property);

stop = start >= data.length();
if (!(stop))
++start;
}
while (!(stop));

Collections.sort(this.properties, new Comparator(this)
{
public int compare(, ViewNode.Property destination) {
return source.name.compareTo(destination.name);
}

});
this.id = ((Property)this.namedProperties.get("mID")).value;

this.left = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mLeft")) ? getInt("mLeft", 0) : getInt("layout:mLeft", 0));

this.top = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mTop")) ? getInt("mTop", 0) : getInt("layout:mTop", 0));
this.width = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("getWidth()")) ? getInt("getWidth()", 0) : getInt("layout:getWidth()", 0));

this.height = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("getHeight()")) ? getInt("getHeight()", 0) : getInt("layout:getHeight()", 0));

this.scrollX = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mScrollX")) ? getInt("mScrollX", 0) : getInt("scrolling:mScrollX", 0));

this.scrollY = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mScrollY")) ? getInt("mScrollY", 0) : getInt("scrolling:mScrollY", 0));

this.paddingLeft = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingLeft")) ? getInt("mPaddingLeft", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingLeft", 0));

this.paddingRight = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingRight")) ? getInt("mPaddingRight", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingRight", 0));

this.paddingTop = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingTop")) ? getInt("mPaddingTop", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingTop", 0));

this.paddingBottom = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingBottom")) ? getInt("mPaddingBottom", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingBottom", 0));

this.marginLeft = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_leftMargin")) ? getInt("layout_leftMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_leftMargin", -2147483648));

this.marginRight = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_rightMargin")) ? getInt("layout_rightMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_rightMargin", -2147483648));

this.marginTop = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_topMargin")) ? getInt("layout_topMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_topMargin", -2147483648));

this.marginBottom = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_bottomMargin")) ? getInt("layout_bottomMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_bottomMargin", -2147483648));

this.baseline = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("getBaseline()")) ? getInt("getBaseline()", 0) : getInt("layout:getBaseline()", 0));

this.willNotDraw = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("willNotDraw()")) ? getBoolean("willNotDraw()", false) : getBoolean("drawing:willNotDraw()", false));

this.hasFocus = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("hasFocus()")) ? getBoolean("hasFocus()", false) : getBoolean("focus:hasFocus()", false));

this.hasMargins = ((this.marginLeft != -2147483648) && (this.marginRight != -2147483648) && (this.marginTop != -2147483648) && (this.marginBottom != -2147483648));

for (Iterator i$ = this.namedProperties.keySet().iterator(); i$.hasNext(); ) { String name = (String)i$.next();
int index = name.indexOf(58);
if (index != -1)
this.categories.add(name.substring(0, index));
}

if (this.categories.size() != 0)
this.categories.add("miscellaneous");
}

public void setProfileRatings()
{
int N = this.children.size();
if (N > 1) {
ViewNode child;
double totalMeasure = 0D;
double totalLayout = 0D;
double totalDraw = 0D;
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
child = (ViewNode)this.children.get(i);
totalMeasure += child.measureTime;
totalLayout += child.layoutTime;
totalDraw += child.drawTime;
}
for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
child = (ViewNode)this.children.get(i);
if (child.measureTime / totalMeasure >= 0.80000000000000004D)
child.measureRating = ProfileRating.RED;
else if (child.measureTime / totalMeasure >= 0.5D)
child.measureRating = ProfileRating.YELLOW;
else
child.measureRating = ProfileRating.GREEN;

if (child.layoutTime / totalLayout >= 0.80000000000000004D)
child.layoutRating = ProfileRating.RED;
else if (child.layoutTime / totalLayout >= 0.5D)
child.layoutRating = ProfileRating.YELLOW;
else
child.layoutRating = ProfileRating.GREEN;

if (child.drawTime / totalDraw >= 0.80000000000000004D)
child.drawRating = ProfileRating.RED;
else if (child.drawTime / totalDraw >= 0.5D)
child.drawRating = ProfileRating.YELLOW;
else
child.drawRating = ProfileRating.GREEN;
}
}

for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
((ViewNode)this.children.get(i)).setProfileRatings();
}

public void setViewCount()
{
this.viewCount = 1;
int N = this.children.size();
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
ViewNode child = (ViewNode)this.children.get(i);
child.setViewCount();
this.viewCount += child.viewCount;
}
}

public void filter(String text) {
int dotIndex = this.name.lastIndexOf(46);
String shortName = (dotIndex == -1) ? this.name : this.name.substring(dotIndex + 1);
this.filtered = ((!(text.equals(""))) && (((shortName.toLowerCase().contains(text.toLowerCase())) || ((!(this.id.equals("NO_ID"))) && (this.id.toLowerCase().contains(text.toLowerCase()))))));

int N = this.children.size();
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
((ViewNode)this.children.get(i)).filter(text);
}

private boolean getBoolean(String name, boolean defaultValue)
{
Property p = (Property)this.namedProperties.get(name);
if (p != null)
try {
return Boolean.parseBoolean(p.value);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
return defaultValue;
}

return defaultValue;
}

private int getInt(String name, int defaultValue) {
Property p = (Property)this.namedProperties.get(name);
if (p != null)
try {
return Integer.parseInt(p.value);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
return defaultValue;
}

return defaultValue;
}

public String toString()
{
return this.name + "@" + this.hashCode;
}

public static class Property
{
public String name;
public String value;

public String toString()
{
return this.name + '=' + this.value;
}
}

public static enum ProfileRating
{
RED, YELLOW, GREEN, NONE;
}
}
        在构造方法中，我了解到了它把传递过来的ViewNode对象作为当前对象的父对象，又把当前对象作为父节点的子节点。形成一个链表结构，这样我通过最上层的根节点就可以获得所有节点（佩服佩服，后悔自己数据结构和算法没学好啊！）。一行currentNode = new ViewNode(window, currentNode, line.substring(depth))；解决了所有烦恼，就是理解的时候要花费一点时间。        通过源码的学习。我了解hierarchyviewer的工作方式，然后我动手用java自己来实现。下一篇再续讲，该吃饭了。下一篇：android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对（2）  uiautomatorviewer在5.0中的改进