Perl参考函数

这是标准的Perl解释器所支持的所有重要函数/功能的列表。在一个函数中找到它的详细信息。

abs - 绝对值函数

accept - 接受传入的socket连接

alarm - 调度一个SIGALRM

atan2 -Y/X的反正切值，范围在-PI到PI

bind - 地址绑定到一个套接字

binmode - 准备二进制文件I / O

bless - 创建一个对象

caller - 获取当前子程序调用的上下文

chdir - 改变当前的工作目录

chmod - 改变权限的文件列表

chomp - 从字符串中删除结尾的记录分隔符

chop - 删除一个字符串的最后一个字符

chown - 改变文件列表的所有权

chr - 这个数字代表获得字符

chroot - 根目录下新建一个路径查找

close - 关闭文件（或管道或套接字）处理

closedir - 关闭目录句柄

connect - 连接到远程套接字

continue - 可选的结尾块在一段时间内或foreach

cos - 余弦函数

crypt - 单向密码式加密

dbmclose - 中断约束的一道排在并列dbm文件

dbmopen - 创建绑定一道排在并列dbm文件

defined - 测试是否为一个值，变量或函数定义或

delete - 删除从哈希一个值

die - 抛出一个异常，或摆脱困境（错误）

do - 打开块转到一个TERM

dump - 立即创建一个核心转储

each - 检索下一个键/值对从哈希

endgrent - 使用组文件

endhostent - 使用hosts文件

endnetent - 使用网络文件

endprotoent - 使用协议文件

endpwent - 使用passwd文件

endservent - 使用服务文件

eof - 测试是否为一个文件结束句柄

eval - 捕获异常或编译和运行代码

exec - 放弃此程序运行另一个

exists - 测试是否存在的哈希键

exit - 终止这个程序

exp - 提高I的幂

fcntl - 文件控制系统调用

fileno - 从文件句柄，返回的文件描述符

flock - 与咨询锁锁定整个文件

fork - 创建一个新的进程，就像这个

format - 使用write()函数声明的图片格式

formline - 内部功能的使用格式

getc - 得到的下一个字符的文件句柄

getgrent - 下一组记录

getgrgid - 组记录组用户ID

getgrnam - 组记录组的名称

gethostbyaddr - 主机记录其地址

gethostbyname - 主机记录给定的名称

gethostent - 获取下一个主机记录

getlogin -返回谁在这个tty登录

getnetbyaddr - 网络记录其地址

getnetbyname - 网络记录给定的名称

getnetent - 获得下一个的网络记录

getpeername - 找到套接字连接的另一端

getpgrp - 获取进程组

getppid - 父进程ID

getpriority - 目前的优先值

getprotobyname - 协议记录给定的名称

getprotobynumber - 协议记录数字化协议

getprotoent - 获取下一个协议记录

getpwent - passwd文件下一个记录

getpwnam - 获得passwd文件记录用户的登录名

getpwuid - 获取passwd文件记录用户ID

getservbyname - 服务记录给它的名字

getservbyport - 服务记录给定的数字端口

getservent - 得到下一个服务记录

getsockname - 对于给定的套接字检索的sockaddr

getsockopt - 获得在一个给定的socket套接字选项

glob - 扩大使用通配符的文件名

gmtime - UNIX时间转换成记录或使用格林威治时间格式的字符串。

goto - 创建goto代码

grep - 定位元素列表中的测试是对一个给定的标准

hex - 将字符串转换为一个十六进制数

import - patch a module's namespace into your own

index - find a substring within a string

int - get the integer portion of a number

ioctl - system-dependent device control system call

join - join a list into a string using a separator

keys - retrieve list of indices from a hash

kill - send a signal to a process or process group

last - exit a block prematurely

lc - return lower-case version of a string

lcfirst - return a string with just the next letter in lower case

length - return the number of bytes in a string

link - create a hard link in the filesytem

listen - register your socket as a server

local - create a temporary value for a global variable (dynamic scoping)

localtime - convert UNIX time into record or string using local time

lock - get a thread lock on a variable, subroutine, or method

log - retrieve the natural logarithm for a number

lstat - stat a symbolic link

m - match a string with a regular expression pattern

map - apply a change to a list to get back a new list with the changes

mkdir - create a directory

msgctl - SysV IPC message control operations

msgget - get SysV IPC message queue

msgrcv - receive a SysV IPC message from a message queue

msgsnd - send a SysV IPC message to a message queue

my - declare and assign a local variable (lexical scoping)

next - iterate a block prematurely

no - unimport some module symbols or semantics at compile time

oct - convert a string to an octal number

open - open a file, pipe, or descriptor

opendir - open a directory

ord - find a character's numeric representation

our - declare and assign a package variable (lexical scoping)

pack - convert a list into a binary representation

package - declare a separate global namespace

pipe - open a pair of connected filehandles

pop - remove the last element from an array and return it

pos - find or set the offset for the last/next m//g search

print - output a list to a filehandle

printf - output a formatted list to a filehandle

prototype - get the prototype (if any) of a subroutine

push - append one or more elements to an array

q - singly quote a string

qq - doubly quote a string

qr - Compile pattern

quotemeta - quote regular expression magic characters

qw - quote a list of words

qx - backquote quote a string

rand - retrieve the next pseudorandom number

read - fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle

readdir - get a directory from a directory handle

readline - fetch a record from a file

readlink - determine where a symbolic link is pointing

readpipe - execute a system command and collect standard output

recv - receive a message over a Socket

redo - start this loop iteration over again

ref - find out the type of thing being referenced

rename - change a filename

require - load in external functions from a library at runtime

reset - clear all variables of a given name

return - get out of a function early

reverse - flip a string or a list

rewinddir - reset directory handle

rindex - right-to-left substring search

rmdir - remove a directory

s - replace a pattern with a string

scalar - force a scalar context

seek - reposition file pointer for random-access I/O

seekdir - reposition directory pointer

select - reset default output or do I/O multiplexing

semctl - SysV semaphore control operations

semget - get set of SysV semaphores

semop - SysV semaphore operations

send - send a message over a socket

setgrent - prepare group file for use

sethostent - prepare hosts file for use

setnetent - prepare networks file for use

setpgrp - set the process group of a process

setpriority - set a process's nice value

setprotoent - prepare protocols file for use

setpwent - prepare passwd file for use

setservent - prepare services file for use

setsockopt - set some socket options

shift - remove the first element of an array, and return it

shmctl - SysV shared memory operations

shmget - get SysV shared memory segment identifier

shmread - read SysV shared memory

shmwrite - write SysV shared memory

shutdown - close down just half of a socket connection

sin - return the sine of a number

sleep - block for some number of seconds

socket - create a socket

socketpair - create a pair of sockets

sort - sort a list of values

splice - add or remove elements anywhere in an array

split - split up a string using a regexp delimiter

sprintf - formatted print into a string

sqrt - square root function

srand - seed the random number generator

stat - get a file's status information

study - optimize input data for repeated searches

sub - declare a subroutine, possibly anonymously

substr - get or alter a portion of a stirng

symlink - create a symbolic link to a file

syscall - execute an arbitrary system call

sysopen - open a file, pipe, or descriptor

sysread - fixed-length unbuffered input from a filehandle

sysseek - position I/O pointer on handle used with sysread and syswrite

system - run a separate program

syswrite - fixed-length unbuffered output to a filehandle

tell - get current seekpointer on a filehandle

telldir - get current seekpointer on a directory handle

tie - bind a variable to an object class

tied - get a reference to the object underlying a tied variable

time - return number of seconds since 1970

times - return elapsed time for self and child processes

tr - transliterate a string

truncate - shorten a file

uc - return upper-case version of a string

ucfirst - return a string with just the next letter in upper case

umask - set file creation mode mask

undef - remove a variable or function definition

unlink - remove one link to a file

unpack - convert binary structure into normal perl variables

unshift - prepend more elements to the beginning of a list

untie - break a tie binding to a variable

use - load in a module at compile time

utime - set a file's last access and modify times

values - return a list of the values in a hash

vec - test or set particular bits in a string

wait - wait for any child process to die

waitpid - wait for a particular child process to die

wantarray - get void vs scalar vs list context of current subroutine call

warn - print debugging info

write - print a picture record

-X - a file test (-r, -x, etc)

y - transliterate a string<