ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

oracle11g中启动该实例时都会出现如下错误：
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbs/initorcl.ora'

解决方法如下：
通过sqlplus来连接数据库，在启动oracle时，突然报错：
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '$ORACLE_HOME/db_1/dbs/initfstest.ora'
[oracle@datatest ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Wed Dec 15 10:54:03 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/initfstest.ora'

原来打不开initfstest.ora，于是进入/oracle/product/11.1.0/oradata/dbs/目录，
[oracle@datatest ~]$ cd /oracle/product/11.1.0/oradata/dbs/
[oracle@datatest dbs]$ ls
hc_datatest.dat hc_mm.dat initdw.ora init.ora lkMM orapwmm spfilemm.ora

原来是没有initfstest.ora文件
解决此问题的方法就是到cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/fstest/pfile/目录下，将ora.1114201016265复制到dbs目录下：
cp init.ora.1114201016265 /oracle/product/11.1.0/oradata/initfstest.ora

然后再次用sqlplus连接数据库
[oracle@datatest dbs]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Wed Dec 15 11:04:25 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 954155008 bytes
Fixed Size 1303916 bytes
Variable Size 239078036 bytes
Database Buffers 708837376 bytes
Redo Buffers 4935680 bytes
ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
OK了
如还是报错。也可将SPFILE文件重新建立。