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Android TV开发

2016-07-10 23:46 483 查看

前言

这里主要记录几个TV问题的解决方案,如果对这个不感兴趣的其实就不用往下看了。传送门

这几天有一个需求就是要求出一个TV版本的app,之前没有具体的了解Tv版的app有手机端的app到底有什么区别,因此就做了一下研究,写了些Demo,在做的过程中确实出现了好几个问题。一开始碰到这些问题时,浅尝辄止的试了试,发现很多都没有解决方案,本着外事问google的,search了一把,也没有结果,可能是TV做的人比较少,网上搜出来的都是照着谷歌官方的样例实现了一把而已,因此就仔细的研究了一下这些问题,这里把解决这些问题的方案描述出来,希望其他人能少走弯路,如果有更好的解决方案也希望大家探讨分享。

样例

这里我们做了一个demo,demo界面如下,以下的图都是最终运行后截出的图,由于是在模拟器上截图,导致了控件加载不完全,但是在真是的机顶盒上是没有问题的,以下的图将就着看吧:





开发过程

虽然google官方写的是手机app不用做太多改动就可以运行在Tv上,但是终究两种还是有部分区别的,这里还是要针对TV版做部分设置。

首先是配置文件的改动,需要在AndroidManifest中配置如下属性:

<uses-feature
android:name="android.hardware.touchscreen"
android:required="false"/>
<uses-feature
android:name="android.software.leanback"
android:required="true"/>


同时还需要配置一个action为android.intent.action.MAIN,category为android.intent.category.LEANBACK_LAUNCHER的Activity,类似如下:

<activity
android:name="im.yixin.home.HomeActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:screenOrientation="landscape">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LEANBACK_LAUNCHER"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>


如果记不住上面需要配置的内容其实也没有关系,可以新创建一个TV工程,默认创建的TV工程就已经包含了上述的配置,并且该工程就相当于一个demo了,是可以直接运行的一个工程,里面包含了Tv开发的很多控件,如果你要学习这也是很好的学习资料了,其实后续的内容也是根据这里的内容进行参照学习的。

这里附带一句,Android的sdk中的samples中的tv样例程序直接导入是运行不起来的,需要修改很多东西,但是实质内容与新创建的工程没有什么区别,因此也可以不用导入样例程序进行学习了。

根据前面的样例图,主界面配置页面如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@drawable/global_bg"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:paddingLeft="42dp"
android:paddingRight="42dp">

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="@dimen/gap_86_dp"
android:clickable="true">

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerVertical="true"
android:drawableLeft="@drawable/tv_logo"
android:drawablePadding="@dimen/gap_8_dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/itv_name"
android:textColor="@color/white"
android:textSize="@dimen/text_size_20"/>

<TextView
android:id="@+id/settings_tab"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_marginRight="@dimen/gap_45_dp"
android:background="@drawable/navigation_tab_bar_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/setting"
android:textColor="@color/navigation_text_selector"
android:textSize="@dimen/text_size_20"/>

<TextView
android:id="@+id/contact_tab"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginRight="@dimen/gap_45_dp"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/settings_tab"
android:background="@drawable/navigation_tab_bar_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/contact"
android:textColor="@color/navigation_text_selector"
android:textSize="@dimen/text_size_20"/>

<TextView
android:id="@+id/dial_tab"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginRight="@dimen/gap_65_dp"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/contact_tab"
android:background="@drawable/navigation_tab_bar_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/dial"
android:textColor="@color/navigation_text_selector"
android:textSize="@dimen/text_size_20"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<View
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="1px"
android:layout_marginBottom="@dimen/gap_50_dp"
android:background="@color/gray1"/>

<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/tab_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"></FrameLayout>
</LinearLayout>


界面的代码如下:

public class HomeActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {

public static void start(Context context) {
Intent intent = new Intent(context, HomeActivity.class);
context.startActivity(intent);
}

private static final String[] TAGS = {"dial", "contact", "my"};

private FragmentManager manager;

private int showTabIndex = -1;

private TextView dialTab;
private TextView contactTab;
private TextView myTab;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_home);
findViews();
setViewsListener();
init();
selectTab(0);
}

private void findViews() {
dialTab = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.dial_tab);
contactTab = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.contact_tab);
myTab = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.settings_tab);
}

private void setViewsListener() {
dialTab.setOnClickListener(this);
contactTab.setOnClickListener(this);
myTab.setOnClickListener(this);
}

private void init() {
manager = getFragmentManager();
}

private void selectTab(int index) {
if (index == showTabIndex) {
return;
}
dialTab.setSelected(index == 0);
contactTab.setSelected(index == 1);
myTab.setSelected(index == 2);
FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
hideFragment(showTabIndex, transaction);
showTabIndex = index;
showFragment(showTabIndex, transaction);
transaction.commit();
}

private void hideFragment(int tabIndex, FragmentTransaction transaction) {
Fragment fragment = getFragmentByIndex(tabIndex);
if (fragment != null) {
transaction.hide(fragment);
}
}

private Fragment getFragmentByIndex(int index) {
if (index >= 0 && index < TAGS.length) {
return manager.findFragmentByTag(TAGS[index]);
}
return null;
}

private void showFragment(int tabIndex, FragmentTransaction transaction) {
Fragment fragment = getFragmentByIndex(tabIndex);
if (fragment == null) {
switch (tabIndex) {
case 0:
fragment = new DialFragment();
break;
case 1:
/*  fragment = new ContactFragment();*/
fragment = new VerticalGridFragment();
break;
case 2:
fragment = new MyFragment();
break;
}
transaction.add(R.id.tab_container, fragment, TAGS[tabIndex]);
//transaction.addToBackStack(TAGS[tabIndex]);
} else {
transaction.show(fragment);
}
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.dial_tab:
selectTab(0);
return;
case R.id.contact_tab:
selectTab(1);
return;
case R.id.settings_tab:
selectTab(2);
//                VerticalGridActivity.start(this);
return;
}
}

}


该界面主要采用Fragment来实现三个界面,分别为拨号页面,好友,设置界面,其中拨号界面又包含两个子的Fragment,我们来继续看看拨号界面与好友界面,设置界面是一个充数的界面啥都没有做。

首先来看看拨号界面的配置代码:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@color/transparent"
android:orientation="horizontal"
tools:context="im.yixin.home.dial.DialFragment">

<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/dial_pan"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1">
</FrameLayout>

<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/contact_pan"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/gap_12_dp"
android:layout_weight="3"></FrameLayout>
</LinearLayout>


对应的界面代码如下:

public class DialFragment extends Fragment{

public DialFragment() {
// Required empty public constructor
}

/**
* Use this factory method to create a new instance of
* this fragment using the provided parameters.
*
* @return A new instance of fragment DialFragment.
*/
public static DialFragment newInstance() {
DialFragment fragment = new DialFragment();
return fragment;
}

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_dial, container, false);
}

@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
addFragments();;
}

private void addFragments() {
FragmentTransaction transaction = getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
transaction.replace(R.id.dial_pan, new DialPanFragment());
VerticalGridFragment fragment = new VerticalGridFragment();
Bundle args = new Bundle();
args.putInt(Extra.COLUMNS, Extra.DIAL_COLUMNS);
fragment.setArguments(args);
transaction.replace(R.id.contact_pan, fragment);
transaction.commit();
}

}


拨号界面被分成了两部分,一部分为拨号盘,一部分为联系人,分别占据了屏幕一份和三份,右边的联系人与主界面的好用共用了同一个Fragment,因此这里我们再看看接下来的两个界面,首先我们看看拨号盘的界面代码。

由于只做展示,因此代码写的很粗糙,界面直接写了N个按钮的代码,配置界面如下:

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@color/white_35_transparent"
android:clickable="true"
android:contextClickable="true"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context="im.yixin.home.dial.DialFragment">

<ImageView
android:id="@+id/dial_icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginBottom="@dimen/gap_20_dp"
android:focusable="true"
android:padding="@dimen/gap_20_dp"
android:src="@drawable/tv_call_btn_selector"/>

<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/input_num_line_1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_above="@id/dial_icon"
android:baselineAligned="false"
android:orientation="horizontal">

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="@drawable/keyboard_item_selector">

<ImageView
android:id="@+id/input_key_number_null"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:contentDescription="@string/empty"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_weight="1">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/input_key_number_0"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:background="@drawable/keyboard_item_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="0"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_weight="1">

<ImageView
android:id="@+id/input_key_number_del"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:background="@drawable/keyboard_item_selector"
android:contentDescription="@string/empty"
android:focusable="true"
android:scaleType="center"
android:src="@drawable/tv_del"/>
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>

<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/input_num_line_2"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_above="@+id/input_num_line_1"
android:baselineAligned="false"
android:orientation="horizontal">

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_weight="1">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/input_key_number_7"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:background="@drawable/keyboard_item_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="7"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_weight="1">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/input_key_number_8"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:background="@drawable/keyboard_item_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="8"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_weight="1">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/input_key_number_9"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:background="@drawable/keyboard_item_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="9"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>

<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/input_num_line_3"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_above="@+id/input_num_line_2"
android:baselineAligned="false"
android:orientation="horizontal">

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_weight="1">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/input_key_number_4"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:background="@drawable/keyboard_item_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="4"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_weight="1">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/input_key_number_5"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:background="@drawable/keyboard_item_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="5"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_weight="1">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/input_key_number_6"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:background="@drawable/keyboard_item_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="6"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>

<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/input_num_line_4"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_above="@+id/input_num_line_3"
android:baselineAligned="false"
android:orientation="horizontal">

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_weight="1">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/input_key_number_1"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:background="@drawable/keyboard_item_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="1"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_weight="1">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/input_key_number_2"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:background="@drawable/keyboard_item_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="2"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_weight="1">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/input_key_number_3"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:background="@drawable/keyboard_item_selector"
android:focusable="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="3"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>

<TextView
android:id="@+id/show_phone"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_above="@+id/input_num_line_4"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:padding="@dimen/gap_20_dp"
android:textColor="#ffffff"
android:textSize="33sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>


对应的界面代码如下:

public class DialPanFragment extends Fragment implements View.OnClickListener {

private TextView showPhone;

private ImageView dialBnt;

public DialPanFragment() {
// Required empty public constructor
}

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_dial_pan, container, false);
}

@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
findViews();
}

private void findViews() {
showPhone = (TextView) getView().findViewById(R.id.show_phone);
dialBnt = (ImageView) getView().findViewById(R.id.dial_icon);
dialBnt.setOnClickListener(this);
dialBnt.setTag(-2);
dialBnt.setEnabled(false);
View view0 = getView().findViewById(R.id.input_key_number_0);
view0.setTag(0);
view0.setOnClickListener(this);
View view1 = getView().findViewById(R.id.input_key_number_1);
view1.setTag(1);
view1.setOnClickListener(this);
view1.setNextFocusUpId(R.id.dial_tab);
View view2 = getView().findViewById(R.id.input_key_number_2);
view2.setTag(2);
view2.setOnClickListener(this);
view2.setNextFocusUpId(R.id.dial_tab);
View view3 = getView().findViewById(R.id.input_key_number_3);
view3.setTag(3);
view3.setOnClickListener(this);
view3.setNextFocusUpId(R.id.dial_tab);
View view4 = getView().findViewById(R.id.input_key_number_4);
view4.setTag(4);
view4.setOnClickListener(this);
View view5 = getView().findViewById(R.id.input_key_number_5);
view5.setTag(5);
view5.setOnClickListener(this);
View view6 = getView().findViewById(R.id.input_key_number_6);
view6.setTag(6);
view6.setOnClickListener(this);
View view7 = getView().findViewById(R.id.input_key_number_7);
view7.setTag(7);
view7.setOnClickListener(this);
View view8 = getView().findViewById(R.id.input_key_number_8);
view8.setTag(8);
view8.setOnClickListener(this);
View view9 = getView().findViewById(R.id.input_key_number_9);
view9.setTag(9);
view9.setOnClickListener(this);
View viewDel = getView().findViewById(R.id.input_key_number_del);
viewDel.setTag(-1);
viewDel.setOnClickListener(this);
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int tag = (int) v.getTag();
if (tag == -2) {
dial();
} else if (tag == -1) {// DEL
delNumber();
} else {
inputNumber(tag);
}
}

private void delNumber() {
String text = showPhone.getText().toString();
if (text != null && text.length() > 0) {
text = text.substring(0, text.length() - 1);
showPhone.setText(text);
}
dialBtnState(text);
}

private void inputNumber(int tag) {
String text = showPhone.getText().toString();
if (text == null) {
text = new String(String.valueOf(tag));
} else {
text = text + tag;
}
dialBtnState(text);
showPhone.setText(text);
}

private void dial() {
String text = showPhone.getText().toString();
int len = TextUtils.isEmpty(text) ? 0 : text.length();
if (len != 11) {
ToastUtil.showToast("你输入的账号不合法!");
showPhone.setText("");
} else {
String uid = ContactProvider.getUidByPhone(text);
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(uid)) {
ToastUtil.showToast("该账号不存在!");
} else {
// TODO
}
}
}

private void dialBtnState(String text) {
dialBnt.setEnabled(!TextUtils.isEmpty(text));
}
}


最后我们再来看看好友界面,改界面本地是没有xml的,因此我们直接来看看代码:

这里将使用到数据bean,与数据源的代码也贴出来如下:

public class Contact implements Parcelable {

private String phone;

private int headResId;

private String name;

public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}

public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}

public int getHeadResId() {
return headResId;
}

public void setHeadResId(int headResId) {
this.headResId = headResId;
}

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public Contact() {

}

public Contact(Parcel in) {
phone = in.readString();
headResId = in.readInt();
name = in.readString();
}

public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}

@Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
dest.writeString(phone);
dest.writeInt(headResId);
dest.writeString(name);
}

@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(200);
sb.append("Contact{");
sb.append("phone='" + phone + '\'');
sb.append(", headResId='" + headResId + '\'');
sb.append(", name='" + name + '\'');
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString();
}

public static final Creator CREATOR = new Creator() {
public Contact createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
return new Contact(in);
}

public Contact[] newArray(int size) {
return new Contact[size];
}
};
}

//////
public class ContactProvider {

private static List<Contact> contactList;
private static Context sContext;

private static int[] head = {R.drawable.avater1, R.drawable.avater2, R.drawable.avater3, R.drawable.avater4, R
.drawable.avater5, R.drawable.avater6, R.drawable.avater7, R.drawable.avater8, R.drawable.avater9, R
.drawable.avater10, R.drawable.avater11, R.drawable.avater12};

private static String[] names = {"梦洁", "雅静", "韵寒", "莉姿", "沛玲", "欣妍", "歆瑶", "凌菲", "靖瑶", "瑾萱", "芳蕤", "若华"};

private static String[] phones = {"18618188630", "18158103936", "18620145337", "15116333186", "18618188630",
"18158103936", "18620145337", "15116333186", "18618188630", "18158103936", "18620145337", "18767106408"};

public static void setContext(Context context) {
if (sContext == null)
sContext = context;
}

public static List<Contact> getContactList() {
buildContact();
return contactList;
}

public static List<Contact> buildContact() {
if (null != contactList) {
return contactList;
}
contactList = new ArrayList<Contact>();
for (int i = 0; i < 12; ++i) {
contactList.add(buildContactInfo(phones[i], names[i], head[i]));
}
return contactList;
}

private static Contact buildContactInfo(String phone, String name, int resId) {
Contact contact = new Contact();
contact.setPhone(phone);
contact.setName(name);
contact.setHeadResId(resId);
return contact;
}
}


/*
* VerticalGridFragment shows a grid of videos
*/
public class VerticalGridFragment extends android.support.v17.leanback.app.VerticalGridFragment {
private static final String TAG = "VerticalGridFragment";

private static final int DEFAULT_COLUMNS = 4;

private int numColumns = DEFAULT_COLUMNS;

private ArrayObjectAdapter mAdapter;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate");
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//setTitle(getString(R.string.vertical_grid_title));
getParams();
setupFragment();
}

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View root = super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
return root;
}

private void setupFragment() {
VerticalGridPresenter gridPresenter = new VerticalGridPresenter(FocusHighlight.ZOOM_FACTOR_NONE);
gridPresenter.setNumberOfColumns(numColumns);
//gridPresenter.setShadowEnabled(false);
setGridPresenter(gridPresenter);

mAdapter = new ArrayObjectAdapter(new ContactPresenter());

List<Contact> contacts = ContactProvider.getContactList();
mAdapter.addAll(0, contacts);

setAdapter(mAdapter);

setOnItemViewClickedListener(new ItemViewClickedListener());
setOnItemViewSelectedListener(new ItemViewSelectedListener());
}

public void getParams() {
if (getArguments() != null) {
numColumns = getArguments().getInt(Extra.COLUMNS);
}
}

private final class ItemViewClickedListener implements OnItemViewClickedListener {
@Override
public void onItemClicked(Presenter.ViewHolder itemViewHolder, Object item, RowPresenter.ViewHolder
rowViewHolder, Row row) {

if (item instanceof Contact) {
Contact contact = (Contact) item;
// TODO
}
}
}

private final class ItemViewSelectedListener implements OnItemViewSelectedListener {
@Override
public void onItemSelected(Presenter.ViewHolder itemViewHolder, Object item, RowPresenter.ViewHolder
rowViewHolder, Row row) {
}
}

}


在Fragment中我们自己实现了一个ContactPresenter,该Presenter是仿照官方的CardPresenter,但是CardPresenter中使用的ImageCardView是系统support包中提供的控件,而ContactPresenter中使用的是自己自定义的控件, 代码如下:

public class ContactPresenter extends Presenter {
private static final String TAG = "CardPresenter";
private static int sSelectedBackgroundColor;
private static int sDefaultBackgroundColor;

@Override
public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent) {
Log.d(TAG, "onCreateViewHolder");

sDefaultBackgroundColor = parent.getResources().getColor(R.color.white_35_transparent);
sSelectedBackgroundColor = parent.getResources().getColor(R.color.white_60_transparent);

ContactView contactView = new ContactView(parent.getContext()) {
@Override
public void setSelected(boolean selected) {
updateCardBackgroundColor(this, selected);
super.setSelected(selected);
}
};

contactView.setFocusable(true);
contactView.setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
updateCardBackgroundColor(contactView, false);
return new ViewHolder(contactView);
}

private static void updateCardBackgroundColor(ContactView view, boolean selected) {
int color = selected ? sSelectedBackgroundColor : sDefaultBackgroundColor;
view.setBackgroundColor(color);
//view.findViewById(R.id.info_field).setBackgroundColor(color);
}

@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder viewHolder, Object item) {
Contact contact = (Contact) item;
ContactView contactView = (ContactView) viewHolder.view;
Log.d(TAG, "onBindViewHolder");
contactView.setHead(contact.getHeadResId());
contactView.setName(contact.getName());
contactView.setPhone(contact.getPhone());

}

@Override
public void onUnbindViewHolder(ViewHolder viewHolder) {
Log.d(TAG, "onUnbindViewHolder");
ContactView contactView = (ContactView) viewHolder.view;
// Remove references to images so that the garbage collector can free up memory
contactView.setHead(0);
}
}


ContactView是一个继承自LinearLayout的自定义控件,包含了一个ImageView和两个TextView。

到此整个界面的代码就完成了,接下来我们来看看遇到的问题。

注意事项

事项1

在VerticalGridFragment中一定要记得在onViewCreated函数之前调用setGridPresenter函数,因为之后再onViewCreated中使用到了setGridPresenter中传入的VerticalGridPresenter.

事项2

在构造ArrayObjectAdapter时,如果你的界面只有一种view类型,则调用如下的构造函数:

public ArrayObjectAdapter(Presenter presenter) {
super(presenter);
}


但是如果你是多view类型,你就必须要调用传入PresenterSelector的构造函数:

public ArrayObjectAdapter(PresenterSelector presenterSelector) {
super(presenterSelector);
}


PresenterSelector是一个抽象类,因此需要你进行实现,在getPresenter跟数据类型,返回不同的Presenter

public abstract class PresenterSelector {
/**
* Returns a presenter for the given item.
*/
public abstract Presenter getPresenter(Object item);

/**
* Returns an array of all possible presenters.  The returned array should
* not be modified.
*/
public Presenter[] getPresenters() {
return null;
}
}


问题列表

问题1:控件遥控器不能选中,不能导航

出现这种问题往往是控件没有设置android:focusable=”true”属性,只有默认能够选中焦点的才不需要设置改属性,比如Button,EditText。

问题2:控件选中后,看不出选中效果

由于默认选中是没有视觉效果的,因此你需要对控件设置选中效果,比如说背景图片,以前在手机上可能只需要设置selector中的pressed属性,或者selected属性,现在针对TV你必须要设置focused属性,比如拨号键盘选中后会出现一个圆形的选中背景框, 如下:



要实现上述效果,因此对每一键盘输入按钮添加如下的selector。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

<item android:drawable="@drawable/key_board_hover" android:state_focused="true"></item>
<item android:drawable="@drawable/key_board_hover" android:state_pressed="true"></item>
<item android:drawable="@drawable/key_board_hover" android:state_checked="true"></item>
<item android:drawable="@color/transparent"></item>

</selector>

key_board_hover.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:shape="oval">
<solid android:color="@color/white_35_transparent"></solid>
<size
android:width="40dp"
android:height="40dp"/>
</shape>


问题3:TV launcher中没有入口图标

如果需要出现入口图标,你必须要在AndroidManifest中配置action为android.intent.action.MAIN,category为android.intent.category.LAUNCHER的Activity。该配置与上面的LEANBACK_LAUNCHER不冲突,可以对入口Activity配置LAUNCHER,之后一个页面配置LEANBACK_LAUNCHER,配置如下:

<activity
android:name=".WelcomeActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:screenOrientation="landscape">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LEANBACK_LAUNCHER"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>


问题4:TV launcher中的图标不清晰,太糊

如果直接将手机app的launcher图标直接使用到TV中,则图标会拉伸,由于TV的图标往往都比较大,拉伸后就会变糊,因此需要重新切launcher图标,手机里面是48*48, 72*72,96*96等,而tv需要更大的尺寸,虽然没有在官方找到建议的尺寸,但是这里推荐一个尺寸180*180,可以多个文件夹都放同一个图标,这样界面加载的图标就会变得清晰。

问题5:遥控器导航下一个不是自己希望导航的控件

系统中如果界面中有多个可focus的控件,上下左右导航,则会找到与当前控件最邻近的控件作为下一个选中的控件,因此如果你确切想指定下一个导航的控件,则可以指定下一个控件的ID,只要该id在当前显示的界面中,比如向上 view1.setNextFocusUpId(R.id.dial_tab);

问题6:官方VerticalGridFragment加载后,默认选中第一个,但是第一个占据了整个界面。

该问题应该是官方的一个bug,如果不是第一次加载VerticalGridFragment,则不会出现该问题,并且我尝试了多个版本的,都会出现该问题,原因是选中后系统会在在选中的控件后插入两帧NonOverlappingView,插入的布局代码如下:

<merge xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<android.support.v17.leanback.widget.NonOverlappingView
android:id="@+id/lb_shadow_normal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@drawable/lb_card_shadow_normal" />
<android.support.v17.leanback.widget.NonOverlappingView
android:id="@+id/lb_shadow_focused"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@drawable/lb_card_shadow_focused"
android:alpha="0" />

</merge>


该布局插入了两帧NonOverlappingView,每一帧都使用了一个.9图标作为背景,而当系统第一次加载时,最终第一个选中的控件宽高计算错误,计算成了一个16777211类似的一个值,远远超出了界面的大小,解决方案如下:

方案1,将布局中的match_parent改为wrap_content

方案2,对VerticalGridFragment中使用的VerticalGridPresenter设置ShadowEnabled,如gridPresenter.setShadowEnabled(false);

方案3,替换掉.9图片

问题7:VerticalGridFragment加载后,选中放大效果不居中

在VerticalGridFragment,如果ArrayObjectAdapter使用的是自己实现的Presenter,而Presenter使用的不是系统提供的ImageCardView,则会导致选中效果不居中,当选中效果放大后会向右向下覆盖,而不是在当前位置放大覆盖四周。

该问题,我查了对应的style、只有针对ImageCardView的style,我也还没有仔细研究怎么调整,不过这里给出一个避免的方案,对VerticalGridPresenter选中后的高亮效果选择为不放大,如new VerticalGridPresenter(FocusHighlight.ZOOM_FACTOR_NONE)。

问题8:VerticalGridFragment顶层控件不能向上导航

比如在联系人列表页第一行时,遥控器向上不能导航,比如不能导航到拨号,好友控件,该问题其实是被系统给拦截了。系统的VerticalGridFragment加载了lb_vertical_grid_fragment布局,该布局包含了一个BrowseFrameLayout,对

BrowseFrameLayout设置了setOnFocusSearchListener。如下:

private void setupFocusSearchListener() {
BrowseFrameLayout browseFrameLayout = (BrowseFrameLayout) getView().findViewById(
R.id.grid_frame);
browseFrameLayout.setOnFocusSearchListener(getTitleHelper().getOnFocusSearchListener());
}


当系统在VerticalGridPresenter最顶层时,向上找最近一个控件时,发现当前布局已经没有控件,则会向父布局查找,代码如下:

public View focusSearch(View focused, int direction) {
if (isRootNamespace()) {
// root namespace means we should consider ourselves the top of the
// tree for focus searching; otherwise we could be focus searching
// into other tabs.  see LocalActivityManager and TabHost for more info
return FocusFinder.getInstance().findNextFocus(this, focused, direction);
} else if (mParent != null) {
return mParent.focusSearch(focused, direction);
}
return null;
}


而VerticalGridPresenter的父布局则是BrowseFrameLayout,因此最终执行的是上面设置的getTitleHelper().getOnFocusSearchListener(),我们去看看改listener:

private final BrowseFrameLayout.OnFocusSearchListener mOnFocusSearchListener =
new BrowseFrameLayout.OnFocusSearchListener() {
@Override
public View onFocusSearch(View focused, int direction) {
if (focused != mTitleView && direction == View.FOCUS_UP) {
return mTitleView;
}
final boolean isRtl = ViewCompat.getLayoutDirection(focused) ==
View.LAYOUT_DIRECTION_RTL;
final int forward = isRtl ? View.FOCUS_LEFT : View.FOCUS_RIGHT;
if (mTitleView.hasFocus() && direction == View.FOCUS_DOWN || direction == forward) {
return mSceneRoot;
}
return null;
}
};


发现问题所在没有,当focused != mTitleView && direction == View.FOCUS_UP时,强制指定了mTitleView,就算没有没有显示title,效果也一样。我认为这应该算系统的一个bug,那怎么解决呐?

我们可以重写一个一模一样的lb_vertical_grid_fragment,自己写的布局会覆盖掉系统的布局,再将BrowseFrameLayout重写成我们自己的BrowseFrameLayout。如下

public class BrowseFrameLayout extends android.support.v17.leanback.widget.BrowseFrameLayout {
public BrowseFrameLayout(Context context) {
super(context);
}

public BrowseFrameLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}

public BrowseFrameLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
}

/**
* Sets a {@link OnFocusSearchListener}.
*/
public void setOnFocusSearchListener(OnFocusSearchListener listener) {

}
}


这样就可以实现向上导航的功能了。

问题9:VerticalGridFragment内容未占满整个屏幕

<!--BrowseFragment, RowsFragment, DetailsFragment padding 左边的距离</item>-->
<item name="browsePaddingStart">@dimen/lb_browse_padding_start</item>
<!--BrowseFragment, RowsFragment, DetailsFragment padding 右边的距离</item>-->
<item name="browsePaddingEnd">@dimen/lb_browse_padding_end</item>
<!--BrowseFragment padding 顶部的距离</item>-->
<item name="browsePaddingTop">@dimen/lb_browse_padding_top</item>
<!--BrowseFragment padding 底部的距离</item>-->
<item name="browsePaddingBottom">@dimen/lb_browse_padding_bottom</item>
<!--start margin of RowsFragment inside BrowseFragment when HeadersFragment is visible</item>-->
<item name="browseRowsMarginStart">@dimen/lb_browse_rows_margin_start</item>
<!--top margin of RowsFragment inside BrowseFragment when BrowseFragment title is visible</item>-->
<item name="browseRowsMarginTop">@dimen/lb_browse_rows_margin_top</item>


如果你使用的是BrowseFragment,则控制上述的边距,如果你使用的是VerticalGridFragment, 则复写itemsVerticalGridStyle,他也使用了上述定义的值,也可以直接设置具体的值:

<style name="ItemsVerticalGridStyle" parent="@style/Widget.Leanback.GridItems.VerticalGridView">
<item name="horizontalMargin">@dimen/gap_12_dp</item>
<item name="verticalMargin">@dimen/gap_12_dp</item>

<item name="android:focusable">true</item>
<item name="android:focusableInTouchMode">true</item>
<item name="android:paddingStart">?attr/browsePaddingStart</item>
<item name="android:paddingEnd">?attr/browsePaddingEnd</item>
<item name="android:paddingBottom">@dimen/lb_vertical_grid_padding_bottom</item>
<item name="android:paddingTop">?attr/browseRowsMarginTop</item>
<item name="android:gravity">center_horizontal</item>
<item name="focusOutFront">true</item>
</style>


样式调整

如果你需要对VerticalGridFragment的某些样式进行调整,你可以重新定义一个Theme继承自Theme.Leanback,这里我们大致写其中几个效果。可以控制VerticalGridFragment的内容的四周的边距,也可以控制ImageCardView的视觉效果。

<style name="AppTheme" parent="@style/Theme.Leanback">

<!--BrowseFragment, RowsFragment, DetailsFragment padding 左边的距离</item>-->
<item name="browsePaddingStart">@dimen/lb_browse_padding_start</item>
<!--BrowseFragment, RowsFragment, DetailsFragment padding 右边的距离</item>-->
<item name="browsePaddingEnd">@dimen/lb_browse_padding_end</item>
<!--BrowseFragment padding 顶部的距离</item>-->
<item name="browsePaddingTop">@dimen/lb_browse_padding_top</item>
<!--BrowseFragment padding 底部的距离</item>-->
<item name="browsePaddingBottom">@dimen/lb_browse_padding_bottom</item>
<!--start margin of RowsFragment inside BrowseFragment when HeadersFragment is visible</item>-->
<item name="browseRowsMarginStart">@dimen/lb_browse_rows_margin_start</item>
<!--top margin of RowsFragment inside BrowseFragment when BrowseFragment title is visible</item>-->
<item name="browseRowsMarginTop">@dimen/lb_browse_rows_margin_top</item>
<!--fading edge length of start of browse row when HeadersFragment is visible</item>-->
<item name="browseRowsFadingEdgeLength">@dimen/lb_browse_rows_fading_edge</item>

<item name="baseCardViewStyle">@style/BaseCardViewStyle</item>

<item name="overlayDimMaskColor">@color/transparent</item>
<item name="overlayDimActiveLevel">@fraction/lb_view_active_level</item>
<!--控制每一个item 背景投影</item>-->
<item name="overlayDimDimmedLevel">0%</item>

<item name="itemsVerticalGridStyle">@style/ItemsVerticalGridStyle</item>
</style>

<style name="BaseCardViewStyle" parent="@style/Widget.Leanback.BaseCardViewStyle">
<item name="cardForeground">@color/transparent</item>
<item name="cardBackground">@color/transparent</item>
</style>

<style name="ItemsVerticalGridStyle" parent="@style/Widget.Leanback.GridItems.VerticalGridView"> <item name="horizontalMargin">@dimen/gap_12_dp</item> <item name="verticalMargin">@dimen/gap_12_dp</item> <item name="android:focusable">true</item> <item name="android:focusableInTouchMode">true</item> <item name="android:paddingStart">?attr/browsePaddingStart</item> <item name="android:paddingEnd">?attr/browsePaddingEnd</item> <item name="android:paddingBottom">@dimen/lb_vertical_grid_padding_bottom</item> <item name="android:paddingTop">?attr/browseRowsMarginTop</item> <item name="android:gravity">center_horizontal</item> <item name="focusOutFront">true</item> </style>

<style name="ImageCardViewInfoAreaStyle" parent="@style/Widget.Leanback.ImageCardView.InfoAreaStyle">
<item name="android:background">@null</item>
</style>

<style name="ImageCardViewStyle" parent="@style/Widget.Leanback.ImageCardViewStyle">
<item name="cardBackground">@color/transparent</item>
</style>

<style name="ImageCardViewTitleStyle" parent="@style/Widget.Leanback.ImageCardView.TitleStyle">
<item name="android:layout_marginBottom">@dimen/lb_basic_card_info_text_margin</item>
<item name="android:textAlignment">center</item>
<item name="android:ellipsize">end</item>
</style>

<style name="ImageCardViewContentStyle" parent="@style/Widget.Leanback.ImageCardView.ContentStyle">
<item name="android:layout_alignParentStart">false</item>
<item name="android:textAlignment">center</item>
</style>


总结

这其中有一个问题是@我是asha查出来的

在开发过程中可能还有这样或者那样的问题这里没有遇到,希望大家指正上面的问题,也可以探讨遇到的新问题。
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