基于Redux的ReactNative项目开发总结(一)
2016-06-17 17:09
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写在前面
上周把基于Redux的单页应用开发完 紧接着就开始了
ReactNative的开发。真的快得不可思议,只花了一周时间,我们两个人就分工把APP也开发完了,并且同时兼容
IOS操作系统和
Android操作系统。内部测试了一轮,流畅性和用户体验方面也都相当给力! 接下去几篇依次介绍项目开发中领悟的技巧和遇到的坑。
项目架构
和React开发的单页应用不同,
ReactNative开发不需要依赖
webpack,
NodeJS的转换和运行工具,这里不多做介绍。项目的架构如下:
|---- project |---- android // android外壳 |---- ios // ios外壳 |---- node_modules // 项目依赖的node模块 |---- app // 本项目的js代码 |---- actions // Redux的actions |---- assets // 项目使用的icon |---- components // 项目自定义的组件 |---- containers // 项目的容器页面 |---- mixins // 全局使用的工具方法 |---- modules // 全局使用的自定义模块 |---- reducers // Redux的reducers |---- configureStore.js // Redux的store配置 |---- index.js // APP入口页面 |---- index.ios.js // android入口 |---- index.android.js // ios入口 |---- packge.json // 项目包信息
对
Redux不清楚的童鞋可以出门看我之前的《基于Redux的单页应用开发总结》 。其实除了路由,其他和单页应用的结构差别不大。
依赖的Node模块
ReactNative开发离不开
NodeJS的支持,相比单页应用,这里依赖的模块比较少,除了
Redux相关的模块,其他都是项目中用到的三方组件。
"dependencies": { "@remobile/react-native-toast": "^1.0.4", // 用于错误提示的小弹窗 "base-64": "^0.1.0", "react": "^0.14.8", "react-native": "^0.25.1", "react-native-animatable": "^0.6.0", // 动画库 "react-native-communications": "^2.0.0", // 调用手机通讯功能 "react-native-image-picker": "^0.18.17", // 图片选择 "react-native-modalbox": "^1.3.3", // 模态框 "react-native-tab-navigator": "^0.2.18", // 导航栏 "react-native-viewpager": "^0.2.1", // 图片轮播切换 "react-redux": "^4.4.5", "redux": "^3.5.2", "redux-thunk": "^2.0.1" }
错误提示
App里错误提示和网站稍有不同,网站页面宽度大,错误提示信息一般出现在输入框的后面或者悬浮在右上角。但是在App里,需要考虑用户不同的屏幕尺寸,错误信息应该放在一个相对独立且不影响其他元素显示的位置,目前主流的展现形式是这样的:即悬浮放置在页面的中底部,并且定时自动关闭。这个玩意自己写一个也不难,不过为了省事和好的兼容性,就直接使用三方的
@remobile/react-native-toast了。使用方法如下:
import Toast from '@remobile/react-native-toast'; // ... Toast.showShortBottom('用户名或密码不正确');
对外的API有以下几个,顾名思义:
Toast.showShortTop = function (message) { showToast(message, "short", "top"); }; Toast.showShortCenter = function (message) { showToast(message, "short", "center"); }; Toast.showShortBottom = function (message) { showToast(message, "short", "bottom"); }; Toast.showLongTop = function (message) { showToast(message, "long", "top"); }; Toast.showLongCenter = function (message) { showToast(message, "long", "center"); }; Toast.showLongBottom = function (message) { showToast(message, "long", "bottom"); }; Toast.show = function (message) { showToast(message, "short", "bottom"); }; Toast.hide = function () { RCTToast.hide(); };
安装和使用方法请查看 官方文档
动画库
之前花时间研究过CSS3的动画库,其实目前主流的动画类型和动画创意就那么些,感兴趣的可以 clone一下 myAnimate 这个项目。一句话,
CSS3里使用的动画方案,
ReactNative里也应有尽有。我这边使用的是
react-native-animatable组件。使用方式如下:
import * as Animatable from 'react-native-animatable'; class ExampleView extends Component { render() { return ( <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => this.setState({fontSize: (this.state.fontSize || 10) + 5 })}> <Animatable.Text transition="fontSize" style={{fontSize: this.state.fontSize || 10}}>Size me up, Scotty</Animatable.Text> </TouchableOpacity> ); } }
下面是官方的Demo
调用手机通讯功能
在HybridApp里实现这个功能还是挺麻烦的,需要客户端封装好接口给H5调用,但是在
ReactNative里,一个组件就能搞定——
react-native-communications,安装请查看官方文档
这个组件安装很简单,支持的功能有:拨号、发短信、发Email、打开网页 等 ,下面是官方一个综合的例子:
import React, { Component } from 'react'; import { AppRegistry, StyleSheet, Text, View, TouchableOpacity } from 'react-native'; import Communications from 'react-native-communications'; class RNCommunications extends Component({ render() { return ( <View style={styles.container}> <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => Communications.phonecall('0123456789', true)}> <View style={styles.holder}> <Text style={styles.text}>Make phonecall</Text> </View> </TouchableOpacity> <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => Communications.email(['emailAddress1', 'emailAddress2'],null,null,'My Subject','My body text')}> <View style={styles.holder}> <Text style={styles.text}>Send an email</Text> </View> </TouchableOpacity> <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => Communications.text('0123456789')}> <View style={styles.holder}> <Text style={styles.text}>Send a text/iMessage</Text> </View> </TouchableOpacity> <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => Communications.web('https://github.com/facebook/react-native')}> <View style={styles.holder}> <Text style={styles.text}>Open react-native repo on Github</Text> </View> </TouchableOpacity> </View> ); } }); const styles = StyleSheet.create({ container: { flex: 1, alignItems: 'center', backgroundColor: 'rgb(253,253,253)', }, holder: { flex: 0.25, justifyContent: 'center', }, text: { fontSize: 32, }, }); AppRegistry.registerComponent('RNCommunications', () => RNCommunications);
访问手机相册
调取手机相册和上传图片是个老生常谈的问题,ReactNative里可以通过
react-native-image-picker来处理,安装请查看官方文档
拎一段代码片段:
import ImagePicker from 'react-native-image-picker' const options = { title: '选择上传图片', // specify null or empty string to remove the title cancelButtonTitle: '取消', takePhotoButtonTitle: '拍照...', // specify null or empty string to remove this button chooseFromLibraryButtonTitle: '从库中选择...', // specify null or empty string to remove this button //customButtons: { // 'Choose Photo from Facebook': 'fb', // [Button Text] : [String returned upon selection] //}, cameraType: 'back', // 'front' or 'back' mediaType: 'photo', //videoQuality: 'high', // 'low', 'medium', or 'high' maxWidth: 200, // photos only maxHeight: 200, // photos only allowsEditing: true, noData: false, } //... onUpload() { ImagePicker.showImagePicker(options, (response) => { if (response.didCancel) { //console.log('User cancelled image picker'); } else if (response.error) { //console.log('ImagePicker Error: ', response.error); } else { let source = {uri: response.uri.replace('file://', ''), isLocal: true, isStatic: true}; this.setState({ form: {...this.state.form, avatar: source} }) } }) }
模态框
模态框在App里使用的也比较多,比如确认模态、加载模态、输入模态等,出于良好的用户体验和兼容性考虑,我这里底层采用react-native-modalbox,然后根据不同功能进行二次加工。
ConfirmModal
很常见,不多做介绍,copy下面代码 直接可以使用import React, { Component } from 'react'; import { Dimensions, StyleSheet, Text, TouchableOpacity, View, } from 'react-native'; import ModalBox from 'react-native-modalbox'; const styles = StyleSheet.create({ modal: { borderRadius: 10, }, modalContent: { flex: 1, paddingLeft: 10, paddingRight: 10, }, h2: { marginTop: 15, fontSize: 20, color: '#555', textAlign: 'center', }, modalOption: { flexDirection: 'row', borderTopWidth: 1, borderTopColor: '#ddd', }, modalCancel: { flex: 1, padding: 15, }, modalCancelText: { fontSize: 16, textAlign: 'center', }, modalConfirm: { flex: 1, padding: 15, borderLeftWidth: 1, borderLeftColor: '#ddd', }, modalConfirmText: { fontSize: 16, textAlign: 'center', }, message: { flex: 1, justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center', }, messageText: { color: '#555', fontSize: 16, }, }); export default class ConfirmModal extends Component { constructor(props) { super(props); } open() { this.refs.modal.open() } close() { this.refs.modal.close() } render() { let { width } = Dimensions.get('window'); return ( <ModalBox ref={"modal"} style={[styles.modal, {width: this.props.width || (width-60), height: this.props.height || 200}]} backdropOpacity={0.3} position={"center"} isOpen={false}> <View style={styles.modalContent}> <Text style={styles.h2}>{ this.props.title || '提示' }</Text> <View style={styles.message}><Text style={styles.messageText}>{ this.props.message }</Text></View> </View> <View style={styles.modalOption}> <TouchableOpacity style={styles.modalCancel} onPress={()=> this.refs.modal.close() }> <Text style={styles.modalCancelText}>取消</Text> </TouchableOpacity> <TouchableOpacity style={styles.modalConfirm} onPress={()=> this.props.onConfirm() }> <Text style={styles.modalConfirmText}>确定</Text> </TouchableOpacity> </View> </ModalBox> ) } }
LoadingModal
这个也很常见,copy下面代码 直接可以使用import React, { Component } from 'react'; import { StyleSheet, } from 'react-native'; import ModalBox from 'react-native-modalbox'; const styles = StyleSheet.create({ modal: { justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center', backgroundColor: 'transparent' }, }); export default class LoadingModal extends Component { constructor(props) { super(props); } open() { this.refs.modal.open() } close() { this.refs.modal.close() } render() { return ( <ModalBox style={styles.modal} ref="modal" position={"center"} backdrop={false} isOpen={this.props.isOpen || false} //backdropOpacity={.3} backdropPressToClose={false} animationDuration={10} > </ModalBox> ); } }
PickerModal
这个特别讲解一下,PickerModal用于页面上的
Picker的处理,显示效果如下:
import React, { Component } from 'react'; import { Dimensions, StyleSheet, Text, TouchableOpacity, Picker, View, } from 'react-native'; import ModalBox from 'react-native-modalbox' import dismissKeyboard from '../mixins/dismiss-keyboard' const styles = StyleSheet.create({ popup: { }, popupContent: { flex: 1, paddingLeft: 10, paddingRight: 10, }, h2: { marginTop: 15, fontSize: 20, color: '#555', textAlign: 'center', }, popupOption: { flexDirection: 'row', borderTopWidth: 1, borderTopColor: '#ddd', }, popupCancel: { flex: 1, padding: 15, }, popupCancelText: { fontSize: 16, textAlign: 'center', }, popupConfirm: { flex: 1, padding: 15, borderLeftWidth: 1, borderLeftColor: '#ddd', }, popupConfirmText: { fontSize: 16, textAlign: 'center', }, message: { flex: 1, justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center', }, messageText: { color: '#555', fontSize: 16, }, }); export default class PickerModal extends Component { constructor(props) { super(props); } open() { dismissKeyboard() this.refs.modal.open() } close() { this.refs.modal.close() } _renderPickerItems(data) { data.map((item)=>{ return [ <Picker.Item label={item[0]} value={item[1]} /> ] }) } render() { let { width } = Dimensions.get('window'); return ( <ModalBox ref={"modal"} style={[styles.popup, {width: this.props.width || (width), height: this.props.height || 200}]} backdropOpacity={0.3} position={"bottom"} swipeToClose={false} isOpen={false}> <View style={styles.popupContent}> <Picker {...this.props}> {this.props.dataSource.map((item,i)=> { if (item.length) return <Picker.Item key={i} label={item[0]} value={item[1]} /> })} </Picker> </View> </ModalBox> ) } }
补充说明一下
dismissKeyboard()这个方法,该方法用于关闭页面的
keyboard(键盘),
ReactNative默认没有这种方法,需要自己编写:
import { TextInput } from 'react-native'; const { State: TextInputState } = TextInput; export default function dismissKeyboard() { TextInputState.blurTextInput(TextInputState.currentlyFocusedField()); }
导航条
这个组件其实ReactNative提供了原生版本的,但是样式和功能上不好控制,建议自己手写一个,代码如下:
import React, { Component } from "react"; import { Image, Platform, StyleSheet, Text, TouchableOpacity, View, } from 'react-native'; const styles = StyleSheet.create({ leftButton: { marginLeft: 5, }, rightButton: { marginRight: 5, }, button: { width: 44, height: 44, justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center', }, nav: { backgroundColor: '#f9f9f9', flexDirection: 'row', alignItems: 'center', }, title: { flex: 1, height: 44, justifyContent: 'center', }, btnText: { fontSize: 16, color: '#777', }, marginForIOS: { marginTop: 20, }, titleText: { fontSize: 20, textAlign: 'center', color: '#555' } }); export class RightButton extends Component { render() { return ( <TouchableOpacity style={styles.button} onPress={this.props.onPress}> { this.props.text ? <Text style={styles.btnText}>{this.props.text}</Text> : null } { this.props.icon ? <Image source={this.props.icon} style={styles.rightButton} /> : null } </TouchableOpacity> ); } } export class NavigatorBar extends Component { _leftButton() { if (this.props.navigator.getCurrentRoutes().length > 1) return ( <TouchableOpacity style={styles.button} onPress={()=> this.props.navigator.pop() }> <Image source={require('../assets/icon-nav-left.png')} style={styles.leftButton} /> </TouchableOpacity> ) } _rightButton() { if (this.props.rightButton) return ( <RightButton {...this.props.rightButton} /> ) } render() { return ( <View style={styles.nav}> <View style={[styles.button, Platform.OS=='ios' ? styles.marginForIOS : null]}> {this._leftButton()} </View> <View style={[styles.title, Platform.OS=='ios' ? styles.marginForIOS : null]}> <Text style={styles.titleText}>{ this.props.name }</Text> </View> <View style={[styles.button, Platform.OS=='ios' ? styles.marginForIOS : null]}> {this._rightButton()} </View> </View> ); } }
然后在container里就可以使用了:
import { NavigatorBar } from '../components/navigator' // 没有右侧按钮 <NavigatorBar name="登录" navigator={this.props.navigator} /> // 右侧按钮为图标 <NavigatorBar name="我的" navigator={this.props.navigator} rightButton={{onPress: ()=>{this.props.navigator.push({component: Setting})}, icon: require('../../assets/icon-set.png')}} /> // 右侧按钮为文字 <NavigatorBar name="我的订单" navigator={this.props.navigator} rightButton={{text: '历史 ', onPress: ()=> this.props.navigator.push({component: OrderHitory}) }} />
图片轮播
建议使用三方的react-native-viewpager组件,安装请查看 官方文档
下面是一个demo:
var ViewPager = require('react-native-viewpager'); <ViewPager dataSource={this.state.dataSource} renderPage={this._renderPage} animation = {(animatedValue, toValue, gestureState) => { // Use the horizontal velocity of the swipe gesture // to affect the length of the transition so the faster you swipe // the faster the pages will transition var velocity = Math.abs(gestureState.vx); var baseDuration = 300; var duration = (velocity > 1) ? 1/velocity * baseDuration : baseDuration; return Animated.timing(animatedValue, { toValue: toValue, duration: duration, easing: Easing.out(Easing.exp) }); }} />
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