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linux字符驱动之同步互斥按键驱动

2016-04-07 16:54 411 查看
上一节里,我们将在上一节的基础上修改驱动,将其修改为有异步通知功能的按键驱动,目标是,按下按键时,驱动主动去通知应用程序。是不是感觉驱动已经比较完善了,好像已经是完美无缺了?是不是这样呢?好像不是呢,有没有这么一种情况,多个进程想同时使用驱动的设备节点?在多线的环境下,分分钟可能会发生这种情况。

在这一节里,我们在上一节的基础上,实现同一时刻只能有一个进程使用同一个设备,例如:只能有一个进程,在同一时刻里使用/dev/buttons这个设备。

问:如何实现同一时刻只能有一个进程使用某个设备?

答:使用linux互斥机制

问:linux互斥机制有哪些?

答:有很多种,如:原子变量、互斥锁、信号量、自旋锁、读写锁等等

问:在这一节里,我们使用什么互斥机制?

答:原子变量/信号量,举二个例子来示范linux的互斥机制

问:如何使用原子变量的互斥机制?

答:先定义一个原子变量,然后再初始化它。具体如下:

问:与原子变量相关的函数有哪些?

答:原子操作指的是在执行过程中不会被别的代码路径所中断的操作,常用原子操作函数举例:

问:原子变量相关的函数在此驱动里,在哪来会被调用?
答:既然是防止多个进程打开同一个设备,那自然是在open函数就调用,在close函数也会被调用,示例如下:

驱动程序代码:

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>

static struct class *sixthdrv_class;
static struct class_device	*sixthdrv_class_dev;

//volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
//volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1,sixth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

static struct fasync_struct *button_async;

struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};

/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

/*
* K1,K2,K3,K4对应GPG0,GPG3,GPG5,GPG6
*/

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S3C2410_GPG0, 0x01},
{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x02},
{S3C2410_GPG5, 0x03},
{S3C2410_GPG6, 0x04},
};

//static atomic_t canopen = ATOMIC_INIT(1);     //定义原子变量并初始化为1

static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock);     //定义互斥锁

/*
* 确定按键值
*/
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
unsigned int pinval;

pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

if (pinval)
{
/* 松开 */
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
/* 按下 */
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}

ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */

kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);

return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int sixth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
#if 0
if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen))
{
atomic_inc(&canopen);
return -EBUSY;
}
#endif

if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
{
if (down_trylock(&button_lock))
return -EBUSY;
}
else
{
/* 获取信号量 */
down(&button_lock);
}

/* GPG0,GPG3,GPG5,GPG6为中断引脚: EINT8,EINT11,EINT13,EINT14 */
request_irq(IRQ_EINT8,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K1", &pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K2", &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT13, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K3", &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT14, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K4", &pins_desc[3]);

return 0;
}

ssize_t sixth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
if (size != 1)
return -EINVAL;

if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
{
if (!ev_press)
return -EAGAIN;
}
else
{
/* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
}

/* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
ev_press = 0;

return 1;
}

int sixth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//atomic_inc(&canopen);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT8,  &pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT13, &pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT14, &pins_desc[3]);
up(&button_lock);
return 0;
}

static unsigned sixth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

if (ev_press)
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

return mask;
}

static int sixth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
printk("driver: sixth_drv_fasync\n");
return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}

static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
.owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
.open    =  sixth_drv_open,
.read	 =	sixth_drv_read,
.release =  sixth_drv_close,
.poll    =  sixth_drv_poll,
.fasync	 =  sixth_drv_fasync,
};

int major;
static int sixth_drv_init(void)
{
major = register_chrdev(0, "sixth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

sixthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sixth_drv");

sixthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(sixthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

//	gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
//	gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;

return 0;
}

static void sixth_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, "sixth_drv");
class_device_unregister(sixthdrv_class_dev);
class_destroy(sixthdrv_class);
//	iounmap(gpfcon);
return 0;
}

module_init(sixth_drv_init);

module_exit(sixth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");


应用测试程序:

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

/* sixthdrvtest
*/
int fd;

void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
unsigned char key_val;
read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
unsigned char key_val;
int ret;
int Oflags;

//signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);

fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("can't open!\n");
return -1;
}

//fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());

//Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);

//fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);

while (1)
{
ret = read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val: 0x%x, ret = %d\n", key_val, ret);
sleep(5);
}

return 0;
}


信号量互斥方式测试步骤:

[WJ2440]# ls
Qt             fifth_drv.ko   lib            sddisk         third_test
TQLedtest      fifth_test     linuxrc        second_drv.ko  tmp
app_test       first_drv.ko   mnt            second_test    udisk
bin            first_test     opt            sixth_drv.ko   usr
dev            fourth_drv.ko  proc           sixth_test     var
driver_test    fourth_test    root           sys            web
etc            home           sbin           third_drv.ko
[WJ2440]# insmod sixth_drv.ko
[WJ2440]# lsmod
sixth_drv 3472 0 - Live 0xbf000000
[WJ2440]# ls /dev/buttons -l
crw-rw----    1 root     root      252,   0 Jan  2 04:47 /dev/buttons
[WJ2440]# ./sixth_test &
[WJ2440]# ./sixth_test &
[WJ2440]# ps
PID USER       VSZ STAT COMMAND
1 root      2088 S    init
2 root         0 SW<  [kthreadd]
3 root         0 SW<  [ksoftirqd/0]
4 root         0 SW<  [events/0]
5 root         0 SW<  [khelper]
11 root         0 SW<  [async/mgr]
237 root         0 SW<  [kblockd/0]
247 root         0 SW<  [khubd]
254 root         0 SW<  [kmmcd]
278 root         0 SW   [pdflush]
279 root         0 SW   [pdflush]
280 root         0 SW<  [kswapd0]
325 root         0 SW<  [aio/0]
329 root         0 SW<  [nfsiod]
333 root         0 SW<  [crypto/0]
443 root         0 SW<  [mtdblockd]
557 root         0 SW<  [usbhid_resumer]
573 root         0 SW<  [rpciod/0]
587 root      1508 S    EmbedSky_wdg
589 root      2092 S    -/bin/sh
590 root      2088 S    /usr/sbin/telnetd -l /bin/login
602 root      1428 S    ./sixth_test
603 root      1428 D    ./sixth_test
604 root      2092 R    ps


由上面的测试结果可知:当多次执行./sixth_test &时,可发现进程602的状态为S即睡眠状态,而进程603的状态为D即僵死状态

,只有当我们杀死602进程时,603的状态才能变为S正常状态,这也就达到了互斥的目的。
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