Oracle 数据泵导数据(expdp,impdp)

目录：
一、冷备份导数注意事项
二、数据泵导数注意事项

一、冷备份导数注意事项
1、冷备恢复步骤：
a、关闭源库
b、从源库传输数据文件、控制文件、pfile、日志文件到目标库，并赋予oracle用户权限
c、从目标库打开传送过来的pfile，修改实例名、控制文件路径、dump（adump、bdump...）类文件夹路径
d、启动数据库到mount，rename数据文件和日志文件路径
e、启动数据库到open状态
f、配置监听，工作完成
2、冷备恢复常见命令备忘：
--目标端有数据库的情况下，需要删除目标端数据库的步骤
ps -ef | grep LOCAL=NO --查看有无客户端连接到数据库
lsnrctl stop 监听名 --停止监听
ps -ef | grep LOCAL=NO | awk '{print ($2)}' | xargs kill -9 --kill客户端连接
shutdown immediate --关闭数据库
startup exclusive restrict mount; --启动数据库到专有限制模式
drop database; --删除数据库

--rname数据文件、日志文件的命令
alter database rename file 'xxx.dbf' to 'xxx.dbf';
alter database rename file 'xxx.dbf' to 'xxx.dbf';

二、数据泵导数注意事项
--使用parfile方式写导入导出语句，因为有的时候只要导出或者只要导入，用pfile写方便其他同事查看你的导数参数。
--导入全库数据而不导入表结构时，要在目标库建立和源库对应的表空间，并分配好大小。
1、导出、导入数据
导出：
vi expdp_full_日期.par
userid='/ as sysdba'
directory=导数目录
##该路径可以通过查询dba_directoires表得到；
##建立路径的语法为：create directory 目录名 as '目录路径';
##对目录路径要授予相应的权限：chown -R oracle:dba /目录路径
dumpfile=expdp_full_日期.dmp
logfile=expdp_full_日期.log
parallel=2 --分配两条通道
##通道分配数量的大小要参考逻辑CPU的数量来确定，用nmon命令查看逻辑CPU个数，parallel不能超过逻辑CPU的一半，常见的设置有2、4、8、16。有时候parallel会与filesize这个参数冲突，如果发现语句书写无误，但是有不明原因报错，可以尝试去掉filesize参数再测试下。
filesize=5G --每个dump文件大小

--导出全库结构
加参数：full=y
content=metadata_only

--导出全库数据不导结构
加参数：full=y
content=data_only

--导出schemas
加参数：schemas=xxx

--导出表
加参数：tables=xxx,xxx,xxx

导入：
vi impdp_full_日期.par
userid='/ as sysdba'
directory=导数目录
dumpfile=expdp_full_日期.dmp
logfile=expdp_full_日期.log
parallel=2 --导出的pfile是多少parallel，导入就是多少parallel

--导入全库结构
加参数：content=metadata_only

--导出全库数据不导结构
加参数：content=data_only

2、注意事项
（以FCR为例，FCR库相对来说比较有针对性）
1、impdp异常终止时的处理步骤：
第一步：查看数据库中的导数任务（sqlplus下运行）
set line 200
col owner_name for a20
col operation for a30
col state for a30
select owner_name,job_name,operation,state,degree from dba_datapump_jobs;
第二步：查看impdp导入详情（操作系统命令模式下运行）
impdp \'/ as sysdba\' ATTACH='SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01'
第三步：停止JOB
impdp \'/ as sysdba\' ATTACH='SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01'
impdp> stop_job
第四步：杀掉JOB
impdp \'/as sysdba\' ATTACH='SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01'
impdp> kill_job

2、当不导入结构只导入数据时，需要禁用涉及对象的约束和触发器，语句如下：
--先关闭触发器再关闭约束，防止触发器插入约束外的数据。
--关闭trigger
cat >start_dis_tirger.sql
spool /home/oracle/dis_tirger.sql
select 'alter trigger ' || owner || '.' || trigger_name||' ENABLE;'from dba_triggers
where status='DISABLED' and owner in ('FCRBRNDATA','FCRHSTDATA');
spool off;

--关闭约束
cat >start_dis_const.sql
spool /home/oracle/dis_const.sql
SELECT 'ALTER TABLE '||T.owner||'.'||T.table_name||' enable constraint '||t.constraint_name||';'
from dba_constraints s, dba_constraints t
where s.owner = t.r_owner and s.constraint_name = t.r_constraint_name and t.owner in ('FCRBRNDATA','FCRHSTDATA')
and t.status='DISABLED';
spool off;

--导数工作完成后替换上述语句的关键字，先开约束再开触发器，防止触发器插入约束外的数据。

3、导某些表的时候可能存在资源占用，查询语句如下：
set pages 130;
set lines 1300;
col object_name for a20;
col machine for a20;
col program for a20;
col killid for a30;
col os_pid format a20;
select object_name ,machine ,s.program ,s.sid||','||s.serial# as killid,
p.spid as os_pid ,s.sql_address,l.locked_mode,s.username,s.process,s.sql_id
from v$locked_object l,dba_objects o ,v$session s ,v$process p
where l.object_id=o.object_id and l.session_id=s.sid and s.paddr=p.addr
and object_name=upper('&tablename') and o.owner=upper('&owner') order by 1;

4、导入全库数据而不导入结构时，会有很多无效对象，无效对象编译过程如下：

附录二：快速删除索引语句
附录三：无效对象编译相关脚本
附录四：禁用约束和触发器的处理
附录五：从全库结构dmp文件中取建索引语句

附录一：导数情况查询

--获取对象定义
set lin 200 pagesize 500
set long 99999
set longc 99999
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl(upper('&object_type'),upper('&object_name'),upper('&username')) from dual;

附录二：快速删除索引语句
--删除全局索引
select distinct 'drop index '||i.OWNER||'.'||i.INDEX_NAME||';' from dba_indexes i
where i.TABLE_OWNER='FCRHSTDATA' and i.TABLE_NAME in (
'CH_ACCT_LEDG',
'REC_TXN_LOG',
'TD_DEP_PRORATED_TAX_DTLS',
'TD_DEP_PRORATED_TAX_DTLS',
'XFACE_AUDIT_TRAIL_LOG',
'XF_OL_ST_TXNLOG_MMDD'
);

--删除分区索引
select distinct 'drop index '||p.INDEX_OWNER||'.'||p.INDEX_NAME||';' from dba_ind_partitions p,dba_indexes i
WHERE p.INDEX_OWNER=i.OWNER and i.INDEX_NAME=p.INDEX_NAME and i.TABLE_OWNER='FCRHSTDATA' and
i.STATUS='N/A' and i.TABLE_NAME in (
'XF_STCAP_GL_TXNS_MMDD','XF_ST_CAP_INPUT_TXN_TEMP','CH_ACCT_INT_BREAKUP','XFACE_AUDIT_TRAIL_LOG',
'ET_ALERTS_LOG_1','XF_OL_ST_SCLOG_MMDD','CH_ARREARS_TABLE','ET_ALERT_PUBLISH','TD_NOBOOK',
'CI_CUSTMAST','CH_ACCT_INT_BREAKUP_DELETED ','TD_AUDIT_TRAIL','XFACE_FCR_LOGGER',
'CH_ACCT_MAST','BA_CHANGE_RECORD_LOG','REC_TXN_LOG_PURGE','CH_ACCT_BALANCE_DTLS_MMDD','XF_OL_ST_TXNLOG_STL_MMDD ',
'CH_TMP_RCH405','CH_ACCT_CAPITALIZATION_HISTORY','XF_STCAP_GL_TXNS'
);

附录三：无效对象编译相关脚本

1、系统用户无效对象编译： @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

2、一般用户无效对象编译

--源库无效对象采集脚本start_privs.sql，生成授权脚本privs.sql
cat >start_privs.sql

#####
--start$$
spool /home/oracle/privs.sql
--create role$$
select 'create role '|| role||';' from dba_roles;
select 'grant '||PRIVILEGE||' on '||OWNER||'.'||TABLE_NAME||' to '||ROLE||';' from role_tab_privs
union all
select 'grant '||PRIVILEGE|| ' to '||ROLE||';' from role_sys_privs
union all
select 'grant '||GRANTED_ROLE|| ' to '||ROLE||';' from role_role_privs;
--grant privs$$
select 'grant '||PRIVILEGE||' to '||GRANTEE||';'
from dba_sys_privs
where GRANTEE in(select username from dba_users where username not in('APPQOSSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','EXFSYS','WMSYS','SYSTEM','SYS','SDBXTS','OUTLN','ORACLE_OCM'))
union all
select 'grant '||GRANTED_ROLE||' to '||GRANTEE||';'
from DBA_ROLE_PRIVS
where GRANTEE in(select username from dba_users where username not in('APPQOSSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','EXFSYS','WMSYS','SYSTEM','SYS','SDBXTS','OUTLN','ORACLE_OCM'))
union all
select 'grant '||PRIVILEGE||' on '||OWNER||'.'||TABLE_NAME||' to '||GRANTEE||';'
from dba_tab_privs
where GRANTEE in(select username from dba_users where username not in('APPQOSSYS','DBSNMP','DIP','EXFSYS','WMSYS','SYSTEM','SYS','SDBXTS','OUTLN','ORACLE_OCM'))
;
--compile objects$$
select 'alter VIEW '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='VIEW' and status='INVALID' and owner <> 'IMPUSER'
union all
select 'alter PROCEDURE '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='PROCEDURE' and status='INVALID' and owner <> 'IMPUSER'
union all
select 'alter FUNCTION '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='FUNCTION' and status='INVALID' and owner <> 'IMPUSER'
union all
select 'alter TRIGGER '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='TRIGGER' and status='INVALID' and owner <> 'IMPUSER'
union all
select 'alter PACKAGE '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile BODY;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='PACKAGE BODY' and status='INVALID' and owner <> 'IMPUSER'
union all
select 'alter PACKAGE '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='PACKAGE' and status='INVALID' and owner <> 'IMPUSER'
union all
SELECT 'CREATE OR REPLACE PUBLIC SYNONYM '||A.OBJECT_NAME||' FOR '||B.TABLE_OWNER||'.'||B.TABLE_NAME||';'
FROM DBA_OBJECTS A,DBA_SYNONYMS B
WHERE B.SYNONYM_NAME=A.OBJECT_NAME AND B.OWNER='PUBLIC' AND A.OBJECT_TYPE='SYNONYM' AND A.STATUS='INVALID' and owner <> 'IMPUSER'
union all
SELECT 'CREATE OR REPLACE SYNONYM '||A.OWNER||'.'||A.OBJECT_NAME||' FOR '||B.TABLE_OWNER||'.'||B.TABLE_NAME||';'
FROM DBA_OBJECTS A,DBA_SYNONYMS B
WHERE B.SYNONYM_NAME=A.OBJECT_NAME AND A.OWNER=B.OWNER AND B.OWNER<>'PUBLIC' AND A.OBJECT_TYPE='SYNONYM' AND A.STATUS='INVALID' and A.owner <> 'IMPUSER'
;
--end$$
spool off;
####

--目标库运行无效对象编译采集脚本start_compile.sql，生成无效对象编译脚本compile.sql

cat >start_compile.sql
#####
set line 1000
set pages 20000
spool /home/oracle/compile.sql
--compile objects$$
select 'alter VIEW '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='VIEW' and status='INVALID' and owner<>'IMPUSER'
union all
select 'alter PROCEDURE '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='PROCEDURE' and status='INVALID' and owner<>'IMPUSER'
union all
select 'alter FUNCTION '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='FUNCTION' and status='INVALID' and owner<>'IMPUSER'
union all
select 'alter TRIGGER '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='TRIGGER' and status='INVALID' and owner<>'IMPUSER'
union all
select 'alter PACKAGE '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile BODY;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='PACKAGE BODY' and status='INVALID' and owner<>'IMPUSER'
union all
select 'alter PACKAGE '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='PACKAGE' and status='INVALID' and owner<>'IMPUSER'
union all
select 'alter type '||OWNER||'.'||OBJECT_NAME||' compile body;' from dba_objects where OBJECT_TYPE='TYPE BODY' and status='INVALID' and owner<>'IMPUSER'
union all
SELECT 'CREATE OR REPLACE PUBLIC SYNONYM '||A.OBJECT_NAME||' FOR '||B.TABLE_OWNER||'.'||B.TABLE_NAME||';'
FROM DBA_OBJECTS A,DBA_SYNONYMS B
WHERE B.SYNONYM_NAME=A.OBJECT_NAME AND B.OWNER='PUBLIC' AND A.OBJECT_TYPE='SYNONYM' AND A.STATUS='INVALID' and A.owner<>'IMPUSER'
union all
SELECT 'CREATE OR REPLACE SYNONYM '||A.OWNER||'.'||A.OBJECT_NAME||' FOR '||B.TABLE_OWNER||'.'||B.TABLE_NAME||';'
FROM DBA_OBJECTS A,DBA_SYNONYMS B
WHERE B.SYNONYM_NAME=A.OBJECT_NAME AND A.OWNER=B.OWNER AND B.OWNER<>'PUBLIC' AND A.OBJECT_TYPE='SYNONYM' AND A.STATUS='INVALID' and B.owner<>'IMPUSER';
--end$$
spool off;
#####

附录四：禁用约束和触发器的处理

1、在导入数据库时关闭触发器和约束

2、在导出数据库时开启约束和触发器

--开启约束
cat >start_en_const.sql
set line 1800
spool /home/oracle/en_const.sql
SELECT 'ALTER TABLE '||T.owner||'.'||T.table_name||' enable constraint '||t.constraint_name||';'
from dba_constraints s, dba_constraints t
where s.owner = t.r_owner and s.constraint_name = t.r_constraint_name AND t.status='DISABLED' and t.VALIDATED='VALIDATED'
union all
SELECT 'ALTER TABLE '||T.owner||'.'||T.table_name||' enable novalidate constraint '||t.constraint_name||';'
from dba_constraints s, dba_constraints t
where s.owner = t.r_owner and s.constraint_name = t.r_constraint_name AND t.status='DISABLED' and t.VALIDATED='NOT VALIDATED';
spool off;

--开启trigger
cat >start_en_tirger.sql
set line 1800
spool /home/oracle/en_tirger.sql
select 'alter trigger ' || owner || '.' || trigger_name||' ENABLE;'from dba_triggers
where status='DISABLED';
spool off;

附录五：从全库结构dmp文件中取建索引语句
下面语句是取指定表的索引语句，取全库同样也可以使用，生成语句后，可以在生成的脚本内修改并发数，使索引创建更快。
USERID='/ AS SYSDBA'
DIRECTORY=EXPDP_FULLDATA
DUMPFILE=FULLDATABASE_0604.dmp
logfile=index_import_full.log
tables=(
FCRHSTDATA.ACTB_HISTORY,
)
include=index
sqlfile=index.sql

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