Oracle 自动诊断信息库(Automatic Diagnostic Repository,ADR)

ORACLE 11G中的ADR介绍：

ADRCI 之oracle 日志查看
在Oracle的11g版本中，alert文件的位置发生了变化，与此同时Oracle提供了一个命令行工具ADRCI，它可以很便利的查看数据库中出现的异常。 以下给大家展示一下使用ADRCI (ADR Command Interface) 在11g中查看Oracle的警告日志的方法。

1.进入到adrci命令行模式
ora11g@RHEL53 /home/oracle$ which adrci
/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/1101/db/bin/adrci
ora11g@RHEL53 /home/oracle$ adrci -help
Syntax:
adrci [-help] [script=script_filename]
[exec = "one_command [;one_command;...]"]

Options Description (Default)
------------------------------------------------------
script script. file name (None)
help help on the command options (None)
exec exec a set of commands (None)
------------------------------------------------------

ora11g@RHEL53 /home/oracle$ adrci

ADRCI: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Beta on Fri Feb 27 15:23:52 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ADR base = "/oracle/u01/app/oracle"
adrci>

2.使用 help show alert 命令查看帮助文档
adrci> help

HELP [topic]
Available Topics:
CREATE REPORT
ECHO
EXIT
HELP
HOST
IPS
PURGE
RUN
SET BASE
SET BROWSER
SET CONTROL
SET ECHO
SET EDITOR
SET HOMES | HOME | HOMEPATH
SET TERMOUT
SHOW ALERT
SHOW BASE
SHOW CONTROL
SHOW HM_RUN
SHOW HOMES | HOME | HOMEPATH
SHOW INCDIR
SHOW INCIDENT
SHOW PROBLEM
SHOW REPORT
SHOW TRACEFILE
SPOOL

There are other commands intended to be used directly by Oracle, type
"HELP EXTENDED" to see the list

adrci> help show alert

Usage: SHOW ALERT [-p <predicate_string>] [-term]
[ [-tail [num] [-f]] | [-file <alert_file_name>] ]
Purpose: Show alert messages.

Options:
[-p <predicate_string>]: The predicate string must be double quoted.
The fields in the predicate are the fields:
ORIGINATING_TIMESTAMP timestamp
NORMALIZED_TIMESTAMP timestamp
ORGANIZATION_ID text(65)
COMPONENT_ID text(65)
HOST_ID text(65)
HOST_ADDRESS text(17)
MESSAGE_TYPE number
MESSAGE_LEVEL number
MESSAGE_ID text(65)
MESSAGE_GROUP text(65)
CLIENT_ID text(65)
MODULE_ID text(65)
PROCESS_ID text(33)
THREAD_ID text(65)
USER_ID text(65)
INSTANCE_ID text(65)
DETAILED_LOCATION text(161)
UPSTREAM_COMP_ID text(101)
DOWNSTREAM_COMP_ID text(101)
EXECUTION_CONTEXT_ID text(101)
EXECUTION_CONTEXT_SEQUENCE number
ERROR_INSTANCE_ID number
ERROR_INSTANCE_SEQUENCE number
MESSAGE_TEXT text(2049)
MESSAGE_ARGUMENTS text(129)
SUPPLEMENTAL_ATTRIBUTES text(129)
SUPPLEMENTAL_DETAILS text(129)
PROBLEM_KEY text(65)

[-tail [num] [-f]]: Output last part of the alert messages and
output latest messages as the alert log grows. If num is not specified,
the last 10 messages are displayed. If "-f" is specified, new data
will append at the end as new alert messages are generated.

[-term]: Direct results to terminal. If this option is not specified,
the results will be open in an editor.
By default, it will open in emacs, but "set editor" can be used
to set other editors.

[-file <alert_file_name>]: Allow users to specify an alert file which
may not be in ADR. <alert_file_name> must be specified with full path.
Note that this option cannot be used with the -tail option

Examples:
show alert
show alert -p "message_text like '%incident%'"
show alert -tail 20

adrci>

3.使用 show alert 列出各个目录下的日志目录，输入编号4，系统会自动调用vi编辑器查看数据库的alert日志
adrci> show alert

Choose the alert log from the following homes to view:

1: diag/tnslsnr/RHEL53/listener
2: diag/clients/user_unknown/host_411310321_11
3: diag/clients/user_oracle/host_2175824367_11
4: diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g
Q: to quit

Please select option:4

4.另外一种查看方式是，指定具体的 homepath 然后使用“show alert -tail 15”查看对应日志文件的后15行
adrci> show homepath
ADR Homes:
diag/tnslsnr/RHEL53/listener
diag/clients/user_unknown/host_411310321_11
diag/clients/user_oracle/host_2175824367_11
diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g
adrci> set homepath diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g
adrci> show alert -tail 15
2009-02-27 14:25:05.036000 +08:00
Starting background process SMCO
SMCO started with pid=21, OS id=3855
Starting background process FBDA
FBDA started with pid=22, OS id=3857
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
2009-02-27 14:25:07.246000 +08:00
Starting background process QMNC
QMNC started with pid=23, OS id=3859
2009-02-27 14:25:17.325000 +08:00
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 4096 MB is 0.00% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
2009-02-27 14:25:33.727000 +08:00
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN
2009-02-27 14:29:59.158000 +08:00
Starting background process CJQ0
CJQ0 started with pid=25, OS id=3892
adrci>

ADR的结构和位置：
初始化参数diagnostic_dest指定了ADR的根目录。即使你忽略了该初始化参数。oracle也会创建ADR。
如果你设置了ORACLE_BASE环境变量，那么diagnostic_dest缺省值是该目录。如果你没有设置ORACLE_BASE变量，该参数值为$ORACLE_HOME/log目录。
ADR存储所有oracle产品的诊断数据。ADR为每一个oracle产品及其实例分配一个单独的home目录。因此一个ADR目录包含多个home目录。
每一个ADR的home目录是一个为每一个数据库实例或其它oracle产品或组件存储其诊断文件。其目录结构如下：
ADR_base/diag/product_type/product_id/instance_id/
比如一个 diagnostic_dest初始化参数为 /u05/app/oracle。那么一个oracle数据库的sid为prod1的home目录就如下所示：
/u05/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod1/prod1/
在一个ADR的home目录下有很多子目录：

alert：一个实例的告警日志文件（xml格式）。
cdump：core文件。
hm：健康检查报告。
incident：每一个事件一个子目录，其中包含所有trace dump文件。
incpkg：你创建的事件包，用于发给oracle支持所用。
ir：包含实例事件报告。
trace：存储回话trace文件。
可以通过视图v$diag_info来查询目录及其位置：
SQL> select name, value from v$diag_info;
NAME VALUE
------------------- ---------------------------
Diag Enabled TRUE
ADR Base /u01/app/oracle
ADR Home /01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/prod1
Diag Trace /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/prod1/trace
Diag Alert /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ prod/prod1/alert
Diag Incident /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/prod1/incident
Diag Cdump /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ prod/prod1/cdump
Health Monitor /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ prod/prod1/hm
Default Trace File /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ prod/prod1/
trace/eleven_ora_9417.trc
Active Problem Count 3
Active Incident Count 8

正如你所见，视图v$diag_info中包括问题和事件数量。

比如使用如下命令查看所有ORA-错误：
adrci> set homepath diag/rdbms/rac/rac
adrci> set editor vi
adrci> show alert -p "message_text like '%ORA-%'"
ADR Home = /home/oracle/diag/rdbms/rac/rac:
*************************************************************************
Output the results to file: /tmp/alert_10191_1638_rac_1.ado

2012-03-29 20:56:12.266000 +08:00
ORA-1109 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL...
2012-03-29 20:56:27.810000 +08:00
Errors in file /home/oracle/diag/rdbms/rac/rac/trace/rac_ora_10453.trc:
ORA-00313: ??????? 1 (???? 1) ???
ORA-00312: ???? 1 ?? 1: '/home/oracle/oradata/rac/redo01.log'

像vi编辑器一样退出后，可以在文件/tmp/alert_10191_1638_rac_1.ado中找到屏幕输出结果。便于分析，
可见这个特性和unix中的grep |ORA- 命令是大不相同，因为后者只能输出错误行，但是错误行发生的时间却不能显示，而 show alert则同时显示错误和发生时间。

5.小结
使用ADRCI命令可以很好的对各个目录中的日志文件进行集中查看，可以有效的提高工作效率。

本文出自 “Sysdba” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://sysdba.blog.51cto.com/10492366/1703294