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iOS开发系列课程(09) --- 滚动视图

2015-10-07 17:31 477 查看

UIScrollView入门

  移动设备的屏幕⼤小是极其有限的,因此直接展⽰在⽤户眼前的内容也相当有限,当展⽰的内容较多超出一个屏幕时,用户可通过滚动操作来查看屏幕以外的内容,普通的UIView不具备滚动功能,不能显⽰过多的内容。UIScrollView是一个能够滚动的视图控件,可以⽤用来展⽰大量的内容,并且可以通过滚动查看所有的内容。

  UIScollView的常用属性和方法:

- contentOffset属性:UIScrollView滚动的位置

- contentSize属性:UIScrollView内容的尺⼨寸(相当于滚动的范围)

- bounces属性:设置UIScrollView是否需要弹簧效果

- alwaysBounceVertical属性:设置垂直方向是否有弹簧效果(必须在bounces设置为YES的前提下设置才有效)

- alwaysBounceHorizontal属性:设置水平方向是否有弹簧效果(必须在bounces设置为YES的前提下设置才有效)

- pagingEnabled属性:设置UIScrollView的滚动方式是否为翻页效果

- scrollEnabled属性:设置UIScrollView是否能滚动

- showsHorizontalScrollIndicator属性:是否显示水平方向的滑动条

- showsVerticalScrollIndicator属性:是否显示垂直方向的滑动条

- scrollIndicatorInsets属性:设置滚动条的位置,可以通过UIEdgeInsetsMake函数来指定该位置

- indicatorStyle属性:设置滚动条的风格,有三个可选项:UIScrollViewIndicatorStyleDefault(灰)、UIScrollViewIndicatorStyleBlack(黑)、UIScrollViewIndicatorStyleWhite(白)

- decelerationRate属性:减速的速率

- scrollsToTop属性:设置点击状态栏是否滑动到scrollView的顶部

- -setContentOffset:animated:方法:设置scrollView的位置

- -scrollRectToVisible:animated:方法:将指定的区域滚动到可视范围之内,如果该地区已经在可视区域,则什么都不做。

  下面的例子演示了如何显示一张比屏幕尺寸大的图片,同时演示了如何定制滚动条以及如何通过Tap手势将点击的位置移到靠近屏幕中心的位置,还演示了利用UIScrollView来实现缩放功能。

[code]#import "ViewController.h"

@interface ViewController () <UIScrollViewDelegate> {
    UIScrollView *myScrollView;
}

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"1092.jpg"];
    CGSize imageSize = image.size;

    UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, imageSize.width, imageSize.height)];
    imageView.image = image;

    // 创建一个滚动视图对象
    myScrollView = [[UIScrollView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, self.view.bounds.size.width, self.view.bounds.size.height)];

    // 设置不允许拖拽滚动(通过Tap手势移动)
    myScrollView.scrollEnabled = NO;
    // 设置滚动视图中内容的尺寸
    myScrollView.contentSize = image.size;
    // 设置关闭滚动视图的弹簧效果
    myScrollView.bounces = NO;
    // 定制滚动条的样式
    myScrollView.indicatorStyle = UIScrollViewIndicatorStyleWhite;
    // 定制滚动条的位置
    myScrollView.scrollIndicatorInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 80, 40);
    // 设置滚动条减速的速率(值越大减速越缓慢)
    myScrollView.decelerationRate = 0.5;
    // 隐藏掉水平和垂直滚动条
    myScrollView.showsHorizontalScrollIndicator = NO;
    myScrollView.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = NO;
    // 不允许点状态栏回到视图顶部
    myScrollView.scrollsToTop = NO;
    // 绑定委托
    myScrollView.delegate = self;
    // 设置缩放比例
    myScrollView.minimumZoomScale = 0.5;
    myScrollView.maximumZoomScale = 2;

    // 将UIImageView放到滚动视图上
    [myScrollView addSubview:imageView];
    [self.view addSubview:myScrollView];

    CGSize screenSize = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size;
    // 用一个视图作为自定义滚动条
    UIView *myScrollBar = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(screenSize.width - 30, 0, 30, 40)];
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(5, 15 + 5 * i, 20, 2)];
        label.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
        [myScrollBar addSubview:label];
    }
    myScrollBar.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:0.7];
    [self.view addSubview:myScrollBar];

    // 给自定义的滚动条添加一个拖拽手势
    UIPanGestureRecognizer *pan = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(doScroll:)];
    [myScrollBar addGestureRecognizer:pan];

    // 添加一个Tap手势将连续两次点击屏幕的位置置于靠近屏幕中心的地方
    UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(gotoThePoint:)];
    tap.numberOfTapsRequired = 2;
    imageView.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
    [imageView addGestureRecognizer:tap];
}

// 拖拽手势的回调方法
- (void) doScroll:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *) sender {
    CGPoint point = [sender translationInView:self.view];
    CGPoint center = sender.view.center;
    sender.view.center = CGPointMake(center.x, center.y + point.y);
    CGPoint offsetPoint = myScrollView.contentOffset;
    // 按照目前的设置地图的移动比例约为自定义滚动条移动比例的7.5倍
    offsetPoint.y += point.y * 7.5;
    // 判断滚动视图的offsetContent有否超出边界
    if (offsetPoint.y < 0) {
        offsetPoint.y = 0;
    }
    else if (offsetPoint.y > myScrollView.contentSize.height - self.view.bounds.size.height) {
        offsetPoint.y = myScrollView.contentSize.height - self.view.bounds.size.height;
    }
    myScrollView.contentOffset = offsetPoint;
    // 防止效果叠加(旋转、伸缩和拖拽的手势都需要还原来防止效果叠加)
    [sender setTranslation:CGPointMake(0, 0) inView:self.view];
}

- (void) gotoThePoint:(UITapGestureRecognizer *) sender {
    CGSize screenSize = self.view.bounds.size;
    CGPoint touchPoint = [sender locationInView:self.view];
    // 计算出点击的位置和屏幕中心点的差值
    CGFloat dx = touchPoint.x - screenSize.width / 2;
    CGFloat dy = touchPoint.y - screenSize.height / 2;
    // 让滚动视图的偏移点的坐标加上坐标偏移量的值
    CGPoint offsetPoint = myScrollView.contentOffset;
    offsetPoint.x += dx;
    offsetPoint.y += dy;
    // 保证水平方向不会超出地图的边界
    if (offsetPoint.x < 0) {
        offsetPoint.x = 0;
    }
    else if (offsetPoint.x > myScrollView.contentSize.width - screenSize.width) {
        offsetPoint.x = myScrollView.contentSize.width - screenSize.width;
    }
    // 保证垂直方向不会超出地图的边界
    if (offsetPoint.y < 0) {
        offsetPoint.y = 0;
    }
    else if (offsetPoint.y > myScrollView.contentSize.height - screenSize.height) {
        offsetPoint.y = myScrollView.contentSize.height - screenSize.height;
    }

    [myScrollView setContentOffset:offsetPoint animated:YES];
}

#pragma mark 滚动视图的回调方法

// 通过滚动视图缩放其子视图的回调方法
- (UIView *)viewForZoomingInScrollView:(UIScrollView *)_scrollView {
    return myScrollView.subviews[0];
}


  程序运行效果如下图所示:



UIScrollViewDelegate

  UIScrollViewDelegate协议定义了滚动视图对应的事件的回调方法,下面的代码展示了其中的一部分方法。

[code]- (void)scrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
    NSLog(@"滚动") ;
}

- (void)scrollViewWillBeginDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
    NSLog(@"将要开始拖拽") ;
}

- (void)scrollViewWillEndDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView withVelocity:(CGPoint)velocity targetContentOffset:(inout CGPoint *)targetContentOffset {
    NSLog(@"将要停止拖拽") ;
}

- (void)scrollViewDidEndDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView willDecelerate:(BOOL)decelerate {
    NSLog(@"已经停止拖拽") ;
}

-(void)scrollViewWillBeginDecelerating:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
    NSLog(@"将要开始减速") ;
}

- (void)scrollViewDidEndDecelerating:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
    NSLog(@"已经停止减速") ;
}

- (BOOL)scrollViewShouldScrollToTop:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
    NSLog(@"允许点击状态栏滚动到顶部");
    return YES ;
}

- (void)scrollViewDidScrollToTop:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
    NSLog(@"滚动到顶部") ;
}


UIPageControl的使用

  UIPageControl类提供指示当前显示的是多页面视图的第几页的一排小圆点。

  UIPageControl的常用属性:

- numberOfPages属性:设置页数

- currentPage属性:当前是页码

- hidesForSinglePage属性:如果设为YES,在只有一页的情况下隐藏表示页码的点

- defersCurrentPageDisplay属性:如果你希望直到有时间执行完你的操作之后,才更新当前指示器当前指示页,可以将该属性设为YES

- pageIndicatorTintColor属性:设表示页码的点的颜色

- currentPageIndicatorTintColor属性:设置当前页点的颜色

  UIPageControl的常用方法:

- -updateCurrentPageDisplay:方法:更新页码指示器到当前页

[code]#import "ViewController.h"

@interface ViewController () <UIScrollViewDelegate> {
    UIScrollView *scrollView;
    UIPageControl *pageControl;
}

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    CGSize screenSize = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size;

    scrollView = [[UIScrollView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 20, screenSize.width, screenSize.height)];
    scrollView.bounces = NO;
    scrollView.showsHorizontalScrollIndicator = NO;
    scrollView.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = NO;
    // 设置滚动视图启用翻页模式
    scrollView.pagingEnabled = YES;
    // 设置滚动视图内容的尺寸宽度是屏幕宽度的3倍
    scrollView.contentSize = CGSizeMake(3 * screenSize.width, screenSize.height - 20);
    // 给滚动视图设置委托
    scrollView.delegate = self;

    // 循环创建3个水平排列的UIImageView对象
    // 屏幕的可见范围之内只能看到UIImageView
    for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
        UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.jpg", i]];
        UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:image];
        // 每个UIImageView的横坐标是在前一个的基础上加上屏幕的宽度
        imageView.frame = CGRectMake((i - 1) * screenSize.width, 0, screenSize.width, screenSize.height - 20);
        [scrollView addSubview:imageView];
    }

    [self.view addSubview:scrollView];

    pageControl = [[UIPageControl alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, screenSize.height - 40, screenSize.width, 40)];
    pageControl.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:0.5];
    // 设置总共有多少页
    pageControl.numberOfPages = 3;
    // 设置选中页的指示器颜色
//    pageControl.currentPageIndicatorTintColor = [UIColor purpleColor];
    // 设置页码指示器的颜色
//    pageControl.pageIndicatorTintColor = [UIColor yellowColor];

    [self.view addSubview:pageControl];

}

// 滚动时回调此方法计算滚动到第几页
- (void)scrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)_scrollView {
    pageControl.currentPage = (NSInteger)(scrollView.contentOffset.x / [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width);
}

@end


  运行效果如下图所示:





UITextView

  UITextView相当于是高级版本的UILabel和UITextField的合体。

  UITextView的常用属性:

- editable属性:设置UITextView能否编辑,如果不编辑就当做UILabel显示,可以设置自动识别电话号码、地址、邮箱,该属性默认为YES

- dataDetectorTypes属性:设置UITextView是否支持识别电话号码、地址、邮箱等内容

- inputView:当UITextView成为第一响应者时显示的输入视图

- inputAccessoryView:当UITextView成为第一响应者时显示的输入辅助视图,在inputView的上方

  下面的例子演示了如何使用UITextView以及如何进行数据侦测和拼写检查。

[code]#import "ViewController.h"

@interface ViewController () <UITextViewDelegate> {
    UITextView *myTextView;
}

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    myTextView = [[UITextView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(50, 100, 275, 250)];
    myTextView.editable = YES;
    myTextView.dataDetectorTypes = UIDataDetectorTypeAll;
    myTextView.text = @"姓名: 骆昊\n电话: 13812345678\n主页: http://blog.csdn.net/jackfrued\n地址: 成都市西源大道1899号\nQQ: 12345678\n";
    myTextView.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18];
    myTextView.returnKeyType = UIReturnKeyDone;
    // myTextView.scrollEnabled = NO;

    myTextView.layer.borderWidth = 1;
    myTextView.layer.borderColor = [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
    myTextView.layer.cornerRadius = 5;

    myTextView.delegate = self;
    [myTextView becomeFirstResponder];
    // myTextView.selectedRange = NSMakeRange(10, 20);

    [self.view addSubview:myTextView];

    UIButton *addButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeSystem];
    addButton.frame = CGRectMake(150, 380, 75, 40);
    [addButton setTitle:@"添加" forState: UIControlStateNormal];
    [addButton addTarget:self action:@selector(addButtonClicked:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

    [self.view addSubview:addButton];

    UITextChecker *checker = [[UITextChecker alloc] init];
    NSRange range = NSMakeRange(0, myTextView.text.length);
    NSString *language = [[NSLocale currentLocale] objectForKey:NSLocaleLanguageCode];
    // NSLog(@"%@", language);
    NSRange errRange = [checker rangeOfMisspelledWordInString:myTextView.text range:range startingAt:0 wrap:NO language:language];
    if (errRange.location != NSNotFound) {
        myTextView.selectedRange = errRange;
    }
}

- (void)textViewDidEndEditing:(UITextView *)textView {
    [textView resignFirstResponder];
}

- (void) addButtonClicked:(UIButton *) sender {
    myTextView.text = [myTextView.text stringByAppendingString:@"Hello, world!\n"];
    [myTextView scrollRangeToVisible:NSMakeRange(myTextView.text.length, 1)];
}

@end


  UITextView退出键盘几种方式:

如果应用有导航条的,可以在导航条上面加多一个Done的按钮,用来退出键盘,当然要先实UITextViewDelegate

如果UITextView中不使用回车键,可以把回车键当做退出键盘的响应键

自定义其他加载键盘上面用来退出,比如在弹出的键盘上面加一个view来放置退出键盘的Done按钮

点击其他区域收起键盘
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