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基于Android 4.2.2的Account Manager源代码分析学习:设备上帐号类型列表的获取

2015-08-14 15:43 567 查看
获取系统中注册的帐号类型列表是一个典型的用例。比如,在系统设置界面中选择“添加帐户”,这是,系统显示一个所有支持的帐户类型的列表界面(ChooseAccountActivity)供用户点选。另外,在Contacts/Calendar等应用程序中,也会向系统请求创建帐户或者现实帐户列表。背后的操作是统一由Android Framework提供的。应用程序只要将设置好的intent发送出去即可。

在研究如何获取帐户类型列表之前,简要的描述一下,应用程序如何将一个帐号注册到系统中。这个注册过程包含一下的要素:

扩展AbstractAuthenticator类。实质上,这是IAuthenticator接口的一个实现。
创建一个Service,并且具备以下设定:

持有一个authenticator实例
onBind()方法返回authenticator对应的IBinder
包含authenticator的XML描述文件
Manifest中对应的Service声明中包含处理"android.accounts.AccountAuthenticator"的intent filter,以及指向authenticator描述文件的<meta-data>标记

那就从ChooseAccountActivity开始吧。

AuthenticatorDescription数组

类AuthenticatorDescription定义了对authenticator的一个描述,包括类型、标签、图标等等,可以对等于应用程序中创建的authenticator描述文件中声明的内容。事实上,后者就是用来初始化一个AuthenticatorDescription的。

ChooseAccountActivity类持有一个AuthenticatorDescription类型的数组成员mAuthDescs,并且负责将其填满,具体操作在updateAuthDescriptions()方法中进行:

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public class ChooseAccountActivity extends PreferenceActivity {

private AuthenticatorDescription[] mAuthDescs;

...



@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {

...

updateAuthDescriptions();

}



}


updateAuthDescriptions()

这个方法中,请求AccountManager来获取系统中注册的全部帐户:

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mAuthDescs = AccountManager.get(this).getAuthenticatorTypes();

而AccountManager则继续将这个任务交给系统服务AccountManagerService:

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public AuthenticatorDescription[] getAuthenticatorTypes() {

try {

return mService.getAuthenticatorTypes();

} catch (RemoteException e) {

// will never happen

throw new RuntimeException(e);

}

}

AccountManagerService

跳过IPC的细节,最终,任务落到AccountManagerService头上。执行getAuthenticatorTypes()方法:

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public AuthenticatorDescription[] getAuthenticatorTypes() {

...

final int userId = UserHandle.getCallingUserId();

final long identityToken = clearCallingIdentity();

try {

Collection<AccountAuthenticatorCache.ServiceInfo<AuthenticatorDescription>>

authenticatorCollection = mAuthenticatorCache.getAllServices(userId);

AuthenticatorDescription[] types =

new AuthenticatorDescription[authenticatorCollection.size()];

int i = 0;

for (AccountAuthenticatorCache.ServiceInfo<AuthenticatorDescription> authenticator

: authenticatorCollection) {

types[i] = authenticator.type;

i++;

}

return types;

} finally {

restoreCallingIdentity(identityToken);

}

}

AccountAuthenticatorCache

这里面出现了一个AccountAuthenticatorCache类,看上去是某种缓冲结构,看它的类定义:

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class AccountAuthenticatorCache

extends RegisteredServicesCache<AuthenticatorDescription>

implements IAccountAuthenticatorCache {

它扩展自RegisteredServicesCache。后者顾名思义,是一个系统中已注册的Service的缓冲区。

RegisteredServicesCache的静态内部类ServiceInfo<V>定义了对一个Service的描述:

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public static class ServiceInfo<V> {

public final V type;

public final ComponentName componentName;

public final int uid;



...

}

在这里,实际的范型参数是AuthenticatorDescription。
在AccountManagerService.getAuthenticatorTypes()方法中,调用mAuthenticatorCache.getAllServices(userId)来返回一个相关的ServiceInfo集合。而这个getAllServices()方法实际是由父类RegisteredServicesCache实现的:

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public Collection<ServiceInfo<V>> getAllServices(int userId) {

synchronized (mServicesLock) {

// Find user and lazily populate cache

final UserServices<V> user = findOrCreateUserLocked(userId);

if (user.services == null) {

generateServicesMap(userId);

}

return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(

new ArrayList<ServiceInfo<V>>(user.services.values()));

}

}

其中,generateServicesMap(int)方法扫描已经安装的包,根据给出的userId来生成一个我们需要的Service的Map:

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private void generateServicesMap(int userId) {

...



final PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();

final ArrayList<ServiceInfo<V>> serviceInfos = new ArrayList<ServiceInfo<V>>();

final List<ResolveInfo> resolveInfos = pm.queryIntentServicesAsUser(

new Intent(mInterfaceName), PackageManager.GET_META_DATA, userId);

for (ResolveInfo resolveInfo : resolveInfos) {

try {

ServiceInfo<V> info = parseServiceInfo(resolveInfo);

...

serviceInfos.add(info);

} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {

Log.w(TAG, "Unable to load service info " + resolveInfo.toString(), e);

} catch (IOException e) {

Log.w(TAG, "Unable to load service info " + resolveInfo.toString(), e);

}

}

...

}

这里,通过PackageManager.queryIntentServicesAsUser()方法查找系统中的Service,并由mInterfaceName限定查询条件,并且给出了PackageManager.GET_META_DATA标记。针对PackageManager的实现,这里不展开研究了。我们转而看看这个mInterfaceName的由来。通过对代码的追索,可以看到它从AccountAuthenticatorCache类的构造方法被初始化:

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public AccountAuthenticatorCache(Context context) {

super(context, AccountManager.ACTION_AUTHENTICATOR_INTENT,

AccountManager.AUTHENTICATOR_META_DATA_NAME,

AccountManager.AUTHENTICATOR_ATTRIBUTES_NAME, sSerializer);

}

这里,调用了父类的构造方法:

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public RegisteredServicesCache(Context context, String interfaceName, String metaDataName,

String attributeName, XmlSerializerAndParser<V> serializerAndParser) {

mContext = context;

mInterfaceName = interfaceName;

mMetaDataName = metaDataName;

mAttributesName = attributeName;

...

}

转而查看AccountManager的这三个常量:

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public static final String ACTION_AUTHENTICATOR_INTENT =

"android.accounts.AccountAuthenticator";

public static final String AUTHENTICATOR_META_DATA_NAME =

"android.accounts.AccountAuthenticator";

public static final String AUTHENTICATOR_ATTRIBUTES_NAME = "account-authenticator";

这样,正好对应到我们在App的Manifest中对Service创建的intent filter名称、<meta-data>标签的名称以及authenticator描述文件的根属性。由此可以推断接下来要做的事情:

全部含有"android.accounts.AccountAuthenticator"行为的intent-filter限定的Service将被查询出来
将通过对Service的<meta-data>标签的读取找到authenticator描述文件
将通过解析描述文件来初始化一个Authenticator对象

回到generateServicesMap()方法,对pm.queryIntentServicesAsUser()的调用返回一个ResolveInfo对象列表。ResolveInfo类的描述信息是:

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/**

* Information that is returned from resolving an intent

* against an IntentFilter. This partially corresponds to

* information collected from the AndroidManifest.xml's

* <intent> tags.

*/

public class ResolveInfo implements Parcelable {

接下来,调用私有方法parseServiceInfo(ResolveInfo)来逐个将ResolveInfo对象列表中的元素解析为ServiceInfo对象:

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private ServiceInfo<V> parseServiceInfo(ResolveInfo service)

throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {

android.content.pm.ServiceInfo si = service.serviceInfo;

ComponentName componentName = new ComponentName(si.packageName, si.name);



PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();



XmlResourceParser parser = null;

try {

parser = si.loadXmlMetaData(pm, mMetaDataName);

if (parser == null) {

throw new XmlPullParserException("No " + mMetaDataName + " meta-data");

}



AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);



int type;

while ((type=parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT

&& type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {

}



String nodeName = parser.getName();

if (!mAttributesName.equals(nodeName)) {

throw new XmlPullParserException(

"Meta-data does not start with " + mAttributesName + " tag");

}



V v = parseServiceAttributes(pm.getResourcesForApplication(si.applicationInfo),

si.packageName, attrs);

if (v == null) {

return null;

}

final android.content.pm.ServiceInfo serviceInfo = service.serviceInfo;

final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = serviceInfo.applicationInfo;

final int uid = applicationInfo.uid;

return new ServiceInfo<V>(v, componentName, uid);

} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {

throw new XmlPullParserException(

"Unable to load resources for pacakge " + si.packageName);

} finally {

if (parser != null) parser.close();

}

}

通过这个方法的执行,将应用程序中定义的authenticator及其服务的信息全部解析到ServiceInfo对象中,其中

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V v = parseServiceAttributes(pm.getResourcesForApplication(si.applicationInfo),

si.packageName, attrs);

这个方法是抽象方法,在子类AccountAuthenticatorCache中实现:

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public AuthenticatorDescription parseServiceAttributes(Resources res,

String packageName, AttributeSet attrs) {

TypedArray sa = res.obtainAttributes(attrs,

com.android.internal.R.styleable.AccountAuthenticator);

try {

final String accountType =

sa.getString(com.android.internal.R.styleable.AccountAuthenticator_accountType);

final int labelId = sa.getResourceId(

com.android.internal.R.styleable.AccountAuthenticator_label, 0);

final int iconId = sa.getResourceId(

com.android.internal.R.styleable.AccountAuthenticator_icon, 0);

final int smallIconId = sa.getResourceId(

com.android.internal.R.styleable.AccountAuthenticator_smallIcon, 0);

final int prefId = sa.getResourceId(

com.android.internal.R.styleable.AccountAuthenticator_accountPreferences, 0);

final boolean customTokens = sa.getBoolean(

com.android.internal.R.styleable.AccountAuthenticator_customTokens, false);

if (TextUtils.isEmpty(accountType)) {

return null;

}

return new AuthenticatorDescription(accountType, packageName, labelId, iconId,

smallIconId, prefId, customTokens);

} finally {

sa.recycle();

}

}

这样,通过范型机制和多态机制,就将<meta-data>指向的XML文件的解析及其产出的类型的控制权交给了实现类。在这里,我们得到了想要的AuthenticatorDescription对象。

回到AccountManager

最后,我们生成的AuthenticatorDescription对象数组返回到AccountManager.getAuthenticatorTypes()方法中,这也是我们实质性请求获取帐户类型列表的起点。CheeseAccountActivity类将会把这个返回列表的内容展示给用户:

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