汇编语言实现电子闹钟

2.1 设计思路

首先使用8255、8254、8259 三个芯片实现电子时钟的功能，让闹钟可以正常走时；其次，在时钟的基础上添加闹铃功能、整点报时功能、设置当前时间功能；完成设计。

2.2 设计方案

1. 电子时钟部分：此次设计是通过对计数器8254设定计数值对脉冲进行计数，在程序里，8254工作于计数器0，方式3。接入的CLK为1MHz，设计数初值为10000，每100次中断计数一次，产生的记数时间正好是时钟每秒走过的时间。通过对中断控制器8259设置初始化命令字初值来控制中断。程序中通过移位指令来实现时、秒、分的个位和十位的独自存储，将分、秒的个位十位分别存入指定的寄存器中。比较转移指令来完成秒和分的累加。七段数码管由8255并行接口的A口进行位的选择，通过B口输出要显示的段码。这样就在6个七段数码管上分别显示时、分和秒。当1S时间到时，修改当前数码管数值，10秒时将秒的低位清零，高位加1，分和时亦是如此；到达60秒时，将秒清零，分加1，到达60分时，将分清零，小时加1，到达24小时则全部清零。

2. 闹钟响铃部分：对于闹钟部分，我们首先要完成数码管显示单元按键的连接和设计，让16个按键分别为0-F；再利用实验平台的单次脉冲输入KK1产生一次中断，这样就可以设置时间了。将设置好的时间储存起来，时刻与当前的时间进行比较，当时间一样时，计数器1工作，蜂鸣器蜂鸣，播放音乐，这就完成了闹钟响铃功能。

3. 整点报时部分：整点报时，就是在整时的时候响一次铃，当时钟整点时，无论是几点，时钟的分和秒部分都为零，所以，只要让时钟的分和秒部分与零进行比较，当他们都相等时，就代表到达整点了，可以响铃了。整点报时就完成了，本闹钟设置的整点报时时长为5秒。

4. 设置当前时间：本部分也用到了数码管显示单元的按键部分，只要利用之前的设计就好了，这次使用单次脉冲输入的KK2产生中断设置时间，再将设置的时间存储在时间变量中，时间就设置好了。

A8254    EQU  06C0H   ;宏定义
B8254    EQU  06C2H
C8254    EQU  06C4H
CON8254  EQU  06C6H
MY8255_A    EQU  0600H
MY8255_B    EQU  0602H
MY8255_C    EQU  0604H
MY8255_CON    EQU  0606H

PUBLIC  SEC,MIN,HOUR
DATA    SEGMENT             ;定义数据段
TAB     DB 3FH,06H,5BH,4FH,66H,6DH,7DH,07H     ;数码表
DB 7FH,6FH,77H,7CH,39H,5EH,79H,71H
FREQ_LIST  DW  371,495,495,495,624,556,495,556,624      ;频率表
DW  495,495,624,742,833,833,833,742,624
DW  624,495,556,495,556,624,495,416,416,371
DW  495,833,742,624,624,495,556,495,556,833
DW  742,624,624,742,833,990,742,624,624,495
DW  556,495,556,624,495,416,416,371,495,0
TIME_LIST  DB    4,  6,  2,  4,  4,  6,  2,  4,  4      ;时间表
DB    6,  2,  4,  4, 12,  1,  3,  6,  2
DB    4,  4,  6,  2,  4,  4,  6,  2,  4,  4
DB   12,  4,  6,  2,  4,  4,  6,  2,  4,  4
DB    6,  2,  4,  4, 12,  4,  6,  2,  4,  4
DB    6,  2,  4,  4,  6,  2,  4,  4,  12

SEC        DB   0            ;初始化
HOUR    DB   0
MIN        DB   0
N_TIME  DB  20 DUP(0)
Z_TIME  DB  20 DUP(0)
N_S     DB 30
N_M     DB  0
N_H     DB 0
TIMER   DB 10 DUP(0)
DUAN    DB 0
BUF     DB  3 DUP(0)
DATA    ENDS
SSTACK    SEGMENT STACK        ;堆栈段
DW 256 DUP(?)
SSTACK    ENDS
CODE    SEGMENT              ;代码段
ASSUME CS:CODE, SS:SSTACK,DS:DATA
START:    ;8254初始化
MOV DX, CON8254            ;8254
MOV AL, 36H                ;计数器0，方式3
OUT DX, AL
;分频
MOV DX, A8254
MOV AL, 010H
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, 27H
OUT DX, AL
;8255初始化
MOV AL,81H
MOV DX,MY8255_CON
OUT DX,AL
;MIR7中断
MOV AX, 0000H
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, OFFSET MIR7            ;取中断入口地址
MOV SI, 003CH                       ;中断矢量地址
MOV [SI], AX                       ;填IRQ7的偏移矢量
MOV AX, SEG MIR7                ;段地址
MOV SI, 003EH
MOV [SI], AX                       ;填IRQ7的段地址矢量

;MIR6中断

MOV AX, OFFSET MIR6            ;取中断入口地址
MOV SI, 0038H                       ;中断矢量地址
MOV [SI], AX                       ;填IRQ6的偏移矢量
MOV AX, SEG MIR6                ;段地址
MOV SI, 003AH
MOV [SI], AX                       ;填IRQ6的段地址矢量

;MIR2中断

MOV AX, OFFSET SIR1            ;取中断入口地址
MOV SI, 00C4H                       ;中断矢量地址
MOV [SI], AX                       ;填SIR1的偏移矢量
MOV AX, SEG SIR1                ;段地址
MOV SI, 00C6H
MOV [SI], AX                       ;填SIR1的段地址矢量

;8259初始化
MOV AL, 11H
OUT 20H, AL                        ;ICW1
MOV AL, 08H
OUT 21H, AL
MOV AL,04H
OUT 21H,AL                    ;ICW2
MOV AL, 03H
OUT 21H, AL                        ;ICW4
;初始化从片8259
MOV AL, 11H
OUT 0A0H, AL            ;ICW1
MOV AL, 30H
OUT 0A1H, AL            ;ICW2
MOV AL, 02H
OUT 0A1H, AL            ;ICW3
MOV AL, 01H
OUT 0A1H, AL            ;ICW4
MOV AL, 0FDH
OUT 0A1H,AL                ;OCW1 = 1111 1101

MOV AX,SEG N_TIME        ;取N_TIME的段地址
MOV DS,AX
MOV SI,OFFSET N_TIME      ;取N_TIME的地址偏移量
MOV [SI+1],1
STI
AA1:
CALL DISP              ;调用显示子程序(disp)
CALL BJ             ;调用闹钟(bj)
CALL ZDBS            ;调用整点报时(bj)
JMP AA1

MIR6 PROC
CLI
PUSH AX
PUSH SI
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV SI,3000H
MOV AL,00H
MOV [SI],AL                ;清显示缓冲
MOV [SI+1],AL
MOV [SI+2],AL
MOV [SI+3],AL
MOV [SI+4],AL
MOV [SI+5],AL
MOV DI,3005H
MOV DX,MY8255_CON        ;写8255控制字
MOV AL,81H
OUT DX,AL
BEGIN:  CALL DIS                ;调用显示子程序
CALL CLEAR                ;清屏
CALL CCSCAN                ;扫描
JNZ INK1
JMP BEGIN
INK1:   CALL DIS
CALL KEYDALLY
CALL KEYDALLY
CALL CLEAR
CALL CCSCAN
MOV AX,SEG DUAN        ;取DUAN的段地址
MOV DS,AX
MOV SI,OFFSET DUAN      ;取DUAN的地址偏移量，用于技计数
MOV AL,[SI]
INC AL
MOV  [SI],AL
CMP AL,7              ;AL与6相比较
JE  B2
JNZ INK2                ;有键按下，转到INK2
JMP BEGIN
;========================================
;确定按下键的位置
;========================================

B2:        MOV AL,0
MOV [SI],AL
POP AX
POP SI
IRET
INK2:   MOV CH,0FEH
MOV CL,00H

COLUM:  MOV AL,CH
MOV DX,MY8255_A
OUT DX,AL
MOV DX,MY8255_C
IN AL,DX

L1:     TEST AL,01H         ;is L1?
JNZ L2

MOV AL,00H          ;L1
JMP KCODE

L2:     TEST AL,02H         ;is L2?
JNZ L3

MOV AL,04H          ;L2
JMP KCODE

L3:     TEST AL,04H         ;is L3?
JNZ L4

MOV AL,08H          ;L3
JMP KCODE

L4:     TEST AL,08H         ;is L4?
JNZ NEXT

MOV AL,0CH          ;L4

KCODE:  ADD AL,CL
CALL PUTBUF

PUSH AX
KON:    CALL DIS
CALL CLEAR
CALL CCSCAN
JNZ KON
POP AX

NEXT:   INC CL
MOV AL,CH
TEST AL,08H
JZ KERR
ROL AL,1
MOV CH,AL
JMP COLUM
KERR:   JMP BEGIN
;========================================
;键盘扫描子程序
;========================================
CCSCAN: MOV AL,00H
MOV DX,MY8255_A
OUT DX,AL
MOV DX,MY8255_C
IN  AL,DX
NOT AL
AND AL,0FH
RET
;========================================
;清屏子程序
;========================================
CLEAR:  MOV DX,MY8255_B
MOV AL,00H
OUT DX,AL
RET
;========================================
;显示子程序
;========================================
DIS:    PUSH AX
MOV SI,3000H
MOV DL,0DFH
MOV AL,DL
AGAIN:  PUSH DX
MOV DX,MY8255_A
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,[SI]
MOV BX,OFFSET TAB
AND AX,00FFH
ADD BX,AX
MOV AL,[BX]
MOV DX,MY8255_B
OUT DX,AL
CALL KEYDALLY
INC SI
POP DX
MOV AL,DL
TEST AL,01H
JZ  OUT1
ROR AL,1
MOV DL,AL
JMP AGAIN
OUT1:   POP AX
RET
;====== 延时子程序 ======
KEYDALLY:  PUSH CX
MOV CX,0006H
D1:     MOV AX,009FH
D2:     DEC AX
JNZ D2
LOOP D1
POP CX
RET
;========================================
;存键盘值到相应位的缓冲中
;========================================
PUTBUF: MOV SI,DI
MOV [SI],AL
MOV CX,SEG DUAN        ;取DUAN的段地址
MOV DS,CX
MOV SI,OFFSET DUAN      ;取DUAN的地址偏移量
MOV BX,[SI]

MOV CX,SEG N_TIME        ;取DUAN的段地址
MOV DS,CX
MOV SI,OFFSET N_TIME      ;取DUAN的地址偏移量
MOV [SI+BX],AL
MOV DX,[SI+BX]

DEC DI
CMP DI,2FFFH
JNZ GOBACK
MOV DI,3005H
GOBACK: RET

MIR6 ENDP

SIR1 PROC
CLI
PUSH AX
PUSH SI
MOV AX,DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV SI,3000H
MOV AL,00H
MOV [SI],AL                ;清显示缓冲
MOV [SI+1],AL
MOV [SI+2],AL
MOV [SI+3],AL
MOV [SI+4],AL
MOV [SI+5],AL
MOV DI,3005H
MOV DX,MY8255_CON        ;写8255控制字
MOV AL,81H
OUT DX,AL
BEGIN_U:  CALL DIS1                ;调用显示子程序
CALL CLEAR1                ;清屏
CALL CCSCAN1                ;扫描
JNZ INK3
JMP BEGIN_U
INK3:   CALL DIS1
CALL U_DALLY
CALL U_DALLY
CALL CLEAR1
CALL CCSCAN1
MOV AX,SEG DUAN        ;取DUAN的段地址
MOV DS,AX
MOV SI,OFFSET DUAN      ;取DUAN的地址偏移量
MOV AL,[SI]
INC AL
MOV  [SI],AL
CMP AL,7              ;AL与7相比较
JE  B3
JNZ INK4                ;有键按下，转到INK2
JMP BEGIN_U
;========================================
;确定按下键的位置
;========================================

B3:        MOV AL,0
MOV [SI],AL
POP AX
POP SI
IRET
INK4:   MOV CH,0FEH
MOV CL,00H

COLUM2:  MOV AL,CH
MOV DX,MY8255_A
OUT DX,AL
MOV DX,MY8255_C
IN AL,DX

U1:     TEST AL,01H         ;is L1?
JNZ U2

MOV AL,00H          ;L1
JMP KCODE1

U2:     TEST AL,02H         ;is L2?
JNZ U3

MOV AL,04H          ;L2
JMP KCODE1

U3:     TEST AL,04H         ;is L3?
JNZ U4

MOV AL,08H          ;L3
JMP KCODE1

U4:     TEST AL,08H         ;is L4?
JNZ NEXT1

MOV AL,0CH          ;L4

KCODE1:  ADD AL,CL
CALL PUTBUF1

PUSH AX
KON1:    CALL DIS1
CALL CLEAR1
CALL CCSCAN1
JNZ KON1
POP AX

NEXT1:   INC CL
MOV AL,CH
TEST AL,08H
JZ KERR1
ROL AL,1
MOV CH,AL
JMP COLUM2
KERR1:   JMP BEGIN_U
;========================================
;键盘扫描子程序
;========================================
CCSCAN1: MOV AL,00H
MOV DX,MY8255_A
OUT DX,AL
MOV DX,MY8255_C
IN  AL,DX
NOT AL
AND AL,0FH
RET
;========================================
;清屏子程序
;========================================
CLEAR1:  MOV DX,MY8255_B
MOV AL,00H
OUT DX,AL
RET
;========================================
;显示子程序
;========================================
DIS1:    PUSH AX
MOV SI,3000H
MOV DL,0DFH
MOV AL,DL
AGAIN1:  PUSH DX
MOV DX,MY8255_A
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,[SI]
MOV BX,OFFSET TAB
AND AX,00FFH
ADD BX,AX
MOV AL,[BX]
MOV DX,MY8255_B
OUT DX,AL
CALL U_DALLY
INC SI
POP DX
MOV AL,DL
TEST AL,01H
JZ  OUT2
ROR AL,1
MOV DL,AL
JMP AGAIN1
OUT2:   POP AX
RET
;====== 延时子程序 ======
U_DALLY:  PUSH CX
MOV CX,0006H
W1:     MOV AX,009FH
W2:     DEC AX
JNZ W2
LOOP W1
POP CX
RET
;========================================
;存键盘值到相应位的缓冲中
;========================================
PUTBUF1: MOV SI,DI
MOV [SI],AL
MOV CX,SEG DUAN        ;取DUAN的段地址
MOV DS,CX
MOV SI,OFFSET DUAN      ;取DUAN的地址偏移量
MOV BX,[SI]

MOV CX,SEG TIMER        ;取DUAN的段地址
MOV DS,CX
MOV SI,OFFSET TIMER      ;取DUAN的地址偏移量
MOV [SI+BX],AL
MOV DX,[SI+BX]

DEC DI
CMP DI,2FFFH
JNZ GOBACK1
MOV DI,3005H
GOBACK1: RET

SIR1 ENDP

MIR7 PROC
STI                        ;置中断标志位IF
PUSH AX                   ;压栈
PUSH SI

MOV AX,SEG TIMER        ;取TIMER的段地址
MOV DS,AX
MOV SI,OFFSET TIMER      ;取TIMER的地址偏移量
MOV AL,[SI]
INC AL
MOV  [SI],AL
CMP AL,100              ;AL与100相比较
JNE  TRNED               ;若相等，则跳转
MOV  AL,0                ;不等则向下执行
MOV  [SI],AL
MOV  AL,[SI+1]
ADD  AL,1
DAA                         ;十进制调整，用于加法
MOV  [SI+1],AL
CMP  AL,60H
JNE  TRNED
MOV  AL,0
MOV  [SI+1],AL
MOV  AL,[SI+2]
ADD  AL,1
DAA
MOV  [SI+2],AL
CMP  AL,60H
JNE  TRNED
MOV  AL,0
MOV  [SI+2],AL
MOV  AL,[SI+3]
ADD  AL,1
DAA
MOV  [SI+3],AL
CMP  AL,24H
JNE  TRNED
MOV  AL,0
MOV  [SI+3],AL

TRNED:
MOV AL,[SI+1]
MOV SEC,AL
MOV AL,[SI+2]
MOV MIN,AL
MOV AL,[SI+3]
MOV HOUR,AL
POP  SI                                 ;出栈
POP  AX
STI                                     ;置中断标志位IF
IRET                                    ;中断返回

ENDP
DISP:
PUSH BX
PUSH DI
PUSH AX
PUSH SI
MOV DX,MY8255_B
MOV AX,SEG TAB
MOV DS,AX
MOV BX,OFFSET  TAB

MOV AL,SEC
AND AL,0FH                                ;与低四位相与
MOV AH,00H
MOV SI,AX
MOV AL,[BX+SI]
OUT DX,AL
MOV DX,MY8255_A
MOV AL,0DFH
OUT DX,AL
CALL DALLY

MOV AL,SEC
AND AL,0F0H
ror al,04
MOV AH,00H
MOV SI,AX
MOV AL,[BX+SI]
MOV DX,MY8255_B
OUT DX,AL
MOV DX,MY8255_A
MOV AL,0EFH
OUT DX,AL
CALL DALLY

MOV AL,MIN
AND AL,0FH
MOV AH,00H
MOV SI,AX
MOV AL,[BX+SI]
MOV DX,MY8255_B
OUT DX,AL
MOV DX,MY8255_A
MOV AL,0F7H
OUT DX,AL
CALL DALLY

MOV AL,MIN
AND AL,0F0H
ror al,04
MOV AH,00H
MOV SI,AX
MOV AL,[BX+SI]
MOV DX,MY8255_B
OUT DX,AL
MOV DX,MY8255_A
MOV AL,0FBH
OUT DX,AL
CALL DALLY

MOV AL,HOUR
AND AL,0FH
MOV AH,00H
MOV SI,AX
MOV AL,[BX+SI]
MOV DX,MY8255_B
OUT DX,AL
MOV DX,MY8255_A
MOV AL,0FDH
OUT DX,AL
CALL DALLY

MOV AL,HOUR
AND AL,0F0H
ror al,04
MOV AH,00H
MOV SI,AX
MOV AL,[BX+SI]
MOV DX,MY8255_B
OUT DX,AL
MOV DX,MY8255_A
MOV AL,0FEH
OUT DX,AL
CALL DALLY

POP SI
POP AX
POP DI
POP BX
RET

ZDBS PROC                     ;整点报时
MOV AL,MIN
CMP AL,00H
JNZ LP2

MOV AL,SEC
CMP AL,00H
JNZ LP2

MOV DX, CON8254            ;8254
MOV AL, 76H                ;计数器1，方式3
OUT DX, AL

ZD1:
MOV DX, B8254
MOV AL, 00H
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, 09H
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL,SEC
CMP AL,05H
JE OUTZD
CALL DISP
JMP ZD1

OUTZD:
MOV AX,00H
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,AH
OUT DX,AL
RET

LP2:  RET

ZDBS ENDP

BJ PROC                           ;闹铃程序
MOV AL,HOUR
MOV CX,SEG N_TIME        ;取DUAN的段地址
MOV DS,CX
MOV SI,OFFSET N_TIME      ;取DUAN的地址偏移量
MOV BL,[SI+1]
ROL BL,04
MOV AL,0
MOV AL,[SI+2]
OR BL,AL

CMP AL,BL
JNZ LP

MOV CX,SEG N_TIME        ;取DUAN的段地址
MOV DS,CX
MOV SI,OFFSET N_TIME      ;取DUAN的地址偏移量
MOV BL,[SI+3]
ROL BL,04
MOV AL,0
MOV AL,[SI+4]
OR BL,AL
MOV AL,MIN
CMP AL,BL
JNZ LP

MOV CX,SEG N_TIME        ;取DUAN的段地址
MOV DS,CX
MOV SI,OFFSET N_TIME      ;取DUAN的地址偏移量
MOV BL,[SI+5]
ROL BL,04
MOV AL,0
MOV AL,[SI+6]
OR BL,AL
MOV AL,SEC
CMP AL,BL
JNZ LP

MOV DX, CON8254            ;8254
MOV AL, 76H                ;计数器1，方式3
OUT DX, AL

BEGIN_M:    MOV BX,OFFSET FREQ_LIST
MOV DI,OFFSET TIME_LIST     ;装入时间表起始地址

PLAY:    MOV DX,0FH                  ;输入时钟为1MHz，1M = 0F4240H
MOV AX,4240H
DIV WORD PTR [BX]           ;取出频率值计算计数初值，0F4240H / 输出频率
MOV DX,B8254
OUT DX,AL                   ;装入计数初值
MOV AL,AH
OUT DX,AL

MOV DL,[DI]                 ;取出演奏相对时间，调用延时子程序
CALL DALLY2

ADD BX,2
INC DI
CMP WORD PTR [BX],0         ;判断是否到曲末？
JE  OUTPLAY
CALL DISP
JMP  PLAY

OUTPLAY:MOV DX,B8254
MOV AX,00H
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,AH
OUT DX,AL
RET
LP:  RET

DALLY2    PROC                        ;延时子程序
H0:        MOV CX,0010H
H1:        MOV AX,0FF0H
H2:        DEC AX
JNZ H2
LOOP H1
DEC DL
JNZ H0
RET
DALLY2    ENDP

BJ ENDP

DALLY:  PUSH CX
MOV CX,0006H
T1:     MOV AX,009FH
T2:     DEC AX
JNZ T2
LOOP T1
POP CX
RET
CODE    ENDS

END START http://download.csdn.net/detail/zt1994223/8978079