centos6.5下postgresql9.4.3安装与配置

一、简介PostgreSQL 是一种非常复杂的对象-关系型数据库管理系统（ORDBMS），也是目前功能最强大，特性最丰富和最复杂的自由软件数据库系统。有些特性甚至连商业数据库都不具备。这个起源于伯克利（BSD）的数据库研究计划目前已经衍生成一项国际开发项目，并且有非常广泛的用户。二、系统环境系统平台：CentOS release 6.5 (Final)PostgreSQL 版本：PostgreSQL 9.4.3防火墙已关闭/iptables: Firewall is not running.SELINUX=disabled三、源码安装1. 下载PostgreSQL 源码包# wget http://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4.3/postgresql-9.4.3.tar.bz22. 解压源码包# tar xjf postgresql-9.4.3.tar.bz23. 进入解压后的目录# cd postgresql-9.4.34.安装依赖包yum -y install gcc*yum -y install readline-devel5.增加用户设置密码[root@postgresql ~]# adduser postgres[root@postgresql ~]# passwd postgresChanging password for user postgres.New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematicBAD PASSWORD: is too simpleRetype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.6.开始编译安装PostgreSQL 数据库。 [root@postgresql ~]# cd postgresql-9.4.3[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# ./configure --prefix=/home/postgres/pgsql [root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# gmake [root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# gmake install 7.设置环境变量[root@postgresql ~]# cd /home/postgres/[root@postgresql postgres]# lspgsql[root@postgresql postgres]# vi .bash_profile把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin保存退出。让环境变量生效：在设置[root@postgresql ~]# vi .bash_profile把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin保存退出。让环境变量生效：[root@postgresql ~]# source .bash_profile8.初始化数据库8.1新建数据目录[root@postgresql ~]# mkdir /home/postgres/pgsql/data8.2更改权限[root@postgresql ~]# chown postgres:postgres /home/postgres/pgsql/data8.3切换到postgres用户[root@postgresql ~]# su - postgres8.4 init db[postgres@postgresql ~]$ /home/postgres/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /home/postgres/pgsql/data到这里数据的初始化就完成9.系统服务9.1回到root用户[postgres@postgresql ~]$ exit9.2复制安装目录下的linux文件到/etc/init.d/进入postgresql 的安装目录（即刚刚使用tar命令解压的目录）[root@postgresql ~]# cd postgresql-9.4.3[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# cp contrib/start-scripts/linux /etc/init.d/postgresql9.3修改/etc/init.d/postgresql 注意：红色是修改部分[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# vi /etc/init.d/postgresql#! /bin/sh # chkconfig: 2345 98 02# description: PostgreSQL RDBMS # This is an example of a start/stop script for SysV-style init, such# as is used on Linux systems. You should edit some of the variables# and maybe the 'echo' commands.## Place this file at /etc/init.d/postgresql (or# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql) and make symlinks to# /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K02postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K02postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K02postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S98postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S98postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgresql# Or, if you have chkconfig, simply:# chkconfig --add postgresql## Proper init scripts on Linux systems normally require setting lock# and pid files under /var/run as well as reacting to network# settings, so you should treat this with care. # Original author: Ryan Kirkpatrick <pgsql@rkirkpat.net> # contrib/start-scripts/linux ## EDIT FROM HERE # Installation prefixprefix=/home/postgres /pgsql # Data directoryPGDATA="/home/postgres/pgsql/data"# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres". (NOT "root")PGUSER=postgres # Where to keep a log filePGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog" # It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because# of the way it accounts for shared memory). Setting the OOM_SCORE_ADJ value# to -1000 will disable OOM kill altogether. If you enable this, you probably# want to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0", so that# individual backends can still be killed by the OOM killer.#OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-1000# Older Linux kernels may not have /proc/self/oom_score_adj, but instead# /proc/self/oom_adj, which works similarly except the disable value is -17.# For such a system, enable this and compile with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0".#OOM_ADJ=-17 ## STOP EDITING HERE # The path that is to be used for the scriptPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin # What to use to start up the postmaster. (If you want the script to wait# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster" # What to use to shut down the postmasterPGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl" set -e # Only start if we can find the postmaster.test -x $DAEMON ||{ echo "$DAEMON not found" if [ "$1" = "stop" ] then exit 0 else exit 5 fi} # Parse command line parameters.case $1 in start) echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: " test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1 echo "ok" ;; stop) echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: " su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast" echo "ok" ;; restart) echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: " su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w" test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1 echo "ok" ;; reload) echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: " su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s" echo "ok" ;;status) su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'" ;; *) # Print help echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2 exit 1 ;;esac exit 0 9.4添加执行权限[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/postgresql 9.5启动数据库[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# /etc/init.d/postgresql startStarting PostgreSQL: ok9.6让数据库开机启动[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# chkconfig --add postgresql[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# chkconfig postgresql on9.7创建数据库操作历史记录文件 [root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# touch /home/postgres/pgsql/.pgsql_history[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# chown postgres:postgres /home/postgres/pgsql/.pgsql_history10.测试使用[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# su - postgres[postgres@postgresql ~]$ createdb test[postgres@postgresql ~]$ psql testpsql (9.4.3)Type "help" for help.test=# 源码编译安装成功。

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