centos6.5下postgresql9.4.3同步流复制的standby安装与配置

一、同步流复制的架构
PostgreSQL从9.1版本之后提供了同步复制的架构。同步复制要求在数据写入Standby数据库后，事务的commit才返回,所以Standby库出现问题时，会导致主库被hang住。解决这个问题的方法是启动两个Standby数据库，这两个standby数据库只要有一个是正常的，就不会让主库hang住。所以在实际应用中，同步流复制，总是有1个主库和2个以上的Standby库。
二、同步复制的配置
实现同步复制功能主要是在主库上配置参数"synchronous_standby_names",这个参数指定多个Standby的名称,各个名称通过逗号分隔，而Standby名称是在Standby连接到主库时，由连接参数"application_name"指定的。要使用同步复制，在Standby数据库中,recovery.conf
里的primary_conninfo一定要指定连接参数"application_name"。recovery.conf的示例如下:
standby_mode = 'on'
primary_conninfo = 'application_name=standby01 user=repluesr password=XXXXXX host=172.16.0.111 port=5432 sslmode=disable sslcompression=1'
三、系统环境
系统平台：centos6.5
PostgreSQL版本：postgresql9.4.3
防火墙关闭/iptables
selinux设置成
SELINUX=disabled

主机名	IP地址	角色	数据目录
postgresql01	172.16.0.111	主库	/home/postgres/pgsql/data
postgresql02	172.16.0.112	Standby	/home/postgres/pgsql/data
postgresql03	172.16.0.113	Standby	/home/postgres/pgsql/data

四、源码包安装
1、在三台安装依赖包
yum -y install gcc*yum -y install readline-devel2、在三台增加用户
# adduser postgres# passwd postgresChanging password for user postgres.New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematicBAD PASSWORD: is too simpleRetype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.注意：主库安装与配置好后，在把全部的文件拷备到standby中。
以下是主库操作

3. 下载PostgreSQL 源码包# wget http://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4.3/postgresql-9.4.3.tar.bz24. 解压源码包# tar xjf postgresql-9.4.3.tar.bz25. 进入解压后的目录# cd postgresql-9.4.36.开始编译安装PostgreSQL 数据库。[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# ./configure --prefix=/home/postgres/pgsql[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]#gmake[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# gmake install7.设置环境
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# cd /home/postgres/
[root@postgresql01 postgres]# ls
pgsql
[root@postgresql01 postgres]# vi .bash_profile
把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin保存退出。让环境变量生效[root@postgresql01 postgres]# source .bash_profile8.初始化数据库8.1新建数据目录[root@postgresql01 postgres]# mkdir /home/postgres/pgsql/data8.2更改权限[root@postgresql01 postgres]# chown postgres:postgres /home/postgres/pgsql/data8.3切换到postgres用户[root@postgresql01 postgres]# su - postgres8.4init db[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ /home/postgres/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /home/postgres/pgsql/data到这里数据的初始化就完成9.系统服务9.1回到root用户[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ exit9.2复制安装目录下的linux文件/etc/init.d/进入postgresql的安装目录
[root@postgresql01 postgres]# cd /root/postgresql-9.4.3/
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# cp contrib/start-scripts/linux /etc/init.d/postgresql
9.3修改/etc/init.d/postgresql 注意：红色是修改部分[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# vi /etc/init.d/postgresql#! /bin/sh # chkconfig: 2345 98 02# description: PostgreSQL RDBMS # This is an example of a start/stop script for SysV-style init, such# as is used on Linux systems. You should edit some of the variables# and maybe the 'echo' commands.## Place this file at /etc/init.d/postgresql (or# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql) and make symlinks to# /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K02postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K02postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K02postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S98postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S98postgresql# /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgresql# Or, if you have chkconfig, simply:# chkconfig --add postgresql## Proper init scripts on Linux systems normally require setting lock# and pid files under /var/run as well as reacting to network# settings, so you should treat this with care. # Original author: Ryan Kirkpatrick <pgsql@rkirkpat.net> # contrib/start-scripts/linux ## EDIT FROM HERE # Installation prefixprefix=/home/postgres /pgsql # Data directoryPGDATA="/home/postgres/pgsql/data"# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres". (NOT "root")PGUSER=postgres # Where to keep a log filePGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog" # It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because# of the way it accounts for shared memory). Setting the OOM_SCORE_ADJ value# to -1000 will disable OOM kill altogether. If you enable this, you probably# want to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0", so that# individual backends can still be killed by the OOM killer.#OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-1000# Older Linux kernels may not have /proc/self/oom_score_adj, but instead# /proc/self/oom_adj, which works similarly except the disable value is -17.# For such a system, enable this and compile with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0".#OOM_ADJ=-17 ## STOP EDITING HERE # The path that is to be used for the scriptPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin # What to use to start up the postmaster. (If you want the script to wait# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster" # What to use to shut down the postmasterPGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl" set -e # Only start if we can find the postmaster.test -x $DAEMON ||{ echo "$DAEMON not found" if [ "$1" = "stop" ] then exit 0 else exit 5 fi} # Parse command line parameters.case $1 in start) echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: " test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1 echo "ok" ;; stop) echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: " su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast" echo "ok" ;; restart) echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: " su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w" test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1 echo "ok" ;; reload) echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: " su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s" echo "ok" ;;status) su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'" ;; *) # Print help echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2 exit 1 ;;esac exit 0 9.4启动数据库
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start
9.5让数据库开机启动
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# chkconfig --add postgresql
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# chkconfig postgresql on
9.6创建数据操作历史记录文件
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# touch /home/postgres/pgsql/.pgsql_history
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.3]# chown postgres:postgres /home/postgres/pgsql/.pgsql_history
10.测试使用
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ createdb test
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ psql test
psql (9.4.3)
Type "help" for help.

test=#
源码编译安装成功

五、配置同步流复制
配置如下：
1.在主库增加同步的用户名与密码
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ psql -d postgres
psql (9.4.3)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# CREATE ROLE repluser REPLICATION LOGIN PASSWORD 'zhf#2015';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=#

2.在主库postgresql01上进行配置
修改以下参数
在主库的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf中做如下配置：
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ vi /home/postgres/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
增加以下：
host replication repluser 172.16.0.0/24 md5
2.在主库postgreso1的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf中设置如下三个参数
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ vi /home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf

isten_addresses = '*'
max_wal_senders = 5
wal_level = hot_standby

3.在主数据上指定同步复制的Standby名称，在postgresql01的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf增加如下一行：

synchronous_standby_names = 'standby01,standby02'

4.停止主库postgresql
[root@postgresql01 ~]# /etc/init.d/postgresql stop

5.把主库安装文件拷备到两台standby中
[root@postgresql01 ~]# scp -r /home/postgres/pgsql 172.16.0.112:/home/postgres/

[root@postgresql01 ~]# scp -r /home/postgres/pgsql 172.16.0.113:/home/postgres/

[root@postgresql01 ~]# scp -r /etc/init.d/postgresql 172.16.0.112:/etc/init.d/

[root@postgresql01 ~]# scp -r /etc/init.d/postgresql 172.16.0.113:/etc/init.d/

6.在两台standby中设置权限两台都操作如下：
[root@postgresql02 ~]# cd /home/postgres/pgsql/
[root@postgresql02 pgsql]# chown -R postgres:postgres data
[root@postgresql02 pgsql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/postgresql

[root@postgresql02 postgres]# chkconfig --add postgresql
[root@postgresql02 postgres]# chkconfig postgresql on

[root@postgresql03 ~]# cd /home/postgres/pgsql/
[root@postgresql03 pgsql]# chown -R postgres:postgres data
[root@postgresql03 pgsql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/postgresql

[root@postgresql03 postgres]# chkconfig --add postgresql
[root@postgresql03 postgres]# chkconfig postgresql on

7. 在两台standby中设置环境变量两台都操作如下：
[root@postgresql02 pgsql]# cd /home/postgres/
把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin保存退出。让环境变量生效：[root@postgresql02 postgres]# source .bash_profile [root@postgresql03 pgsql]# cd /home/postgres/
把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin保存退出。让环境变量生效：[root@postgresql03 postgres]# source .bash_profile 8.在备库postgresql02上进行配置把配置文件拷过来[root@postgresql02 postgres]# su - postgres[postgres@postgresql02 ~]$ cd pgsql/data/[postgres@postgresql02 data]$ cp /home/postgres/pgsql/share/recovery.conf.sample ./recovery.conf 在postgresql02的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/recovery.conf中的配置“primary_conninfo”里增加 连接参数“appliction_name”,如下：standby_mode = onprimary_conninfo = 'application_name=standby01 user=repluser password=zhf#2015 host=172.16.0.111 port=5432 sslmode=disable sslcompression=1'在postgresql02的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf中的配置参数hot_standby = on 完成配置后，启动数据库，如下： [root@postgresql02 postgres]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start 9.在备库postgresql03上进行配置把配置文件拷过来[root@postgresql03 postgres]# su - postgres[postgres@postgresql03 ~]$ cd pgsql/data/[postgres@postgresql03 data]$ cp /home/postgres/pgsql/share/recovery.conf.sample ./recovery.conf 在postgresql03的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/recovery.conf中的配置“primary_conninfo”里增加 连接参数“appliction_name”,如下：standby_mode = onprimary_conninfo = 'application_name=standby02 user=repluser password=zhf#2015 host=172.16.0.111 port=5432 sslmode=disable sslcompression=1'在postgresql03的/home/postgres/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf中的配置参数hot_standby = on 完成配置后，启动数据库，如下： [root@postgresql03 postgres]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start 10.启动主库 postgresql01 11.测试在主库中[postgres@postgresql01 data]$ psql testpsql (9.4.3)Type "help" for help. test=# create table test01(id int primary key,note text);CREATE TABLEtest=# insert into test01 values(1,'1111111');INSERT 0 1test=# insert into test01 values(2,'2222222');INSERT 0 1 在备库查询数据在备库postgresql02中查看[postgres@postgresql02 ~]$ psql testpsql (9.4.3)Type "help" for help. test=# select * from test01; id | note ----+--------- 1 | 1111111 2 | 2222222(2 rows) test=# 在备库postgresql03中查看 [root@postgresql03 postgres]# su - postgres[postgres@postgresql03 ~]$ psql testpsql (9.4.3)Type "help" for help. test=# select * from test01; id | note ----+--------- 1 | 1111111 2 | 2222222(2 rows) test=#
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