CentOS6.5下编译安装LAMP环境

LAMP（Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP）网站架构是目前国际流行的Web框架。该框架能够满足大流量、大并发量的网站需求；当然、也可以直接使用高性能的服务器、高性能的负载均衡硬件以及CDN加速等。若想真正的设计一个非常好的支撑高并发、高吞吐量的架构，除了必要的高性能的硬件之外，还必须要慎重的选择高性能的操作系统、高性能的网页服务器、高性能的数据库、高性能的编程语言等。

LAMP框架包括：
1. Linux操作系统
2. Apache网络服务器
3. MySQL数据库
4. Perl、PHP或者Python编程语言

LAMP具有Web资源丰富、轻量、快速开发、通用、跨平台、高性能、低价格等优势，正是由于LAMP在性能、价格、质量等上的绝对优势，因此很多企业搭建网站均首选LAMP网站架构。

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下面开始搭建LAMP之旅！
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安装前提
本文的实验是基于CentOS6.5 X64版本操作系统，并且安装的时候，选择软件包的时候，已经将开发工具包组选择并安装上。

安装依赖包
1. 将系统配置好网络(以保证能够联通外网)
[root@localhost ~]ping www.baidu.com

2. 实验如下命令进行安装
[root@localhost ~]yum install wget gcc gcc-c++ make re2c curl curl-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel freetype freetype-devel gd gd-devel perl perl-devel ncurses ncurses-devel bison bison-devel libtool gettext gettext-devel cmake bzip2 bzip2-devel pcre pcre-devel

编译安装Httpd软件
1. 解压软件包
[root@localhost ~]tar zxvf apr-1.5.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]tar zxvf apr-util-1.5.3.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]tar zxvf httpd-2.4.7.tar.gz

2. 移动并改名
[root@localhost ~]mv apr-1.5.0 httpd-2.4.7/srclib/apr
[root@localhost ~]mv apr-util-1.5.3 httpd-2.4.7/srclib/apr-util

3. 进入httpd并执行configure命令
[root@localhost ~]cd httpd-2.4.7
[root@localhost ~]./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --with-z --with-included-apr --enable-so --enable-deflate=shared --enable-expires=shared --enable-rewrite=shared --enable-static-support --enable-authn-dbm=shared --enable-cache --enable-file-cache --enable-mem-cache --enable-disk-cache --enable-mods-shared=all --enable-ssl --enable-cgi

4. 执行make && make install进行编译及安装
[root@localhost ~]make && make install

5. 编辑httpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]vi /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
将ServerName www.example.com:80改成 ServerName localhost:80

6. 新建apache用户
[root@localhost ~]useradd apache -M -s /sbin/nologin
将User daemon 改为 User daemon
将Group daemon 改为 Group daemon

7. iptables添加80端口并重启服务
[root@localhost ~]iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]service iptables save
[root@localhost ~]vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
[root@localhost ~]service iptables restart

8. 创建apache启动脚本并赋予权限
[root@localhost ~]vi /etc/init.d/httpd
#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: 2345 85 15
# description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible \
# server implementing the current HTTP standards.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: httpd
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network
# Should-Start: distcache
# Short-Description: start and stop Apache HTTP Server
# Description: The Apache HTTP Server is an extensible server
# implementing the current HTTP standards.
### END INIT INFO

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi

# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}

# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""

# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.

# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}

# The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does
# things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown
# when not running is also a failure. So we just do it the way init scripts
# are expected to behave here.
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}

# When stopping httpd, a delay (of default 10 second) is required
# before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the
# httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children.
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=6
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
# Force LSB behaviour from killproc
LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then
failure $"httpd shutdown"
fi
fi
echo
}

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then
stop
start
fi
;;
force-reload|reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force- reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
RETVAL=2
esac

exit $RETVAL
[root@localhost ~]chmod 755 /etc/init.d/httpd

9. 设置环境变量
[root@localhost ~]vi /etc/profile
PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH
export PATH
[root@localhost ~]source /etc/profile

10. 启动httpd 并配置为开机启动
[root@localhost ~]service httpd start
[root@localhost ~]chkconfig httpd on

编译安装mysql

1. 解压mysql
[root@localhost ~]tar zxvf mysql-5.6.16.tar.gz

2. 进入mysql目录并执行cmake
[root@localhost ~]cd mysql-5.6.16
[root@localhost ~]cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

3. 编译安装mysql5.6
[root@localhost ~]make && make install

4. 新建一个mysql用户
[root@localhost ~]useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

5. 新建一个数据目录并给定权限
[root@localhost ~]mkdir -p /data/mysql
[root@localhost ~]mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost ~]chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost ~]chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost ~]chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

6. 初始化数据库
[root@localhost ~]cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/
[root@localhost ~]./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql

7. 在CentOS6.5系统默认安装时，在/etc目录下会存在一个my.cnf，将此文件改名为/etc/my.cnf.org，并配置特定的my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.old
[root@localhost ~]cp /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf /etc/

8. 复制启动脚本到/etc/init.d
[root@localhost ~]cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

9. iptables添加3306端口
[root@localhost ~]vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
[root@localhost ~]service iptables restart

10. 设置环境变量
[root@localhost ~]vi /etc/profile
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
export PATH
[root@localhost ~]source /etc/profile

11. 启动mysql并设置开机启动
[root@localhost ~]service mysqld start
[root@localhost ~]chkconfig mysqld on

12. 初始化mysql的一些设置
[root@localhost ~]mysql_secure_installation [回车]
Enter current password for root (enter for none): [回车]
Set root password? [Y/n] y
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

Thanks for using MySQL!

编译安装php
1. 解压php
[root@localhost ~]tar zxvf php-5.4.25.tar.gz

2. 进入php目录并执行configure
[root@localhost ~]cd php-5.4.25
[root@localhost ~]./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-libxml-dir --with-png-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-gd --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-mbstring=all --enable-sockets --enable-ftp --enable-zip --with-gettext --without-pear

3. 编译安装php5.4
[root@localhost ~]make && make install

4. 设置环境变量
[root@localhost ~]vi /etc/profile
PATH=/usr/local/php/bin:$PATH
export PATH
[root@localhost ~]source /etc/profile

5. 复制配置文件到etc目录并进行修改
[root@localhost ~]cp /usr/src/php-5.4.25/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@localhost ~]vi /etc/php.ini
date.timezone =Asia/Shanghai

6. 配置httpd支持php解析
[root@localhost ~]vi /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
在AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz处增加AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
将DirectoryIndex index.html 改为 DirectoryIndex index.html index.php

7. 验证
添加一个测试文件到/usr/local/apache/htdocs/phpinfo.php，看看httpd能否输出php页面