Hadoop-2.5.2集群安装配置详解

最近学习了下hadoop的安装。下面详细说明下步骤

一、环境

我的是在Linux环境下进行安装的。对于想在windows系统上学习的同学，可以采用虚拟机方式或通过cygwin模拟linux环境方式进行学习。现在有三台服务器，分配如下：10.0.1.100 NameNode10.0.1.201 DataNode110.0.1.202 DataNode2NameNode(主服务器)可以看作是分布式文件系统中的管理者，主要负责管理文件系统的命名空间、集群配置信息和存储块的复制等。DataNode(从服务器)是文件存储的基本单元，它将Block存储在本地文件系统中，保存了Block的Meta-data，同时周期性地将所有存在的Block信息发送给NameNode

1、安装jdk

自己到网上找到合适的jdk版本，我下载的是jdk-6u23-linux-i586.bin(linux的32位操作系统版本)。分别上传到3个服务器的/usr/local/java/jdk目录下（该目录可根据个人习惯修改）jdk-6u23-linux-i586.bin 是自解压的文件，要增加可执行权限。如下[plain] view plain copy print ?chmod +x jdk-6u23-linux-i586.bin

chmod +x jdk-6u23-linux-i586.bin

[plain] view plain copy print ?./jdk-6u23-linux-i586.bin

./jdk-6u23-linux-i586.bin

输入回车后，解压完成。修改配置[plain] view plain copy print ?vi /etc/profile

vi /etc/profile

在profile最后增加以下几行环境变量配置[html] view plain copy print ?JAVA_HOME =/usr/local/java/jdk/jdk1.6.0_23

CLASSPATH =.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar

PATH =$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk/jdk1.6.0_23

CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar

PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH

重新ssh连接服务器，测试JDK是否安装成功。其命令如下：[plain] view plain copy print ?java -version

java -version

正常显示如下：java version "1.6.0_23"Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_23-b05)Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 19.0-b09, mixed mode, sharing)

2、配置ssh

一般linux系统是自带安装ssh服务的，对于没有安装ssh服务的，请自行安装，这里不详细说明如何安装。我们需要对ssh服务进行配置，以运行hadoop环境进行ssh无密码登录。即NameNode节点需要能够ssh无密码登录访问DataNode节点进入NameNode服务器，输入如下命令[plain] view plain copy print ?[root@localhost hadoop]# cd ~

[root@localhost ~]# cd .ssh/

[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa

[root@localhost hadoop]# cd ~
[root@localhost ~]# cd .ssh/
[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa

一直回车。.ssh目录下多出两个文件私钥文件：id_rsa公钥文件：id_rsa.pub复制id_rsa.pub文件为authorized_keys[plain] view plain copy print ?[root@localhost .ssh]# cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys

[root@localhost .ssh]# cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys

将公钥文件authorized_keys分发到各DataNode节点：[plain] view plain copy print ?[root@localhost .ssh]# scp authorized_keys root@10.0.1.201:/root/.ssh/

[root@localhost .ssh]# scp authorized_keys root@10.0.1.202:/root/.ssh/

[root@localhost .ssh]# scp authorized_keys root@10.0.1.201:/root/.ssh/
[root@localhost .ssh]# scp authorized_keys root@10.0.1.202:/root/.ssh/

注意：如果当前用户目录下没有.ssh目录，可以自己创建一个该目录验证ssh无密码登录：[plain] view plain copy print ?[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh root@10.0.1.201

Last login: Mon Jan 5 09:46:01 2015 from 10.0.1.100

[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh root@10.0.1.201
Last login: Mon Jan  5 09:46:01 2015 from 10.0.1.100

看到以上信息，表示配置成功！如果还提示要输入密码，则配置失败。

二、下载及安装Hadoop

去hadoop官网上（http://hadoop.apache.org/）下载合适的hadoop版本。我选择的是比较新的2.5.2版本 （最新的是2.6.0版本）。文件名为hadoop-2.5.2.tar.gz，下载文件上传到/root/test下（三个服务器都要上传），切换到该 目录下，解压：[plain] view plain copy print ?tar -zvxf hadoop-2.5.2.tar.gz

tar -zvxf hadoop-2.5.2.tar.gz

主服务器（10.0.1.100）进入配置目录：cd hadoop-2.5.2/etc/hadoopcore-site.xml[html] view plain copy print ?< configuration >

< property >

< name > hadoop.tmp.dir </ name >

< value > /home/hadoop/tmp </ value >

< description > Abase for other temporary directories. </ description >

</ property >

< property >

< name > fs.defaultFS </ name >

< value > hdfs://10.0.1.100:9000 </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > io.file.buffer.size </ name >

< value > 4096 </ value >

</ property >

</ configuration >

<configuration>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/home/hadoop/tmp</value>
<description>Abase for other temporary directories.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://10.0.1.100:9000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>io.file.buffer.size</name>
<value>4096</value>
</property>
</configuration>

注：两个从服务器也要按上面修改core-site.xml配置文件，以下其余配置只针对主服务器hdfs-site.xml[html] view plain copy print ?< configuration >

< property >

< name > dfs.nameservices </ name >

< value > hadoop-cluster1 </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address </ name >

< value > 10.0.1.100:50090 </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > dfs.namenode.name.dir </ name >

< value > file:///home/hadoop/dfs/name </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > dfs.datanode.data.dir </ name >

< value > file:///home/hadoop/dfs/data </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > dfs.replication </ name >

< value > 2 </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > dfs.webhdfs.enabled </ name >

< value > true </ value >

</ property >

</ configuration >

<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.nameservices</name>
<value>hadoop-cluster1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
<value>10.0.1.100:50090</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>file:///home/hadoop/dfs/name</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>file:///home/hadoop/dfs/data</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>2</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
</configuration>

mapred-site.xml[html] view plain copy print ?< configuration >

< property >

< name > mapreduce.framework.name </ name >

< value > yarn </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > mapreduce.jobtracker.http.address </ name >

< value > 10.0.1.100:50030 </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > mapreduce.jobhistory.address </ name >

< value > 10.0.1.100:10020 </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address </ name >

< value > 10.0.1.100:19888 </ value >

</ property >

</ configuration >

<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.jobtracker.http.address</name>
<value>10.0.1.100:50030</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
<value>10.0.1.100:10020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
<value>10.0.1.100:19888</value>
</property>
</configuration>

yarn-site.xml[html] view plain copy print ?< configuration >

<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->

< property >

< name > yarn.nodemanager.aux-services </ name >

< value > mapreduce_shuffle </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > yarn.resourcemanager.address </ name >

< value > 10.0.1.100:8032 </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address </ name >

< value > 10.0.1.100:8030 </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address </ name >

< value > 10.0.1.100:8031 </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address </ name >

< value > 10.0.1.100:8033 </ value >

</ property >

< property >

< name > yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address </ name >

< value > 10.0.1.100:8088 </ value >

</ property >

</ configuration >

<configuration>
<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
<value>10.0.1.100:8032</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
<value>10.0.1.100:8030</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
<value>10.0.1.100:8031</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>
<value>10.0.1.100:8033</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
<value>10.0.1.100:8088</value>
</property>
</configuration>

slaves[html] view plain copy print ?10.0.1.201

10.0.1.202

10.0.1.201
10.0.1.202

hadoop-env.sh[html] view plain copy print ?export JAVA_HOME =/usr/local/java/jdk/jdk1.6.0_23

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk/jdk1.6.0_23

yarn-env.sh[html] view plain copy print ?export JAVA_HOME =/usr/local/java/jdk/jdk1.6.0_23

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk/jdk1.6.0_23

3、格式化文件系统

[plain] view plain copy print ?bin/hdfs namenode -format

bin/hdfs namenode -format

注意：这里的格式化文件系统并不是硬盘格式化，只是针对主服务器hdfs-site.xml的dfs.namenode.name.dir和dfs.datanode.data.dir目录做相应的清理工作。

4、启动和停止服务

启动[plain] view plain copy print ?sbin/start-dfs.sh

sbin/start-dfs.sh

[plain] view plain copy print ?sbin/start-yarn.sh

sbin/start-yarn.sh

停止[plain] view plain copy print ?sbin/stop-dfs.sh

sbin/stop-dfs.sh

[plain] view plain copy print ?sbin/stop-yarn.sh

sbin/stop-yarn.sh

5、查看启动的进程

[plain] view plain copy print ?jps

jps

显示如下14140 ResourceManager13795 NameNode14399 Jps

三、通过浏览器访问

http://10.0.1.100:50070/http://10.0.1.100:8088/－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－特别说明下，上面配置主服务器的slaves文件，使用的是ip配置，此时需要在主服务器的/etc/hosts中增加ip到主机名的映射如下：[plain] view plain copy print ?10.0.1.201 anyname1

10.0.1.202 anyname2

10.0.1.201      anyname1
10.0.1.202      anyname2

否则，可能在执行start-dfs.sh命令时，从服务器的DateNode节点打印如下错误日志：2015-01-16 17:06:54,375 ERROR org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Initialization failed for Block pool BP-1748412339-10.0.1.212-1420015637155 (Datanode Uuid null) service to /10.0.1.218:9000 Datanode denied communication with namenode because hostname cannot be resolved (ip=10.0.1.217, hostname=10.0.1.217): DatanodeRegistration(0.0.0.0, datanodeUuid=3ed21882-db82-462e-a71d-0dd52489d19e, infoPort=50075, ipcPort=50020, storageInfo=lv=-55;cid=CID-4237dee9-ea5e-4994-91c2-008d9e804960;nsid=358861143;c=0)大意是无法将ip地址解析成主机名，也就是无法获取到主机名，需要在/etc/hosts中进行指定。本文来自：Linux教程网