linux配置oracle客户端，sqlplus、sqlldr、exp、imp --- 转

如果有错，谢谢指出！

一、配置环境

需要在安装有oracle软件的相同操作系统上获取部分oracle的系统文件

二、配置目标

无需安装oracle服务器或客户端软件，达到能使用以下功能的目标：

 oci、occi、jdbc的支持

 tnsping

 sqlplus

 sqlldr

 exp

 imp

 tkprof

三、软件下载

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/database/features/instant-client/index-092699-zhs.html

instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.3.0

instantclient-jdbc-linux.x64-11.2.0.3.0

instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-11.2.0.3.0

instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.3.0

四、配置步骤

配置各个功能都一样，关键是环境变量的配置，根据自己实际情况配置，这些基本上都是在网上找的，关键环境变量做了改动

1、配置sqlplus

root用户登录，创建目录：

# mkdir -p /opt/oracle

将所有软件包解压缩至/opt/oracle/下，所有文件将自动释放至目录/opt/oracle/instantclient_10_2/下

创建文件/opt/oracle/instantclient_10_2/tnsnames.ora

格式如下：

CZJGBS =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 81.17.1.23)(PORT = 1521)) //需要连接的IP

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = czjgbs) //需要连接的实例

)

)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = PLSExtProc)

(PRESENTATION = RO)

)

)
在需要使用oracle功能的测试用户环境变量中，添加如下配置，这里一定要注意，如果你失败了百分之八十都是这里的问题：
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

export ORACLE_IC_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_11_2

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_IC_HOME

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_IC_HOME

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_IC_HOME

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_IC_HOME:/usr/lib

export ORACLE_SID=czjgbs //(需要连接的实例名称)

生效后，测试sqlplus：

$ sqlplus scott/tiger@ora215

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期五 8月 3
10:41:44 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

连接到:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

Ok，sqlplus工具可以使用了；

2、配置tnsping
下面我们在此基础上增加tnsping工具

回到root用户，在其他装有Oracle的机器上获取必要的文件：



# cd /opt/oracle/instantclient_10_2/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/bin/tnsping ./ //这是从其他安装了oracle服务器的机子上拷贝文件过来，不一定非要通过这种方法，

root@192.168.21.16's password:

tnsping 100% 13KB 13.3KB/s 00:00

# mkdir-p network/mesg

# cd network/mesg

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/network/mesg/tnsus.msb ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

tnsus.msb 100% 46KB 46.0KB/s 00:00

#



下面测试一下tnsping工具



$ tnsping ora16



TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 03-8月 -2012
11:03:39



Copyright (c) 1997, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.



Used parameter files:





Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.21.16)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = neizxmdb1) (SERVER = DEDICATED)))

OK (0 msec)

$



Ok，tnsping能正确运行了！

3、配置sqlldr
Oracle的instanct_client没有自带sqlldr工具，也要单独获取相关的文件：



root用户登录：

# cd /opt/oracle/instantclient_10_2/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/bin/sqlldr ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

sqlldr 100% 717KB 717.5KB/s 00:00

# mkdir -p rdbms/mesg/

# cd rdbms/mesg/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/rdbms/mesg/ulus.msb ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

ulus.msb 100% 37KB 37.0KB/s 00:00

#



在测试用户中运行sqlldr：

$ sqlldr



SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期五 8月 3
11:20:04 2012



Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.





Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]



Valid Keywords:

……

Sqlldr工具可以运行了

4、配置imp、exp

root用户登录：



# cd /opt/Oracle/instantclient_10_2/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/bin/imp ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

imp 100% 348KB 348.3KB/s 00:00

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/bin/exp ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

exp 100% 697KB 697.1KB/s 00:00

# cd rdbms/mesg/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/rdbms/mesg/impus.msb ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

impus.msb 100% 16KB 15.5KB/s 00:00

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/rdbms/mesg/expus.msb ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

expus.msb 100% 17KB 16.5KB/s 00:00

#

测试用户下运行imp和exp

$ imp



Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期五 8月 3
11:31:24 2012



Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.



Username:



$ exp



Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期五 8月 3
11:31:13 2012



Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.





Username:



Ok！





5、配置tkprof
Tkprof是一个格式化sql trace文件的工具，在简单客户端中，我们也可以添加进来：



root用户登录：

# cd /opt/oracle/instantclient_10_2/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/bin/tkprof ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

tkprof 100% 135KB 135.1KB/s 00:00

# mkdir -p oracore/mesg/

# cd oracore/mesg/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/oracore/mesg/lrmus.msb ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

lrmus.msb 100% 4608 4.5KB/s 00:00

#



测试用户下执行

$ tkprof

Usage: tkprof tracefile outputfile [explain= ] [table= ]

[print= ] [insert= ] [sys= ] [sort= ]

table=schema.tablename Use 'schema.tablename' with 'explain=' option.

explain=user/password Connect to ORACLE and issue EXPLAIN PLAN.

print=integer List only the first 'integer' SQL statements.

aggregate=yes|no

insert=filename List SQL statements and data inside INSERT statements.

sys=no TKPROF does not list SQL statements run as user SYS.

record=filename Record non-recursive statements found in the trace file.

waits=yes|no Record summary for any wait events found in the trace file.

sort=option Set of zero or more of the following sort options:

prscnt number of times parse was called

……



tkprof可以运行了