linux配置oracle客户端，sqlplus、sqlldr、exp、imp --- 转

如果有错，谢谢指出！

一、配置环境

 需要在安装有oracle软件的相同操作系统上获取部分oracle的系统文件

二、配置目标

无需安装oracle服务器或客户端软件，达到能使用以下功能的目标： 

 oci、occi、jdbc的支持

 tnsping

 sqlplus

 sqlldr

 exp

 imp 

 tkprof

三、软件下载

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/database/features/instant-client/index-092699-zhs.html

instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.3.0

instantclient-jdbc-linux.x64-11.2.0.3.0

instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-11.2.0.3.0

instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.3.0

四、配置步骤

配置各个功能都一样，关键是环境变量的配置，根据自己实际情况配置，这些基本上都是在网上找的，关键环境变量做了改动

1、配置sqlplus

root用户登录，创建目录：

# mkdir -p /opt/oracle

将所有软件包解压缩至/opt/oracle/下，所有文件将自动释放至目录/opt/oracle/instantclient_10_2/下
创建文件/opt/oracle/instantclient_10_2/tnsnames.ora
格式如下：

CZJGBS =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 81.17.1.23)(PORT = 1521)) //需要连接的IP

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = czjgbs) //需要连接的实例

    )

  )

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SID = PLSExtProc)

      (PRESENTATION = RO)

    )

  )
在需要使用oracle功能的测试用户环境变量中，添加如下配置，这里一定要注意，如果你失败了百分之八十都是这里的问题： 
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export ORACLE_IC_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_11_2
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_IC_HOME
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_IC_HOME
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_IC_HOME
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_IC_HOME:/usr/lib

export ORACLE_SID=czjgbs //(需要连接的实例名称)

生效后，测试sqlplus：

$ sqlplus scott/tiger@ora215

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期五 8月 3
10:41:44 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

连接到:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

SQL>  

Ok，sqlplus工具可以使用了；
2、配置tnsping
下面我们在此基础上增加tnsping工具
回到root用户，在其他装有Oracle的机器上获取必要的文件：
 

# cd /opt/oracle/instantclient_10_2/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/bin/tnsping ./          //这是从其他安装了oracle服务器的机子上拷贝文件过来，不一定非要通过这种方法，

root@192.168.21.16's password:

tnsping                                            100%   13KB  13.3KB/s   00:00   

# mkdir-p network/mesg

# cd network/mesg

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/network/mesg/tnsus.msb ./     

root@192.168.21.16's password:

tnsus.msb                                      100%   46KB  46.0KB/s   00:00   

#

 
下面测试一下tnsping工具
 

$ tnsping ora16

 

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 03-8月 -2012 11:03:39

 

Copyright (c) 1997,  2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Used parameter files:

 

 

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.21.16)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = neizxmdb1) (SERVER = DEDICATED)))

OK (0 msec)

$

 
Ok，tnsping能正确运行了！
3、配置sqlldr
Oracle的instanct_client没有自带sqlldr工具，也要单独获取相关的文件：
 
root用户登录：

# cd /opt/oracle/instantclient_10_2/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/bin/sqlldr ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

sqlldr                                            100%  717KB 717.5KB/s   00:00   

# mkdir -p rdbms/mesg/

# cd rdbms/mesg/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/rdbms/mesg/ulus.msb ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

ulus.msb                                         100%   37KB  37.0KB/s   00:00   

#

 
在测试用户中运行sqlldr：

$ sqlldr

 

SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期五 8月 3
11:20:04 2012

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]

 

Valid Keywords:

……

Sqlldr工具可以运行了
4、配置imp、exp
root用户登录：
 

# cd /opt/Oracle/instantclient_10_2/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/bin/imp ./  

root@192.168.21.16's password:

imp                                               100%  348KB 348.3KB/s   00:00   

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/bin/exp ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

exp                                               100%  697KB 697.1KB/s   00:00   

# cd rdbms/mesg/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/rdbms/mesg/impus.msb ./   

root@192.168.21.16's password:

impus.msb                                         100%   16KB  15.5KB/s   00:00   

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/rdbms/mesg/expus.msb ./ 

root@192.168.21.16's password:

expus.msb                                         100%   17KB  16.5KB/s   00:00   

#

测试用户下运行imp和exp

$ imp

 

Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期五 8月 3
11:31:24 2012

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Username:

 

$ exp

 

Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期五 8月 3
11:31:13 2012

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Username:

 
Ok！
 
 
5、配置tkprof
Tkprof是一个格式化sql trace文件的工具，在简单客户端中，我们也可以添加进来：
 
root用户登录：

# cd /opt/oracle/instantclient_10_2/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/bin/tkprof ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

tkprof                                            100%  135KB 135.1KB/s   00:00   

# mkdir -p oracore/mesg/

# cd oracore/mesg/

# scp root@192.168.21.16:/oracle/orahome/product/10.2.0/oracore/mesg/lrmus.msb ./

root@192.168.21.16's password:

lrmus.msb                                        100% 4608     4.5KB/s   00:00   

#

 
测试用户下执行

$ tkprof

Usage: tkprof tracefile outputfile [explain= ] [table= ]

              [print= ] [insert= ] [sys= ] [sort= ]

  table=schema.tablename   Use 'schema.tablename' with 'explain=' option.

  explain=user/password    Connect to ORACLE and issue EXPLAIN PLAN.

  print=integer    List only the first 'integer' SQL statements.

  aggregate=yes|no

  insert=filename  List SQL statements and data inside INSERT statements.

  sys=no           TKPROF does not list SQL statements run as user SYS.

  record=filename  Record non-recursive statements found in the trace file.

  waits=yes|no     Record summary for any wait events found in the trace file.

  sort=option      Set of zero or more of the following sort options:

prscnt  number of times parse was called

……

 
tkprof可以运行了