EXPDP/IMPDP与EXP/IMP在不同用户和表空间之间迁移数据的实现方法

1. EXPDP/IMPDP方式

SQL> create user zlm identified by zlm;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource to zlm;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> create tablespace ts_zlm datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbf' size 100M reuse;

Tablespace created.

SQL> alter user zlm default tablespace ts_zlm;

User altered.

SQL> select username,default_tablespace from dba_users where username='ZLM';

USERNAME DEFAULT_TABLESPACE

------------------------------ ------------------------------

ZLM TS_ZLM

SQL> col name for a50

SQL> select name,bytes/1024/1024 from v$datafile where name like '%users01.dbf';

NAME BYTES/1024/1024

-------------------------------------------------- ---------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf
5

SQL> set lin 120 pages 120

SQL> col username for a8

SQL> col name for a45

SQL> select a.username,a.default_tablespace,b.name from dba_users a,v$datafile b,v$tablespace c where a.default_tablespace=c.name and b.ts#=c.ts# and a.username='SCOTT';

USERNAME DEFAULT_TABLESPACE NAME

-------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------

SCOTT USERS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf

SQL> alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf' resize 100M;

Database altered.

SQL> select name,bytes/1024/1024 from v$datafile where name like '%users01.dbf';

NAME BYTES/1024/1024

--------------------------------------------- ---------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf 100

SQL> select owner,directory_name from dba_directories;

OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------

SYS DATA_PUMP_DIR

SYS SUBDIR

SYS XMLDIR

SYS MEDIA_DIR

SYS LOG_FILE_DIR

SYS DATA_FILE_DIR

SYS WORK_DIR

SYS ADMIN_DIR

SQL> create directory zlm_pump as '/u01/expdp';

Directory created.

SQL> !mkdir /u01/expdp

SQL> alter user scott identified by tiger account unlock;

User altered.

SQL> grant connect,resource to scott;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant read,write on directory zlm_pump to scott;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> conn scott/tiger

Connected.

SQL> create table zlm1 as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> insert into zlm1 select * from dba_objects;

50318 rows created.

SQL> /

50318 rows created.

SQL> select count(*) from zlm1;

COUNT(*)

----------

150954

SQL> select table_name from user_tables where tablespace_name='USERS';

TABLE_NAME

------------------------------

ZLM1

SALGRADE

BONUS

EMP

DEPT

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger parallel=2 directory=zlm_pump dumpfile=scott01.dmp,scott02.dmp tablespaces=users

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sunday, 31 August, 2014 14:35:29

Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLESPACE_01": scott/******** parallel=2 directory=zlm_pump dumpfile=scott01.dmp,scott02.dmp tablespaces=users

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...--可以通过estimate=block(默认值)指定，还有一个是statistic

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 17.18 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SCOTT"."ZLM1" 14.06 MB 150954 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.656 KB 4 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 7.820 KB 14 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.585 KB 5 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLESPACE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLESPACE_01 is:

/u01/expdp/scott01.dmp

/u01/expdp/scott02.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLESPACE_01" successfully completed at 14:36:10

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ impdp zlm/zlm parallel=2 remap_schema=scott:zlm remap_tablespace=users:ts_zlm directory=zlm_pump dumpfile=scott01.dmp,scott02.dmp

Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sunday, 31 August, 2014 14:41:30

Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

Master table "ZLM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "ZLM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": zlm/******** parallel=2 remap_schema=scott:zlm remap_tablespace=users:ts_zlm directory=zlm_pump dumpfile=scott01.dmp,scott02.dmp

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "ZLM"."DEPT" 5.656 KB 4 rows

. . imported "ZLM"."EMP" 7.820 KB 14 rows

. . imported "ZLM"."SALGRADE" 5.585 KB 5 rows

. . imported "ZLM"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows

. . imported "ZLM"."ZLM1" 14.06 MB 150954 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "ZLM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 14:41:43

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 31 14:43:12 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> conn zlm/zlm

Connected.

SQL> select table_name from user_tables where tablespace_name='TS_ZLM';

TABLE_NAME

------------------------------

ZLM1

SALGRADE

BONUS

EMP

DEPT

SQL> select object_name from user_objects;

OBJECT_NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPT

EMP

BONUS

SALGRADE

ZLM1

PK_DEPT

PK_EMP

SCHEMA SCOTT的表空间USERS中的全部对象已经被导入到SCHEMA ZLM的表空间，包括表和索引

2. EXP/IMP方式

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> drop user zlm cascade;

User dropped.

SQL> create user zlm identified by zlm;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource to zlm;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> alter user zlm default tablespace ts_zlm;

User altered.

SQL> conn zlm/zlm

Connected.

SQL> select * from cat;

no rows selected

SQL> !

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ exp scott/tiger owner=scott file=/u01/scott01.dmp

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 31 15:42:00 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions

. exporting foreign function library names for user SCOTT

. exporting PUBLIC type synonyms

. exporting private type synonyms

. exporting object type definitions for user SCOTT

About to export SCOTT's objects ...

. exporting database links

. exporting sequence numbers

. exporting cluster definitions

. about to export SCOTT's tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table BONUS 0 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

. . exporting table DEPT 4 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

. . exporting table EMP 14 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

. . exporting table SALGRADE 5 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

. . exporting table ZLM1 150954 rows exported

. exporting synonyms

. exporting views

. exporting stored procedures

. exporting operators

. exporting referential integrity constraints

. exporting triggers

. exporting indextypes

. exporting bitmap, functional and extensible indexes

. exporting posttables actions

. exporting materialized views

. exporting snapshot logs

. exporting job queues

. exporting refresh groups and children

. exporting dimensions

. exporting post-schema procedural objects and actions

. exporting statistics

Export terminated successfully with warnings.

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ imp zlm/zlm fromuser=scott touser=zlm file=/u01/exp/scott01.dmp

Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 31 15:43:01 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

IMP-00002: failed to open /u01/exp/scott01.dmp for read --路径指定错了

Import file: expdat.dmp > /u01/scott01.dmp

Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path

Warning: the objects were exported by SCOTT, not by you

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. . importing table "BONUS" 0 rows imported

. . importing table "DEPT" 4 rows imported

. . importing table "EMP" 14 rows imported

. . importing table "SALGRADE" 5 rows imported

. . importing table "ZLM1" 150954 rows imported

About to enable constraints...

Import terminated successfully with warnings.

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ exit

SQL> col object_name for a15

SQL> select object_name,object_type from user_objects;

OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE

--------------- -------------------

BONUS TABLE

DEPT TABLE

PK_DEPT INDEX

EMP TABLE

PK_EMP INDEX

SALGRADE TABLE

ZLM1 TABLE

SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from user_tables;

TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------

BONUS USERS

DEPT USERS

EMP USERS

SALGRADE USERS

ZLM1 USERS

注意，用imp导入后的对象，都是存放在exp导出时的表空间的，如果要迁移到别的表空间，就要使用alter table move tablespace来实现，先通过下面的SQL拼接语句来获得批量move的语句：

SQL> select 'alter table '||table_name||' MOVE TABLESPACE ts_zlm;' from user_tables;

'ALTERTABLE'||TABLE_NAME||'MOVETABLESPACETS_ZLM;'

------------------------------------------------------------------

alter table BONUS MOVE TABLESPACE ts_zlm;

alter table DEPT MOVE TABLESPACE ts_zlm;

alter table EMP MOVE TABLESPACE ts_zlm;

alter table SALGRADE MOVE TABLESPACE ts_zlm;

alter table ZLM1 MOVE TABLESPACE ts_zlm;

SQL> select 'ALTER INDEX ' ||index_name || ' REBUILD TABLESPACE ts_zlm;' from user_indexes;

'ALTERINDEX'||INDEX_NAME||'REBUILDTABLESPACETS_ZLM;'

---------------------------------------------------------------------

ALTER INDEX PK_EMP REBUILD TABLESPACE ts_zlm;

ALTER INDEX PK_DEPT REBUILD TABLESPACE ts_zlm;

SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from user_tables;

TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------

SALGRADE TS_ZLM

EMP TS_ZLM

ZLM1 TS_ZLM

DEPT TS_ZLM

BONUS TS_ZLM

SQL> select index_name,tablespace_name from user_indexes;

INDEX_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------

PK_EMP TS_ZLM

PK_DEPT TS_ZLM

可以看到，zlm用户imp导入的数据库对象已经全部迁移到TS_ZLM表空间去了

总结：

EXPDP/IPMDP只能在server上运行，其运行效率完全取决于磁盘I/O，而EXP/IMP不仅可以运行在server上，也可以运行在client上，所以除了磁盘I/O的制约因素，还有网络方面的因素。

EXPDP/IMPDP比EXP/IMP性能有很大的提高，其中影响最大的就是paralle，通常设置为CPU的个数，通过该参数可以并行导出，大大提高导出速度，而EXP/IMP是没有这个功能的，最多也就只有一个DIRECT=Y,使导出不用经过SELECT到SGA的BUFFER中，提高的速度是有限的，注意他们之间的语法也有不小的区别，参数不可互相替代。

EXPDP/IMPDP可以通过remap_schema和remap_tablespace直接实现不同用户和表空间之间的数据迁移;而EXP/IMP则稍微麻烦一点，需要ALTER TABLE xxx MOVE TABLESPACE xxx/ALTER INDEX xxx REBUILD TABLESPACE xxx方式来实现。move相当于把表再重建一次，可以修改storage参数(如initial、pctfree、pctincrease等)，还可以move到另外的表空间，如果不指定表空间，则在原来的表空间中move，因此做move操作时，目标表空间需要保证有这个表同样大小的剩余空间，整个操作相当于exp/imp(从表空间A导出到表空间B)，move完表后要重建索引。

基于以上几种原因，现在做数据逻辑迁移都是用EXPDP/IMPDP而很少再使用EXP/IMP了。