配置静态监听解决ORA-12514错误的案例

今天做Linux下DG配置的时候，遇到一个现象，tnsname.ora文件配置都正常，tnsping也正常，监听也正常，但是仍然报ORA-12514错误：

SQL> set lin 130 pages 130
SQL> select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;

DEST_ID ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1
2 ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service
requested in connect descriptor

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

--查看主库监听

SQL> !lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:31:46

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
Start Date 08-OCT-2014 10:34:51
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 56 min. 54 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prd" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prdXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prd_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

--tnsnames.ora文件内容

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)

PRD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = prd)
)
)

STD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = prd)
)
)

--主库tnsping测试网络服务名是否正常

SQL> !tnsping prd

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:32:35

Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd)))
OK (10 msec)

SQL> !tnsping std

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:32:43

Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd)))
OK (20 msec)

--查看备库监听

[oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:29:52

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
Start Date 08-OCT-2014 09:41:41
Uptime 0 days 2 hr. 48 min. 11 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "std" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "std_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

--查看备库远程归档路径

SQL> set lin 130 pages 130
SQL> col error for a20

SQL> select dest_id,error,status from v$archive_dest;

DEST_ID ERROR STATUS
---------- -------------------- ---------
1 VALID
2 VALID
3 INACTIVE
4 INACTIVE
5 INACTIVE
6 INACTIVE
7 INACTIVE
8 INACTIVE
9 INACTIVE
10 INACTIVE
11 VALID

--备库tnsping测试网络服务器名是否正常

SQL> !tnsping prd

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:39:40

Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd)))
OK (20 msec)

SQL> !tnsping std

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:39:44

Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd)))
OK (10 msec)

tnsping测试下来也都是通的，这就比较奇怪了，但是ORA-12514错误很明显是指监听方面的问题，导致服务名无法解析，由于主备库采用的是同一个实例名，因此两边的instance_name用的都是prd，乍一看好像很正常，但是解析确实出现了问题，那么怎么办呢？

之前仅仅只是给服务器配置了一个动态监听，内容如下：

--主库监听listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)

--主库监听listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)

可以看到，区别仅仅是主机名不同而已，一个是prd，另一个是std，静态监听并未配置，即SID_LIST_LISTENER这一项里面的栏目，那么现在为主备库都配置一个监听。静态监听可以用netmgr配置，这里为了方便，不再进入图形界面执行该命令，而是直接通过修改listener.ora文件来达到目的，其效果是一样的，在原来的listener.ora文件中的SID_LIST_LISTENER中添加如下内容（红色部分）：

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = prd)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = prd)
)

(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)

注意，加上的内容中，SID_NAME，即instance_name，而GLOBAL_DBNAME，即tnsnames.ora中的SERVICE_NAME，由于tnsnames.ora中的SERVICE_NAME都是prd，因此这里的两个名字是一样的，不会有什么影响，把修改好的文件替换掉原文件，再重新加载监听文件

SQL> !
[oracle@prd ~]$ lsnrctl reload

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:55:17

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@prd ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:55:24

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
Start Date 08-OCT-2014 10:34:51
Uptime 0 days 2 hr. 20 min. 33 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prd" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "prd", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prdXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prd_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@prd ~]$

注意，这个UNKNOW的prd实例对应的服务名prd就是刚才我们通过静态监听发现的服务名，同那样地，备库也重新加载监听：

[oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl reload

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:57:15

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:57:25

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
Start Date 08-OCT-2014 09:41:41
Uptime 0 days 3 hr. 15 min. 44 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prd" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prd", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "std" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "std_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

可以看到，此时备库也多了一个UNKNOWN的，和实例名prd对应的服务prd

--再次查看主库远程归档路径状态

SQL> select dest_id,status,error from v$archive_dest_status;

DEST_ID STATUS ERROR
---------- --------- --------------------
1 VALID
2 VALID
3 INACTIVE
4 INACTIVE
5 INACTIVE
6 INACTIVE
7 INACTIVE
8 INACTIVE
9 INACTIVE
10 INACTIVE

原来dest_id=2的那个远程归档路径的ORA-12514的问题解决了，此时归档日志就可以通过网路远程传输到备库相应的归档路径中了，再执行redo apply也不会有任何问题了。

总结：

这个案例是由于主备库都采用了同一个实例名产生的问题，当我们只配置一个默认的动态监听，会发现主库无法监听到远程备库的相应服务，通过静态监听手动添加上与实例名对应的服务，才能解决这个问题。使用静态监听的另一个好处是，当Oracle数据库实例还没有启动的时候，就会先把对应的服务和实例名，通过静态配置的监听文件给启动起来，而不是等启动实例后由pmon进程再去启动，这样速度更快。不用再等待若干秒，我们的客户端就可以通过静态监听立即脸上数据库服务器了，也就是说，可以不依赖服务器进程，完成监听的工作。