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通过纯CSS样式实现DIV元素中多行文本超长自动省略号

2014-05-05 15:45 471 查看

在CSS中，我们可以通过下面的样式实现DIV元素中文本超长后自动截断并以省略号结尾：

overflow: hidden; 
word-break: normal; 
text-overflow: ellipsis;

text-overflow: ellipsis是实现文本截断后以省略号结尾的关键样式，但问题是如果添加该样式则DIV元素内的文本无法自动换行，也就是说该效果只被允许在单行文本上实现。另外，word-break: normal可以防止文字被部分截断，这个在内容为英文的情况下显得尤其重要。

要实现多行文本自动截断以省略号结尾的效果，通常的做法是使用JavaScript脚本。下面这些文章给出了如何通过脚本进行字符串截断，不过仅限于英文环境。
http://www.barelyfitz.com/projects/truncate/
http://www.javascriptsource.com/miscellaneous/truncate-text.html
http://www.javascriptbank.com/truncate-html-text.html/en/

使用纯CSS样式来实现该效果则会稍微有些麻烦，你需要懂得如何在CSS中进行hack。这里是一个可以在多个通用浏览器中实现该效果的例子:

<!DOCTYPE HTML> 
<html> 
<head> 
<style> 
html, body, p { margin: 0; padding: 0; font-family: sans-serif;} 
.ellipsis { 
overflow: hidden; 
height: 200px; 
line-height: 25px; 
margin: 20px; 
border: 5px solid #AAA; } 
.ellipsis:before { 
content:""; 
float: left; 
width: 5px; height: 200px; } 
.ellipsis > *:first-child { 
float: right; 
width: 100%; 
margin-left: -5px; } 
.ellipsis:after { 
content: "\02026"; 
box-sizing: content-box; 
-webkit-box-sizing: content-box; 
-moz-box-sizing: content-box; 
float: right; position: relative; 
top: -25px; left: 100%; 
width: 3em; margin-left: -3em; 
padding-right: 5px; 
text-align: right; 
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, 
from(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), to(white), color-stop(50%, white)); 
background: -moz-linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), white 50%, white); 
background: -o-linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), white 50%, white); 
background: -ms-linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), white 50%, white); 
background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0), white 50%, white); } 
</style> 
</head> 
<body> 
<div class="ellipsis"><div> 
<p>Call me Ishmael. Some years ago – never mind how long precisely – having little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about a little and see the watery part of the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen, and regulating the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get such an upper hand of me, that it requires a strong moral principle to prevent me from deliberately stepping into the street, and methodically knocking people's hats off – then, I account it high time to get to sea as soon as I can.</p> 
</div></div> 
</body> 
</html>

通过修改.ellipsis和.ellipsis:before样式中height属性的值来指定容器的高度。该样式的实现在多个不同版本的浏览器下测试通过，注意如果你是在IE下查看则需要确保你的文档模型必须是在标准模式下，即Document Mode必须是Standards。

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标签： 纯CSS效果 CSS3

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