PXE+DHCP+NFS+KICKSTART无人值守安装RHEL6.4

实验要求：
服务器（192.168.100.250）给192.168.100.0网段的客户机安装RHEL6.4操作系统，并给每台客户端192.168.100.x分配主机名clientx.jinjianjun.com，实现无人值守安装

一．配置YUM
[root@PXE-server ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-server.repo
[rhel-server]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux
baseurl=file:///media
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[root@PXE-server ~]# mount /dev/cdrom1 /media //放入安装光盘并挂载

二．.配置DHCP
[root@PXE-server ~]# yum -y install dhcp
[root@PXE-server ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.100.100 192.168.100.200; //分配给客户机的地址段
option domain-name-servers 192.168.100.250; //DNS也是本机
option domain-name "jinjianjun.com";
option routers 192.168.100.254;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
next-server 192.168.100.250; //TFTP服务器的IP地址
filename "pxelinux.0"; //网卡引导文件名
}
[root@PXE-server ~]# service dhcpd start
[root@PXE-server ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on

三．配置TFTP
1.安装软件包
[root@PXE-server ~]# yum -y install tftp-server
[root@PXE-server ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
……
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot //tftp根目录
disable = no //开启tftp服务
……
[root@PXE-server ~]# service xinetd restart
[root@PXE-server ~]# chkconfig xinetd on

[root@PXE-server ~]# cd /media/images/pxeboot/
[root@PXE-server pxeboot]# cp initrd.img vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/ //将光盘中linux内核与镜像文件拷贝到tftp根目录下
[root@PXE-server pxeboot]# yum -y install syslinux
[root@PXE-server pxeboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/ //将网卡引导文件也拷贝至tftp根目录

2.创建PXE启动配置
[root@PXE-server pxeboot]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg //创建文件夹

[root@PXE-server pxeboot]# cd ../../isolinux/
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# cp isolinux.
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# cp isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default //拷贝光盘中样例文件到tftp根目录下并改名为default

四．配置NFS共享
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# mkdir -p /data/nfs //创建nfs共享目录
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# vim /etc/exports
/data/nfs *(ro)
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# cp -rf /media /data/nfs/ //将光盘下软件包拷贝到nfs共享目录

[root@PXE-server isolinux]# service rpcbind start
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# service nfs start
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# chkconfig rpcbind on
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# chkconfig nfs on

五．配置DNS
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# yum -y install bind bind-chroot
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# vim /etc/named.conf
……
listen-on port 53 { 192.168.100.250; };
……
allow-query { any; };
……
zone "jinjianjun.com.zone" IN { //正向解析
type master;
file "jinjianjun.com.zone";
};

zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { //反向解析
type master;
file "192.168.100.arpa";
};
……
[root@PXE-server isolinux]# cd /var/named/
[root@PXE-server named]# vim jinjianjun.com.zone
$TTL 3H
@IN SOAjinjianjun.com. root.jinjianjun.com. (
2014041901 ; serial
1D; refresh
1H; retry
1W; expire
3H ); minimum
NSdns.jinjianjun.com.
dnsIN A192.168.100.250
$GENERATE 100-200 client$ IN A 192.168.100.$ //使用函数解析

[root@PXE-server named]# vim 192.168.100.arpa
$TTL 3H
@IN SOAjinjianjun.com. root.jinjianjun.com. (
2014041901 ; serial
1D; refresh
1H; retry
1W; expire
3H ); minimum
NSdns.jinjianjun.com.
250IN PTRdns.jinjianjun.com.
$GENERATE 100-200 $ IN PTR client$.jinjianjun.com.

[root@PXE-server named]# service named start
[root@PXE-server named]# chkconfig named on

[root@PXE-server named]# nslookup 192.168.100.100 192.168.100.250 //测试反向解析
[root@PXE-server named]# nslookup client181.jinjianjun.com //测试正向解析

六．创建kickstart应答文件
[root@PXE-server named]# yum -y install system-config-kickstart
[root@PXE-server named]# system-config-kickstart //通过图形化工具配置客户端启动选项生成应答文件
[root@PXE-server ~]# cp ks.cfg /data/nfs/ //部署到NFS共享目录
[root@PXE-server ~]# cat ks.cfg //根据需要设置客户端配置应答文件
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use NFS installation media
nfs --server=192.168.100.250 --dir=/data/nfs/media //通过NFS共享
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$sW2gH1K6$B333cigoFqn3IaAUK2RIj1
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text //建议使用文本安装，速度更快
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_AU
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=10000

%packages
@base
@basic-desktop
@chinese-support
@graphics
@technical-writing
@tex
@x11

%end

[root@PXE-server ~]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
//default linux //默认启动
#prompt 1
timeout 600
……
label linux
menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append ks=nfs:192.168.100.250:/data/nfs/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img //在append后添加ks文件位置
……
七．客户端测试
客户端主板必须支持网卡启动，ROM网卡必须支持PXE协议将客户端主机设置为网卡启动，开机测试