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android 自定义控件 自定义属性详细介绍

2014-02-26 13:41 330 查看
在android相关应用开发过程中,固定的一些属性可能满足不了开发的需求,所以在一些特殊情况下,需要自定义控件与属性,本文将以此问题进行详细介绍,需要的朋友可以参考下

自定义控件在android中无处不见,自定义控件给了我们很大的方便。比如说,一个视图为imageview ,imagebutton ,textview 等诸多控件的组合,用的地方有很多,我们不可能每次都来写3个的组合,既浪费时间,效率又低。在这种情况下,我们就可以自定义一个view来替换他们,不仅提升了效率并且在xml中运用也是相当的美观。


一、控件自定义属性介绍

以下示例中代码均在values/attrs.xml 中定义,属性均可随意命名。

1. reference:参考某一资源ID。

示例:

[html] view
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<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="background" format="reference" />

<attr name="src" format="reference" />

</declare-styleable>

2. color:颜色值。
示例:

[html] view
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<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="textColor" format="color" />

</declare-styleable>

3. boolean:布尔值。
示例:

[html] view
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<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="focusable" format="boolean" />

</declare-styleable>

4. dimension:尺寸值。

示例:

[html] view
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<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="layout_width" format="dimension" />

</declare-styleable>

5. float:浮点值。

示例:

[html] view
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<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="fromAlpha" format="float" />

<attr name="toAlpha" format="float" />

</declare-styleable>

6. integer:整型值。

示例:

[html] view
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<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="frameDuration" format="integer" />

<attr name="framesCount" format="integer" />

</declare-styleable>

7. string:字符串。

示例:

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<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="text" format="string" />

</declare-styleable>

8. fraction:百分数。

示例:

[html] view
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<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="pivotX" format="fraction" />

<attr name="pivotY" format="fraction" />

</declare-styleable>

9. enum:枚举值。

示例:

[html] view
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<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="orientation">

<enum name="horizontal" value="0" />

<enum name="vertical" value="1" />

</attr>

</declare-styleable>

10. flag:位或运算。

示例:

[html] view
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<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="windowSoftInputMode">

<flag name="stateUnspecified" value="0" />

<flag name="stateUnchanged" value="1" />

<flag name="stateHidden" value="2" />

<flag name="stateAlwaysHidden" value="3" />

</attr>

</declare-styleable>

11.多类型。

示例:

[html] view
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<declare-styleable name="名称">

<attr name="background" format="reference|color" />

</declare-styleable>


二、属性的使用以及自定义控件的实现

1、构思控件的组成元素,思考所需自定义的属性。

比如:我要做一个 <带阴影的按钮,按钮正下方有文字说明>(类似9宫格按钮)

新建values/attrs.xml

[html] view
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<resources>

<declare-styleable name="custom_view">

<attr name="custom_id" format="integer" />

<attr name="src" format="reference" />

<attr name="background" format="reference" />

<attr name="text" format="string" />

<attr name="textColor" format="color" />

<attr name="textSize" format="dimension" />

</declare-styleable>

</resources>

以上,所定义为custom_view,custom_id为按钮id,src为按钮,background为阴影背景,text为按钮说明,textColor为字体颜色,textSize为字体大小。

2、怎么自定义控件呢,怎么使用这些属性呢?话不多说请看代码,CustomView :

[java] view
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package com.nanlus.custom;

import com.nanlus.custom.R;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.res.TypedArray;

import android.graphics.Color;

import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;

import android.util.AttributeSet;

import android.view.Gravity;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

import android.widget.FrameLayout;

import android.widget.ImageButton;

import android.widget.ImageView;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class CustomView extends FrameLayout implements OnClickListener

{

private CustomListener customListener = null;

private Drawable mSrc = null, mBackground = null;

private String mText = "";

private int mTextColor = 0;

private float mTextSize = 20;

private int mCustomId = 0;

private ImageView mBackgroundView = null;

private ImageButton mButtonView = null;

private TextView mTextView = null;

private LayoutParams mParams = null;

public CustomView(Context context)

{

super(context);

}

public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)

{

super(context, attrs);

TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,

R.styleable.custom_view);

mSrc = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_src);

mBackground = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_background);

mText = a.getString(R.styleable.custom_view_text);

mTextColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.custom_view_textColor,

Color.WHITE);

mTextSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.custom_view_textSize, 20);

mCustomId = a.getInt(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_id, 0);

mTextView = new TextView(context);

mTextView.setTextSize(mTextSize);

mTextView.setTextColor(mTextColor);

mTextView.setText(mText);

mTextView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);

mTextView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,

LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));

mButtonView = new ImageButton(context);

mButtonView.setImageDrawable(mSrc);

mButtonView.setBackgroundDrawable(null);

mButtonView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,

LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));

mButtonView.setOnClickListener(this);

mBackgroundView = new ImageView(context);

mBackgroundView.setImageDrawable(mBackground);

mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(

LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));

addView(mBackgroundView);

addView(mButtonView);

addView(mTextView);

this.setOnClickListener(this);

a.recycle();

}

@Override

protected void onAttachedToWindow()

{

super.onAttachedToWindow();

mParams = (LayoutParams) mButtonView.getLayoutParams();

if (mParams != null)

{

mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;

mButtonView.setLayoutParams(mParams);

}

mParams = (LayoutParams) mBackgroundView.getLayoutParams();

if (mParams != null)

{

mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;

mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(mParams);

}

mParams = (LayoutParams) mTextView.getLayoutParams();

if (mParams != null)

{

mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM;

mTextView.setLayoutParams(mParams);

}

}

public void setCustomListener(CustomListener l)

{

customListener = l;

}

@Override

public void onClick(View v)

{

if (customListener != null)

{

customListener.onCuscomClick(v, mCustomId);

}

}

public interface CustomListener

{

void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id);

}

}

代码很简单,就不多说,下面来看看我们的CustomView是怎么用的,请看:

3、自定义控件的使用

话不多说,请看代码,main.xml:

[html] view
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

<LinearLayout

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"

android:layout_centerVertical="true"

android:orientation="horizontal" >

<com.nanlus.custom.CustomView

android:id="@+id/custom1"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_weight="1"

nanlus:background="@drawable/background"

nanlus:custom_id="1"

nanlus:src="@drawable/style_button"

nanlus:text="按钮1" >

</com.nanlus.custom.CustomView>

</LinearLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

在这里需要解释一下,

xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom"

nanlus为在xml中的前缀,com.nanlus.custom为包名

4、在Activity中,直接上代码

[java] view
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package com.nanlus.custom;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.ImageButton;

import android.widget.ImageView;

import android.widget.TextView;

import android.widget.Toast;

import com.nanlus.BaseActivity;

import com.nanlus.custom.R;

import com.nanlus.custom.CustomView.CustomListener;

public class CustomActivity extends BaseActivity implements CustomListener

{

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)

{

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

((CustomView) this.findViewById(R.id.custom1)).setCustomListener(this);

}

@Override

public void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id)

{

switch (custom_id)

{

case 1:

Toast.makeText(this, "hello !!!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

break;

default:

break;

}

}

}
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