Python3 入门(一)
2014-02-19 13:46
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1、简单例子
#打开新窗口,输入: #! /usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf8 -*- s1=input("Input your name:") print("你好,%s" % s1)
输出:
>>>
Input your name:qq
你好,qq
知识点:
* input("某字符串")函数:显示"某字符串",并等待用户输入.
* print()函数:打印.
2、字符串和数字
#! /usr/bin/python #运行这行程序会出错,提示你字符串和数字不能连接,于是只好用内置函数进行转换 a=2 b="test" c=str(a)+b d="1111" e=a+int(d) #How to print multiply values print ("c is %s,e is %i" % (c,e))
输出:
>>>
c is 2test,e is 1113
知识点:
* 用int和str函数将字符串和数字进行转换
* 打印以#开头,而不是习惯的//
* 打印多个参数的方式
3、列表
#! /usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf8 -*- #列表类似Javascript的数组,方便易用 #定义元组 word=['a','b','c','d','e','f','g'] #如何通过索引访问元组里的元素 a=word[2] print ("a is: "+a) b=word[1:3] print ("b is: ") print (b) # index 1 and 2 elements of word. c=word[:2] print ("c is: ") print (c) # index 0 and 1 elements of word. d=word[0:] print ("d is: ") print (d) # All elements of word. #元组可以合并 e=word[:2]+word[2:] print ("e is: ") print (e) # All elements of word. f=word[-1] print ("f is: ") print (f) # The last elements of word. g=word[-4:-2] print ("g is: ") print (g) # index 3 and 4 elements of word. h=word[-2:] print ("h is: ") print (h) # The last two elements. i=word[:-2] print ("i is: ") print (i) # Everything except the last two characters l=len(word) print ("Length of word is: "+ str(l)) print ("Adds new element") word.append('h') print (word) #删除元素 del word[0] print (word) del word[1:3] print (word)
输出:
a is: c
b is:
['b', 'c']
c is:
['a', 'b']
d is:
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']
e is:
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g']
f is:
g
g is:
['d', 'e']
h is:
['f', 'g']
i is:
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
Length of word is: 7
Adds new element
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h']
['b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h']
['b', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h']
>>>
知识点:
* 列表长度是动态的,可任意添加删除元素.
* 用索引可以很方便访问元素,甚至返回一个子列表
* 更多方法请参考Python的文档
4、字典
#! /usr/bin/python x={'a':'aaa','b':'bbb','c':12} print (x['a']) print (x['b']) print (x['c']) for key in x: print ("Key is %s and value is %s" % (key,x[key]))
输出:
aaa
bbb
12
Key is a and value is aaa
Key is b and value is bbb
Key is c and value is 12
>>>
知识点:
* 将他当Java的Map来用即可.
5、字符串
#! /usr/bin/python word="abcdefg" a=word[2] print ("a is: "+a) b=word[1:3] print ("b is: "+b) # index 1 and 2 elements of word. c=word[:2] print ("c is: "+c) # index 0 and 1 elements of word. d=word[0:] print ("d is: "+d) # All elements of word. e=word[:2]+word[2:] print ("e is: "+e) # All elements of word. f=word[-1] print ("f is: "+f) # The last elements of word. g=word[-4:-2] print ("g is: "+g) # index 3 and 4 elements of word. h=word[-2:] print ("h is: "+h) # The last two elements. i=word[:-2] print ("i is: "+i) # Everything except the last two characters l=len(word) print ("Length of word is: "+ str(l))
输出:
a is: c
b is: bc
c is: ab
d is: abcdefg
e is: abcdefg
f is: g
g is: de
h is: fg
i is: abcde
Length of word is: 7
>>>
中文和英文的字符串长度是否一样?
#! /usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf8 -*- s=input("输入你的中文名,按回车继续"); print ("你的名字是 : " +s) l=len(s) print ("你中文名字的长度是:"+str(l))
输出:
输入你的中文名,按回车继续张三
你的名字是 : 张三
你中文名字的长度是:2
>>>
知识点:
*类似Java,在python3里所有字符串都是unicode,所以长度一致.
6 条件和循环语句
#! /usr/bin/python #条件和循环语句 x=int(input("Please enter an integer:")) if x<0: x=0 print ("Negative changed to zero") elif x==0: print ("Zero") else: print ("More") # Loops List a = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate'] for x in a: print (x, len(x))
输出:
Please enter an integer:3
More
cat 3
window 6
defenestrate 12
>>>
知识点:
* 条件和循环语句
* 如何得到控制台输入
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